Krukenberg's spindle - Misplaced Pages

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Krukenberg's spindle

Slit lamp photograph showing Krukenberg's Spindle as pigment cell deposits on the cornea
Specialty	Ophthalmology

Krukenberg's spindle is the name given to the pattern formed on the inner surface of the cornea by pigmented iris cells that are shed during the mechanical rubbing of posterior pigment layer of the iris with the zonules that are deposited as a result of the currents of the aqueous humor. The sign was described in 1899 by Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg (1871-1946), who was a German pathologist specialising in ophthalmology.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

Iritis

Painful red eye with photophobia associated with inflammation

Vortex keratopathy

Corneal deposits also known as cornea verticillata, caused by netarsudil eye drops or chronic amiodarone use for cardiac arrhythmias.

Corneal guttata

Non-transparent collagen deposits appearing following loss of corneal endothelial cells

References

Krukenberg F. (1899) Beiderseitige angeborene Melanose der Hornhaut. Klin Mbl Augenheilkd 37:254-258.
Chew, E; Ghosh, M; McCulloch, C (June 1982). "Amiodarone-induced cornea verticillata". Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. 17 (3): 96–9. PMID 7116220.
Akimune C, Watanabe H, Maeda N, et al. (January 2000). "Corneal guttata associated with the corneal dystrophy resulting from a betaig-h3 R124H mutation". The British Journal of Ophthalmology. 84 (1): 67–71. doi:10.1136/bjo.84.1.67. PMC 1723238. PMID 10611102.

Classification	D ICD-9-CM: 364.53 OMIM: 600510 DiseasesDB: 31301

Cardiovascular disease (vessels)

Arteries, arterioles
and capillaries

Inflammation	Arteritis Aortitis Buerger's disease
Arteriosclerosis	Atherosclerosis Foam cell Fatty streak Atheroma Cholesterol LDL Oxycholesterol Trans fat Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis Hyaline arteriolosclerosis Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
Peripheral artery disease	Stenosis Carotid artery stenosis Renal artery stenosis Aortoiliac occlusive disease Critical limb ischemia Degos disease Erythromelalgia Fibromuscular dysplasia Hepatic artery thrombosis Intermittent claudication Raynaud's phenomenon
Aneurysm / dissection / pseudoaneurysm	torso: Aortic aneurysm Abdominal aortic aneurysm Thoracic aortic aneurysm Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva Aortic dissection Aortic rupture Coronary artery aneurysm head / neck Intracranial aneurysm Intracranial berry aneurysm Carotid artery dissection Vertebral artery dissection Familial aortic dissection
Vascular malformation	Arteriovenous fistula Arteriovenous malformation Telangiectasia Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Generalized essential telangiectasia
Vascular nevus	Cherry hemangioma Halo nevus Spider angioma

Veins

Inflammation	Phlebitis
Venous thrombosis / Thrombophlebitis	primarily lower limb Deep vein thrombosis abdomen Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Budd–Chiari syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease Pulmonary embolism head Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Post-thrombotic syndrome
Varicose veins	Gastric varices Portacaval anastomosis Caput medusae Esophageal varices Hemorrhoid Varicocele
Other	Chronic venous insufficiency Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency Superior vena cava syndrome Inferior vena cava syndrome Venous ulcer

Arteries or veins

Blood pressure

Hypertension	Hypertensive heart disease Hypertensive emergency Hypertensive nephropathy Essential hypertension Secondary hypertension Renovascular hypertension Benign hypertension Pulmonary hypertension Systolic hypertension White coat hypertension
Hypotension	Orthostatic hypotension Shock (circulatory)

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