| Ladybells | |
|---|---|
| |
| Adenophora sp. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Campanulaceae |
| Subfamily: | Campanuloideae |
| Genus: | Adenophora Fisch. (1823) |
| Synonyms | |
|
Floerkea Spreng. (1818), illegitimate homonym, not Willd. 1801 nor Raf. 1808 | |
Adenophora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, the bellflowers. Plants of this genus are known commonly as ladybells. Most of the species in the genus are native to eastern Asia, with a few in Europe. Many are endemic to either China or Siberia.
Description
These plants are perennial herbs, often with thick, fleshy roots. The stem usually grows erect from a caudex. There are usually several basal leaves borne on long petioles. The leaves on the stem are alternately arranged in most species. Flowers are solitary or borne in cymes. The corolla of the flower is bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular, with five lobes. The corollas of most species are blue. There is a characteristic nectar disc at the base of the stamens.
Species
68 species are accepted. They include:
- Adenophora amurica C.X.Fu & M.Y.Liu – Heilongjiang
- Adenophora biformifolia Y.Z.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
- Adenophora biloba Y.Z.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
- Adenophora borealis D.Y.Hong & Y.Z.Zhao – Inner Mongolia and Hebei
- Adenophora brevidiscifera D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
- Adenophora capillaris Hemsl. – Chongqing, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
- Adenophora changaica Gubanov & Kamelin – Mongolia
- Adenophora coelestis Diels – Sichuan, Yunnan
- Adenophora contracta (Kitag.) J.Z.Qiu & D.Y.Hong – Liaoning, Inner Mongolia
- Adenophora cordifolia D.Y.Hong – Henan
- Adenophora daqingshanica Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
- Adenophora dawuensis D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
- Adenophora delavayi (Franch.) D.Y.Hong – northwestern Yunnan
- Adenophora divaricata Franch. & Sav. – spreading-branch ladybell – Honshu, Shikoku, Korea, Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi
- Adenophora elata Nannf. – Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
- Adenophora fusifolia Y.N.Lee – South Korea
- Adenophora gmelinii (Biehler) Fisch. (synonym Adenophora taquetii H.Lév) – narrow-leaf ladybell, Jejudo ladybell – Buryatiya, Chita, Amur, Primorye, Mongolia, Korea, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
- Adenophora golubinzevaeana Reverd. – Krasnoyarsk
- Adenophora grandiflora Nakai – big-flower ladybell – Korea
- Adenophora hatsushimae Kitam. – Kyushu
- Adenophora himalayana Feer – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tibet, Nepal, northern India, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan
- Adenophora hubeiensis D.Y.Hong – Hubei
- Adenophora × izuensis H.Ohba & S.Watan. – Honshu
- Adenophora jacutica Fed. – Yakutiya
- Adenophora jasionifolia Franch. – Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
- Adenophora khasiana (Hook.f. & Thomson) Collett & Hemsl. (syn. A. bulleyana Diels) – Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
- Adenophora lamarckii Fisch. – Lamark's ladybell – Irkutsk, Altai, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Korea
- Adenophora liliifolia (L.) A.DC. – lily-leaf ladybell – central and eastern Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Italy, etc.) east to Xinjiang
- Adenophora liliifolioides Pax & K.Hoffm. – Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet
- Adenophora linearifolia D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
- Adenophora lobophylla D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
- Adenophora longipedicellata D.Y.Hong – Chongqing, Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan
- Adenophora maximowicziana Makino – Shikoku
- Adenophora micrantha D.Y.Hong – Inner Mongolia
- Adenophora morrisonensis Hayata – Taiwan
- Adenophora nikoensis Franch. & Sav. – Honshu
- Adenophora ningxianica S.Ge & D.Y.Hong – Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia
- Adenophora palustris Kom. – marsh ladybell – Jilin, Korea, Honshu
- Adenophora pereskiifolia (Fisch. ex Schult.) G.Don (synonyms Adenophora kayasanensis Kitam. and Adenophora racemosa J.Lee & S.Lee) – Manchurian ladybell, Korean ladybell, racemose ladybell, Gayasan ladybell – Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Amur, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Chita, Buryatiya
- Adenophora petiolata Pax & K.Hoffm. – Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang
- Adenophora pinifolia Kitag. – Liaoning
- Adenophora polyantha Nakai – many-flower ladybell – Korea, Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi
- Adenophora potaninii Korsh. – Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan
- Adenophora probatovae A.E.Kozhevn. – Primorye
- Adenophora remotidens Hemsl. – Incheon ladybell – Korea
- Adenophora remotiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. (synonym Adenophora erecta S.Lee, Joongku Lee & S.Kim) – scattered ladybell – Primorye, Japan, Korea, Manchuria
- Adenophora rupestris Reverd. – Irkutsk
- Adenophora rupincola Hemsl. – Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan
- Adenophora sajanensis Stepanov – Krasnoyarsk
- Adenophora sinensis A.DC. – Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi
- Adenophora stenanthina (Ledeb.) Kitag. – Mongolia, Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Altai, Amur, Irkutsk, Chita, Buryatiya, Tuva
- Adenophora stenophylla Hemsl. – Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria
- Adenophora stricta Miq. – upright ladybell – Korea, Japan, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
- Adenophora subjenisseensis (Kurbatsky) A.V.Grebenjuk – central Siberia
- Adenophora sublata Kom. – Primorye, Khabarovsk
- Adenophora taiwaniana S.S.Ying – Taiwan
- Adenophora takedae Makino – Honshu
- Adenophora tashiroi (Makino & Nakai) Makino & Nakai – Fukue Island, Jeju-do Island
- Adenophora taurica (Sukaczev) Juz. – Crimea
- Adenophora trachelioides Maxim. – Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Zhejiang
- Adenophora tricuspidata (Fisch. ex Schult.) A.DC. – Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, much of Asiatic Russia
- Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A.DC. – giant bellflower – Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Russian Far East, Siberia
- Adenophora tuvinica Knjaz. – Tuva
- Adenophora uryuensis Miyabe & Tatew. – Hokkaido
- Adenophora wilsonii Nannf. – Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan
- Adenophora wulingshanica D.Y.Hong – Beijing
- Adenophora xiaoxiensis D.G.Zhang, D.Xie & X.Y.Yi – Hunan
- Adenophora xifengensis (P.F.Tu & Y.S.Zhou) P.F.Tu & Y.S.Zhou – Gansu
Uses
Many Adenophora species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.
References
- ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Perry, L. Perennial Plant Feature: Ladybells. Archived 2019-05-09 at the Wayback Machine Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont Extension
- ^ 沙参属 sha shen shu Adenophora. Flora of China.
- Adenophora Fisch. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
- GRIN Species Records of Adenophora. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
- ^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 364. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
- Song, G. and H. De-yuan. (1999). A new species of Chinese Adenophora (Campanulaceae). Novon 9(1) 46.
- YouLi, H. (2010). Resource and utilization of medicinal plant of the genus Adenophora in Qinling Mountains. Medicinal Plant 1(12) 3-6.