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Bugun, also known as Khowa, is a small possible language isolate spoken in Arunachal Pradesh state of India by the Bugun. They numbered about 1,700 in 2011.

Classification

Bugun is classified as a Kho-Bwa language in Blench & Post (2013), although Blench (2015) believes Bugun may actually be unrelated to the rest of the Kho-Bwa languages.

Dialects

Lieberherr & Bodt (2017) list the following Bugun dialects along with their numbers of speakers.

• Dikhyang (100 speakers)
• Singchung (680 speakers)
• Wangho (220 speakers)
• Bichom (630 speakers)
• Kaspi (80 speakers)
• Namphri (180 speakers)

Distribution

Bugun is spoken in the following villages in southern West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh (Dondrup 1990:iv). The total population numbered 800 in 1981. Names in parentheses are spellings as given in Ethnologue.

• Wanghoo (Wangho)
• Singchung
• Kaspi (New Kaspi)
• Lichini
• Ramo (Ramu)
• Namphri
• Chithu (Situ)
• Sachida (Sachita)
• Pani-Phu
• Ditching (Diching)
• Dikhiyang (Dikiang)
• Bicham (Bichom) (a recently founded hamlet)

Ethnologue also lists Mangopom village. These villages are located on the mountains on both sides of Rupa River.

References

1. Bugun at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
2. Blench, Roger. 2015. The Mey languages and their classification. Presentation given at the University of Sydney.
3. Lieberherr, Ismael; Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus. 2017. Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based on shared core vocabulary. In Himalayan Linguistics, 16(2).
4. Dondrup, Rinchin. 1990. Bugun language guide. Itanagar: Directorate of Research, Government of Arunachal Pradesh.

v t e Sino-Tibetan branches
Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)	West Himalayish Tamangic Newaric Newar Baram–Thangmi Kiranti Dhimalish Dhimal Toto Lhokpu Lepcha Greater Magaric Magaric Magar Kham Chepangic Chepang Bhujel Raji–Raute Dura–Tandrange
Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)	Bodish Tibetic East Bodish Tshangla Basum Nam? Gongduk ʼOle Tani Chamdo
Myanmar and Indo- Burmese border	Karbi Kuki-Chin Mruic Mru Hkongso Pyu Taman "Naga" Ao Angami–Pochuri Meitei Tangkhulic Zeme Sal Boro–Garo Konyak Jingpho–Luish
East and Southeast Asia	Sinitic Bai Tujia Nungish Karenic Gong Kathu Cai–Long Caijia Longjia Luren Burmo-Qiangic Qiangic Gyalrongic Ersuic Naic Lolo-Burmese Mondzish Burmish Loloish
Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal)	Hrusish Hruso Mijiic Kho-Bwa Puroik Miju–Meyor Songlin Greater Siangic Siangic Koro Milang Idu–Taraon
Proposed groupings	Central Tibeto-Burman Kuki-Chin–Naga Macro-Bai Mahakiranti Rung Tibeto-Burman Tibeto-Kanauri
Proto-languages	Proto-Sino-Tibetan Proto-Tibeto-Burman Proto-Loloish Proto-Karenic Proto-Min Proto-Hakka
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

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