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Keratsa-Maria
Manuscript miniature of Keratsa (Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander).
Byzantine Empress consort
Tenure	1362 – 1 July 1379
Tenure	May 1381 – June 1385
Born	1348 Bulgaria
Died	1390 Byzantine Empire
Spouse	Andronikos IV Palaiologos
Issue	John VII Palaiologos
House	House of Shishman House of Palaiologus
Father	Ivan Alexander
Mother	Sarah-Theodora

Keratsa-Maria of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Кераца-Мария; 1348–1390) or simply Maria, was a princess of Bulgaria, Empress-consort of Andronikos IV Palaiologos and mother of John VII Palaiologos.

Life

Maria was the first daughter of the Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Alexander from his second marriage to the Jewess Sara-Theodora. She was the sister of Tsar Ivan Shishman, Kera Tamara and Desislava. On her paternal side, she belonged to the Bulgarian ruling dynasty Shishman. She was the granddaughter of Keratsa Petritsa and Despot Sratsimir and the great-granddaughter of Shishman I.
On 17 August 1355, Keratsa was betrothed to the junior emperor Andronikos Palaiologos. The marital document issued by the Patriarchate stated that "it would be beneficial to the Christians: Byzantines and Bulgarians, and pernicious to the ."

In 1373, while still co-emperor with his father, John V Palaiologos, Andronikos tried to usurp the throne when the Ottoman sultan Murad II forced John V to become a vassal. As a result, Keratsa (along with Andronikos and their son) were imprisoned for three years, until they were liberated by the Genoese. On 12 August 1376, Andronikos IV deposed his father and replaced him as Emperor, with Keratsa as his Empress-consort. The new imperial couple remained in control of Constantinople until 1 July 1379, when John V was restored to his throne. Andronikos IV was reappointed to co-emperor in May 1381 and was given Selymbria to govern, but hostile tensions between John V and Andronikos IV lasted until the death of the latter in 1385.

Keratsa spent the later part of her life as a nun under the name Mathissa. She died in 1390.

Children

Keratsa and Andronikos IV Palaiologos had three children, a son and two daughters. Their son became emperor John VII Palaiologos, reigning for five months in 1390 and again from 1403 – 1408 in Thessalonica.

References

1. Vassil Gjuzelev: Der letzte bulgarisch-byzantinische Krieg. In: Werner Seibt (Hg.): Geschichte und Kultur der Palaiologenzeit. Referate des Internationalen Symposions zu Ehren von Herbert Hunger. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1996, S. 29–34
2. ^ Georgieva, Sashka (2014). "Marital unions as a tool of diplomacy between Bulgaria and Byzantium from 1280 to 1396". Bulgaria Mediaevalis. 5 (1): 453–478. ISSN 1314-2941.
3. Yordanova, Lilyana (2019), "The story behind the image: The literary patronage of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria between ostentation and decline", Late Byzantium Reconsidered, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9781351244831-12, ISBN 978-1-351-24483-1, retrieved 2024-05-18
4. Origone, Sandra (June 1995). "Marriage connections between Byzantium and the West in the age of the palaiologoi". Mediterranean Historical Review. 10 (1–2): 226–241. doi:10.1080/09518969508569695. ISSN 0951-8967.
5. Georgieva, Sashka (2021). "The Last Medieval Tsaritsas of Tarnovo". Bulgaria Mediaevalis. 12 (1): 237–250. ISSN 1314-2941.

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