Kola Alkaline Province - Misplaced Pages

Alkaline-ultramafic rock complexes in the Kola Peninsula

The Kola Alkaline Province or Kola Alkaline Carbonatite Province is a discontiguous group of unusual igneous rocks centered in the Kola Peninsula of Russia and with ouliers in nearby areas of Finland and in Arkhangelsk Oblast across the White Sea. The province is made up of alkaline-ultramafic rock complexes often associated to carbonatites and stand-alone dykes and pipes made up of carbonatites, kimberlites and similar rocks. To this it adds the large nepheline syenite bodies of the Lovozero Massif and the Khibiny Mountains. An estimate puts the total volume of the rocks of the Kola Alkaline Province at 15,000 ±2,700 km.

The more mafic silicate rocks of the province originated from small degrees of partial melting in a source region in Earth's mantle made up of garnet-bearing peridotite. The lithosphere had thicknesses similar to present-day (200 km) conditions when magmas originated in the Devonian. Prior to Devonian magmatism the Kola and Karelia region had experienced a long history of low-frequency alkaline and carbonatite volcanism.

The Permian rocks of the Kola Alkaline Province is commonly presumed to represent an igneous hotspot created by a mantle plume. The relation of Kola Alkaline Province to other igneous or tectonic features is not clear. Some have suggested a link to the Permian Dnieper-Donets Rift while others have considered it as part of a much larger a "North Atlantic Alkaline Province".

References

^ Downes, Hilary; Balaganskaya, Elena; Beard, Andrew; Liferovich, Ruslan; Demaiffe, Daniel (2005). "Petrogenetic processes in the ultramafic, alkaline and carbonatitic magmatism in the Kola Alkaline Province: a review" (PDF). Lithos. 85 (1–4): 48–75. Bibcode:2005Litho..85...48D. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2005.03.020.
Arzamastsev, A.A.; Bea, F.; Glaznev, V.N.; Arzamastsev, L.V.; Montero, P. (2001). "Kola alkaline province in the Paleozoic: evaluation of primary mantle magma composition and magma generation conditions". Russian Journal of Earth Sciences. 3 (1): 1–32. doi:10.2205/2001es000054.
Lundqvist, Jan; Lundqvist, Thomas; Lindström, Maurits; Calner, Mikael; Sivhed, Ulf (2011). "Svekokarelska Provinsen". Sveriges Geologi: Från urtid till nutid (in Swedish) (3rd ed.). Spain: Studentlitteratur. p. 253. ISBN 978-91-44-05847-4.

Geology of Fennoscandia

Paleosurfaces

Sedimentary cover

Moraines	Billingen terminal moraine Pulju moraine Rogen moraine Salpausselkä Sevetti moraine Skövde terminal moraine Trollgarden Veiki moraine
Sedimentary rock	Alum Shale Formation Hedmark Group Jotnian sedimentary rock Reusch's Moraine Visingsö Group

Structures

Faults and shear zones	Burträsk Fault Iapetus Suture Lainio Fault Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment Pärvie Fault Protogine Zone Röjnoret Fault Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone South Finland Shear Zone
Large impact craters	Dellen Gardnos crater Granby crater Hummeln structure Lappajärvi Lockne crater Lumparn Mien Ritland crater Siljan Ring Sääksjärvi Söderfjärden Suvasvesi Tvären
Morphostrucures	Central Swedish lowland Gulf of Bothnia rift Lake Inari graben Lake Ladoga graben Lofoten horst Muhos Graben Norrland terrain Omberg horst Oslo Graben Scandinavian Mountains Scanian horsts South Swedish Dome Vättern graben White Sea Rift System

Lesser igneous provinces

Provinces and orogens

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