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Lateral body

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Lateral bodies are structures that sit on the concave sides of the viral core of a poxvirus and is surrounded by a membrane. They serve as immunomodulatory delivery packets, and membrane cloaking to spread poxviruses. They were first visualized using electron microscopy in 1956 and shortly after, it was shown that they detach from the viral core upon membrane fusion.

Lateral body proteins

Lateral bodies are made up of at least three proteins, phosphoprotein F17, dual-specificity phosphatase H1 and the viral oxidoreductase G4. F17 is the main structural protein and may play a role in modulating cellular immune response through MAPK signaling pathways. H1 dephosphorylates STAT1 to prevent nuclear transcription and block IFNy-induced immune signaling. Finally, G4 is essential for viral morphogenesis. Additionally, the proteins packed in lateral bodies are redox proteins, which modulates the host oxidative response impacting early gene expression and virion production.

References

  1. Bidgood, Susanna R. (2019-01-30). "Continued poxvirus research: From foe to friend". PLOS Biology. 17 (1): e3000124. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000124. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 6370227. PMID 30699104.
  2. Bidgood, Susanna R.; Mercer, Jason (2015-08-21). "Cloak and Dagger: Alternative Immune Evasion and Modulation Strategies of Poxviruses". Viruses. 7 (8): 4800–4825. doi:10.3390/v7082844. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 4576205. PMID 26308043.
  3. Peters, D. (1956-12-29). "Morphology of resting vaccinia virus". Nature. 178 (4548): 1453–1455. doi:10.1038/1781453a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 13387736. S2CID 2136476.
  4. Dales, Samuel (1963-07-01). "The uptake and development of vaccinia virus in strain L cells followed with labeled viral deoxyribonucleic acid". The Journal of Cell Biology. 18 (1): 51–72. doi:10.1083/jcb.18.1.51. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2106286. PMID 14024720.
  5. ^ Schmidt, Florian Ingo; Bleck, Christopher Karl Ernst; Reh, Lucia; Novy, Karel; Wollscheid, Bernd; Helenius, Ari; Stahlberg, Henning; Mercer, Jason (2013-08-15). "Vaccinia virus entry is followed by core activation and proteasome-mediated release of the immunomodulatory effector VH1 from lateral bodies". Cell Reports. 4 (3): 464–476. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.028. hdl:20.500.11850/70158. ISSN 2211-1247. PMID 23891003. S2CID 27275011.
  6. Wickramasekera, Nadi T.; Traktman, Paula (July 2010). "Structure/Function Analysis of the Vaccinia Virus F18 Phosphoprotein, an Abundant Core Component Required for Virion Maturation and Infectivity". Journal of Virology. 84 (13): 6846–6860. doi:10.1128/JVI.00399-10. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 2903294. PMID 20392848.
  7. Bidgood, Susanna; Novy, Karel; Collopy, Abigail; Albrecht, David; Krause, Melanie; Burden, Jemima; Wollscheid, Bernd; Mercer, Jason (2020). "Poxviruses package viral redox proteins in lateral bodies and modulate the host oxidative respons". doi:10.1101/2020.12.09.418319. hdl:20.500.11850/559984. S2CID 229293533. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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