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La Meri
Performing in The Spanish Gypsy in 1925
Born	Russell Meriwether Hughes Jr. (1899-05-13)May 13, 1899 Louisville, Kentucky
Died	January 7, 1988(1988-01-07) (aged 88) San Antonio, Texas
Alma mater	Kentucky Home School for Girls
Known for	Dance
Movement	Folk dance

La Meri (born Russell Meriwether Hughes Jr.; May 13, 1899 – January 7, 1988) was an American ethnic dancer, choreographer, teacher, poet, anthropologist and scholar. She integrated the dance styles of many cultures, most notably those of Spain and India, in her work.

Early life and training

She was born Russell Meriwether Hughes Jr. in Louisville, Kentucky on May 13, 1899. Her family moved several years later to San Antonio, where she began her dance training, studying ballet, Spanish, and Mexican dance forms. She also studied violin, wrote poetry and acted in amateur productions as a child.

She continued her training in Hawaii, where she studied Hawaiian dance, and then New York, where she studied modern dance and ballet. As she began working professionally, she combined acting, singing, and playing the violin in her performances, including in "prologues", the short live stage productions presented by movie theatre owners before the main feature was shown in the silent film era.

Career

Hughes moved to New York City in the early 1920s, where she worked in vaudeville and Maria Montero's Spanish dance company. There she met her agent and future husband Guido Carreras, who arranged bookings for her in Mexico in 1926, Cuba and Puerto Rico in 1927, and Central and South America from June 1928 to August 1929. Hughes adopted the name La Meri in 1926 after a Mexican journalist shortened her name from "Meri Hughes" to "La Meri".

Her early programs included works of ballet and interpretive dance. In the 1930s, she studied with Indian classical dancer Ram Gopal, one of the early pioneers of the dance of India in the west, who toured with her extensively. Throughout the 1930s she toured and studied in areas such as Central and South America, Europe, North Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, India, Burma, Indonesia, the Philippines, China, Japan, Ceylon, and Hawaii. As she traveled, La Meri learned the native dances of the different areas she visited, studying with local dance masters, and acquired recordings of the music and traditional costumes.

She went on to create her own dance works based on the steps and movement vocabularies she learned. Her research into the dance styles of Latin America, Spain, Africa, and Asia allowed her to bring authenticity to the stage in a way that rang true to the roots of each dance style.

When the outbreak of World War II made her international dance tours impracticable, she and her husband settled in New York City, where she and Ruth St. Denis founded the "School of Natya", which is Hindu dance, in 1940. Through the school, La Meri formed The Five Natyas, her first performing company. In 1945 she absorbed the school of Natya into the Ethnologic Dance Center and the Ethnologic Dance Theater, which operated from 1942 to 1956. She also performed at the American Museum of Natural History and presented concert programs of young ethnic-dancers from across the globe. In 1944, she choreographed Swan Lake with the inclusion of Hindu dance movements and hand gestures. She did not change the ballet's music and plot, but added a prologue and a danced fight between the princess and Von Rothbart.

She moved from New York to Cape Cod in 1960, but continued to write extensively and give lecture-demonstrations. While nominally "retired", she founded Ethnic Dance Arts, Inc. and produced an annual summer ethnic dance festival from 1970 to 1979. La Meri also taught regularly at Jacob's Pillow in Becket, Massachusetts and served on its board of directors.

She retired once more in 1980, when she relocated to San Antonio. She died there on January 7, 1988.

Writings

In addition to her memoirs, La Meri published a number of magazine articles and books, including The Gesture Language of Hindu Dance (1941) and Spanish Dancing (1948). The latter book is considered to be a definitive text on the subject of Spanish dance.

In 1938 La Meri published a book Songs and Voyages, with 82 pages of poetry, now very rare. According to the frontispiece, her poetry had appeared in American Poetry Magazine, Literary Digest, Braithwaite Anthology, L'Alouette, The Harp, The Dance Magazine, Independent Poetry Anthology, Lariat, Circle, Buccaneer, Contemporary Verse, Interludes, Gammadion, Texas Anthology, Bozart, American Anthology, Poetry Journal, Bright Scrawl, Unicorn, Home Magazine, Present Day Poets, and Wandering Eros.

Legacy and awards

Overall, La Meri's extensive work in ethnic dance, a term she claimed to have created, earned her the reputation of being one of the foremost experts in the field. La Meri's work helped to inspire other choreographers to show respect for dances of cultures not their own, as well as educating the audience. Her anthropological work embodied the values of each ethnicity she used in her choreography and highlighted the importance of integrity in the dance world.

She received the Capezio Dance Award in 1972.

Notes

1. Some sources give her birth year as 1898, but documents such as the Social Security Death Index list it as 1899.

References

1. ^ Dunning, Jennifer (January 21, 1988). "La Meri, 89, a Dancer, Teacher And Specialist in Ethnic Repertory". The New York Times. p. B5.
2. Ruyter, Nancy Lee Chalfa (October 2019). La Meri and Her Life in Dance: Performing the World. University Press of Florida. p. 2005. ISBN 9780813065113. Retrieved July 30, 2024 – via Google Books.
3. ^ Ruyter, Nancy Lee Chalfa (October 29, 2019). La Meri and Her Life in Dance: Performing the World (1st ed.). Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0813066097.
4. "La Meri photographs". The New York Public Library Archives & Manuscripts. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
5. Anderson, Jack (October 15, 2003). "Ram Gopal, Dancer Who Opened Western Eyes to India, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
6. "Obituary: Ram Gopal". The Daily Telegraph. October 24, 2003.
7. Judy Farrar Burns, "Meri, La", The International Encyclopedia of Dance, Selma Jean Cohen and Dance perspectives foundation, © 1998, 2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
8. ^ Au, Susan; Rutter, Jim (2012). Ballet and Modern Dance (3rd ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. p. 131. ISBN 9780500204115. Retrieved July 30, 2024 – via Internet Archive.
9. "The American Museum of Natural History Presents La Meri and Company with Juana in Around the World with Dance and Song," Program from 1949. Dieman-Bennett Dance Theatre of the Hemispheres records, Iowa Women's Archives, The University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City.

Further reading

• García Martín, Judith Helvia (2021). "Imágenes y sonidos de la danza española por una 'Spanish señorita' de Kentucky trayectoria, repertorio y perfil artístico de 'La Meri'" [Images and Sounds of Spanish Dance By a "Spanish Señorita" from Kentucky: The Career, Repertoire and Artistic Profile of "La Meri"]. In Encabo Fernández, Enrique; Matía Polo, Inmaculada (eds.). Entre copla y flamenco(s): escenas, diálogos e intercambios (in Spanish). Dykinson. pp. 243–262. ISBN 9788413776545 – via Google Books.

External links

• Archival footage of La Meri performing her piece "Hamsa-Rani" at Jacob's Pillow in 1951
• La Meri photographs, 1898-1988, held by the Jerome Robbins Dance Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.

• American female dancers
• Dancers from Kentucky
• People from Louisville, Kentucky
• American choreographers
• 1898 births
• 1988 deaths
• American dance teachers
• Dance writers
• Folk dancers
• 20th-century American non-fiction writers
• 20th-century American dancers
• 20th-century American women writers