| Cucuteni–Trypillia culture (c. 4800 to 3000 BC) |
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 Characteristic example of Cucuteni–Trypillia pottery |
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| ← Boian culture Usatove culture, Yamnaya culture, Corded Ware culture → |
Kharkivka, in Ukraine, is the site of an ancient mega-settlement belonging to the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture dating to 4300-4000 BC. The settlement was for the time very large, covering an area of 100 hectares. This proto-city is just one of 2,440 Cucuteni-Trypillia settlements discovered so far in Moldova and Ukraine. 194 (8%) of these settlements had an area of more than 10 hectares between 5000-2700 BC and more than 29 settlements had an area in the range of 100 to 450 hectares.