This is an incomplete list of Kurdish uprisings. You can help by expanding it.
List of conflicts
Date | Uprising | Location | Result |
---|---|---|---|
838–841 | Kurdish Dasni tribe uprising against the Abbasids | Abbasid Caliphate | Suppressed |
955–1071 | War against the Musafirid. | Rawadid dynasty | Victory |
1045 | Battle of Dvin | Shaddadids | Victory |
990–1085 | Kurdish uprising | The Marwanids | Victory, led to the birth of the Marwanids dynasty |
1506–1510 | Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids | Safavid Persia | Suppressed when the Yazidi leader, Shír Ṣárim, was defeated in battle. |
1609–1610 | Battle of Dimdim | Safavid Persia | Suppressed |
1775 | Bajalan uprising | Zand dynasty | Suppressed |
1806–1808 | Baban uprising | Ottoman Empire | Suppressed |
1880–1881 | Revolt by Sheikh Ubeydullah of Nehri against the Qajars. | Qajar Persia & Ottoman Empire | Defeat |
Early March – 4 April 1914 | Bitlis uprising | Ottoman Empire | Suppressed |
1914 – 1917 | Kurdish rebellions during World War I | Ottoman Empire | Establishment of a quasi-independent Kurdish state until 1919 |
1919–1922 – First Mahmud Barzanji Revolt | First Mahmud Barzanji revolt | Kingdom of Iraq | Suppressed |
1918–1922 | First Simko Shikak revolt | Qajar Persia | Suppressed |
1918–2003 | Iraqi–Kurdish conflict | Iraq | Victory |
1918–present | Kurdish–Iranian conflict | Qajar Persia | Ongoing |
6 March – 17 June 1921 | Koçgiri rebellion | Turkey | Suppressed |
November 1922 – July 1924 | Second Mahmud Barzanji revolt | Kingdom of Iraq, Kingdom of Kurdistan | Creation of the Kingdom of Kurdistan |
August 1924 | Beytussebab rebellion | Turkey | Suppressed |
8 February – March 1925 | Sheikh Said rebellion | Turkey | Suppressed |
1926 | Second Simko Shikak revolt | Pahlavi Persia | Suppressed, Simko Shikak flees to Mandatory Iraq |
October 1927 – September 17, 1930 | First, second and third Ararat rebellion | Republic of Ararat, Republic of Turkey | Suppressed, Republic of Ararat disbanded. |
1931 | Jafar Sultan revolt | Iran | Suppressed |
1931–1932 | Ahmed Barzani revolt | Kingdom of Iraq | Suppressed, low-level insurgency continues through 1933, another revolt by Barzanis erupts in 1943 |
1935 | Yazidi revolt of 1935 | Mandatory Iraq | Suppressed |
20 March – November, 1937 and 2 January – December, 1938 | Dersim rebellion | Republic of Turkey | Suppressed, see Dersim Massacre |
1941–1944 | Hama Rashid revolt | Pahlavi Iran | Suppressed, Hama Rashid driven into Iraq |
November 1945 – December 15, 1946 | Iran crisis of 1946 | Pahlavi Iran, Republic of Mahabad | Creation of the Soviet-backed Republic of Mahabad, revolt later suppressed |
11 September 1961 – 1970 | First Iraqi–Kurdish War | Republic of Iraq | Stalemate, led to the Iraqi-Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970 |
1967 | 1967 Kurdish revolt in Iran | Pahlavi Iran | Suppressed |
April 1974 – 1975 | Second Iraqi–Kurdish War | Iraq | Suppressed, the Iraqi government re-establishes control over Kurdistan |
1976–1978 | PUK insurgency | Iraq | Indecisive, led to the Kurdish rebellion of 1983 |
1979 | 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran | Iran | Suppressed |
1983–1986 | Kurdish rebellion of 1983 | Iraq | Indecisive, led to the Al-Anfal Campaign |
15 August 1984 – present | Kurdish–Turkish conflict | Republic of Turkey | Ongoing |
1986–1996 | KDPI insurgency | Government of Iran | Suppressed; KDPI announces unilateral cease-fire in 1996 |
1 March – 5 April 1991 | 1991 Iraqi uprisings | Ba'athist Iraq, Iraqi Kurdistan | Victory; establishment of the Kurdish Autonomous Republic, also known as Iraqi Kurdistan |
March 2004 | 2004 Qamishli riots | Syria | Suppressed |
1 April 2004–present | Iran–PJAK conflict | Iran | Ongoing |
19 July 2012–present | Rojava conflict of the Syrian civil war | Syria | Kurdish fighters have taken control of 365 towns and villages in Syrian Kurdistan and 2 districts in Aleppo by September 2012. |
24 July 2015 – present | Kurdish–Turkish conflict | Republic of Turkey | Ongoing |
19 April 2016 – present | Western Iran clashes | Iran | Ongoing |
24 August 2016 – present | Turkish military intervention in Syria | Syria | Ongoing |
15 – 27 October 2017 | 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict | Iraq, Iraqi Kurdistan | Ceasefire, Iraqi Kurdistan loses territory, including Sinjar and Kirkuk |
See also
- A Modern History of the Kurds by David McDowall
References
- M. Th. Houtsma, 1993, E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936: Volume 4 - Page 1136, Brill
- Hugh Kennedy, The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates The Kurdish dynasties which emerged in the second half of tenth century...the Rawwadids
- Sharaf Khan Bidlisi The Sharafnam̂a Rawwadi Kurds..
- Ian Richard Netto, Encyclopaedia of Islam "There was a succession of Kurdish dynasties such as ... Rawwadids of Tabriz and Azerbayjan"
- "Of the anger and alarm aroused by these proceedings..." persian.packhum.org. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
- "DIMDIM". Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
- "Iranica - Search Results". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. , p.533.
- Meho, Lokman I. "The kurds and Kurdistan: a general background" (PDF). p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-13.
- ^ "Are Kurds a pariah minority?". Archived from the original on 2008-06-08.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kūrdistān § History" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 951.
- Stokes, Jamie (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Kingdom of Kurdistan. Infobase. ISBN 9781438126760. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- Asadi, Awat (2007). Der Kurdistan-Irak-Konflikt: der Weg zur Autonomie seit dem ersten Weltkrieg. Verlag Hans Schiler. ISBN 9783899300239. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- Yusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, ... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...
- Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, p. 211, Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...
- Ayşe Hür, "Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4" Archived 2011-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, Taraf, October 23, 2008, Retrieved August 16, 2010.
- M. Kalman, Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930, Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997, ISBN 975-8245-01-5, p. 105.
- "Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten) Berliner Tageblatt, October 3, 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert."
- "CSP – Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946–2008". Systemicpeace.org. June 12, 2013. Archived from the original on January 21, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
- "The PKK's withdrawal: An historic step". The Economist. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- Letsch, Constanze (8 May 2013). "PKK begins to withdraw from Turkey". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- "Nearly half of PKK terrorists reportedly withdraw from Turkey". Today's Zaman. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- "Turkey: PKK leader calls halt to armed struggle". Ansamed. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- "Cautious Turkish PM welcomes Öcalan's call for end to armed struggle". Hürriyet daily news. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- "Kurdish separatist group leader Öcalan calls to stop armed struggle". Trend AZ. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- "Ocalan's farewell to arms brings Kurds hope for peace". Euronews. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- "Vacuum of uprising gives Syrian Kurds rare freedom". Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2014.