Qañat or Qeñet (Amharic: ቅኝት, alternatively spelled Kignit, Keniet, Gegnet, Gignit) are secular musical scales developed by the Amhara ethnic group of Ethiopia. Qañat consists in a set of intervals defining the mode of a musical piece or the tuning scale of the instrument playing the piece. There are four main qañat scales that are used, all of which are pentatonic: tizita (ትዝታ), bati (ባቲ), ambassel (አምባሳል), and anchihoye (አንቺሆዬ). Three additional modes are variations on the above: tezeta minor, bati major, and bati minor. Some songs take the name of their qañat, such as tizita, a song of reminiscence.
History
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Ashenafi Kebede was one of the early scholars to standardize the kignits of northern and central Ethiopia.
References
- Weisser, Stéphanie; Falceto, Francis (2013). "Investigating qәñәt in Amhara secular music: An acoustic and historical study". Annales d'Ethiopie. 28: 299–322. doi:10.3406/ethio.2013.1539.
- Kaufmann, Walter. Selected Musical Terms of Non-Western Cultures.
- ^ Shelemay, Kay Kaufman (2001). "Ethiopia". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Vol. viii (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan. p. 356.
- Abatte Barihun, liner notes of the album Ras Deshen, 200.
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