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Land O'Lakes Statement

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1967 manifesto about Catholic higher education in the U.S.

The Land O'Lakes Statement of 1967 was an influential manifesto published in Land o' Lakes, Wisconsin, about Catholic higher education in the United States. Inspired by the liberalization represented by the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II, 1962-1965), the statement declared that "To perform its teaching and research functions effectively the Catholic university must have a true autonomy and academic freedom in the face of authority of whatever kind, lay or clerical, external to the academic community itself." In the next few decades hundreds of Catholic schools kept the religious designation but began to operate independently from, and sometimes in opposition to, Catholic teaching.

Background

Several significant events served as background for this statement. In December 1965, St. John's University in Jamaica, New York, abruptly terminated thirty-one professors (most of them teachers of theology or philosophy), without allowing them to finish teaching their fall semester classes, citing their divergence from Church teaching (especially Thomist theology/philosophy). Similarly, in October 1966, four professors of theology and philosophy at the University of Dayton were accused of teaching that was contrary to the magisterium of the Church. A conference on the topic of "Academic Freedom and the Catholic University," organized by Edward Manier and John Houck, took place at the University of Notre Dame in April 1966, leading to a publication of a book on this topic the following year.

Drafting

The Land O'Lakes Statement was drafted by theologian Neil McCluskey at the request of University of Notre Dame president Father Theodore Hesburgh. They helped plan the meetings for the International Federation of Catholic Universities (IFCU), which took place at a University of Notre Dame meeting center in Land O'Lakes, Wisconsin. These meetings culminated with the statement, written by McCluskey, entitled “The Nature of the Contemporary Catholic University,” better known as "The Land O’Lakes Statement." The seminar on the role of Catholic universities was sponsored by University of Notre Dame and was attended by the presidents of the University of Notre Dame, Georgetown, Seton Hall, Boston College, Fordham, St. Louis University, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico. Over a dozen other educators from North American Catholic institutions of higher education were also present. McCluskey was subsequently be named chair of the IFCU meeting at the Lovanium University at Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which released “The Kinshasa Statement on the Catholic University in the Modern World of the IFCU,” as well as the Congress of Catholic Universities' “The Rome Statement on the Catholic University and the Aggiornamento.”

The final Statement was based on background papers by: George Nauman Shuster, John Tracy Ellis, Michael P. Walsh, S.J., Thomas Ambrogi, S.J., Paul C. Reinert, S.J., Neil G. McCluskey, S.J., William Richardson, S.J., John E. Walsh, C.S.C., Larenzo Roy and Lucien Vachon. Most of the final drafting was done by Robert J. Henle, S.J.

Impact and controversy

The statement has had a pervasive influence on Catholic higher education. Within a few years after 1967, a majority of Catholic colleges and universities in the United States dropped their legal ties to the Catholic Church and turned over their institutions to independent boards of trustees.

The Vatican was alarmed. Pope Paul VI informally warned Jesuits: "in teaching and publications in all form of academic life a provision must be made for complete orthodoxy of teaching, for obedience to the magisterium of the church, for fidelity to the hierarchy and the Holy See." The Land O'Lakes statement was repudiated by Pope John Paul II in 1990 in Ex corde Ecclesiae, the apostolic constitution for Catholic universities. Nevertheless, the Vatican and the bishops were powerless to reverse the change in legal status that made hundreds of schools independent of the Church.

See also

Notes

  1. McCluskey S.J., Neil G. (1967). The Land O'Lakes Statement - the Idea of the Catholic University (PDF). Land O'Lakes, WI: privately published – via University of Notre Dame.
  2. "Dissidents Busy After Dismissals at St. John's". The Catholic Northwest Progress: 2. 1965.
  3. Brown, Mary Jude (2003). Souls in the Balance: The "Heresy Affair" at the University of Dayton, 1960-67 (PDF) (PhD dissertation). University of Dayton.
  4. Manier, Edward (1967). Academic freedom and the Catholic university. Edited by Edward Manier and John W. Houck. Fides Publishers.
  5. Wangard, Maureen (2019). "Looking Behind the Curtain: The Leaders and Dynamics That Shaped the Land O'Lakes Statement". Journal of Catholic Higher Education. 38 (1): 21–36.
  6. Reilly, Patrick (July 20, 2016). "The Land O' Lakes Statement Has Caused Devastation For 49 Years". National Catholic Register.
  7. David J. O'Brien, From the Heart of the American Church: Catholic Higher Education and American Culture (1994) p 60.
  8. "The Application for Ex Corde Ecclesiae for the United States". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. June 1, 2000.
  9. Thomas C. Hunt, et al. eds. Catholic Schools in the United States: An Encyclopedia, Volume I (2004) p. 287.
  10. Edward P. Hahnenberg, "Theodore M. Hesburgh, Theologian: Revisiting Land O’Lakes Fifty Years Later." Theological Studies 78.4 (2017): 930-959.

Further reading

External links

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