| Laysan fan palm | |
|---|---|
| |
| Fan palm on Laysan. Photographed sometime between 1891 and 1893. | |
| Conservation status | |
| Extinct (1896) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Tribe: | Trachycarpeae |
| Genus: | Pritchardia (?) |
| Species: | †P. (?) sp. |
| Binomial name | |
| †Pritchardia (?) sp. | |
The Laysan fan palm is an extinct species of palm, not formally described, but most likely in the genus Pritchardia. Once endemic to the island of Laysan, it had become extinct by 1896.
History
The palm was first mentioned in 1828 by early visitors to Laysan island. Karl Izembek, surgeon of the Russian ship Moller, was the first to write of the species. In 1859, there was an account of only five mature individuals remaining.
By the time the German zoologist, Hugo Schauinsland, visited in 1896, all the palms had been killed. He blamed human activity, citing evidence of palm wood in charcoal. He noticed many remaining stumps, alluding to a population of several hundred decades before. Evidence of the palms was last observed in 1914 as "decaying remains".
Description
The palms were known to be up to 15 feet (5 m) tall. Schauinsland noticed stumps with a diameter up to 50 cm. He was told that the palms had huge fan-shaped leaves, long inflorescences, and long fruit racemes, leading to him identify it as a Pritchardia. The species was once widespread on the island. Dense forests were hypothesized to exist, based on historic palynology.
Few photos of the palms are known to exist, and they are not of sufficient quality to allow identification. No physical collections are known to exist. Based on the photographic evidence, it has been suggested that the species was identical to Pritchardia remota (Nihoa fan palm). Another theory is that the Laysan fan palm was a separate species. That was supported by New Zealand botanist, George Campbell Munro, who studied both the Laysan fan palm and the Nihoa fan palm, and claimed they were distinct. Pritchardia species are known to be highly localized, which also supports the theory that the Laysan fan palm was a separate species.
References
- ^ Lamoureux, Charles H. (15 November 1963). "The flora and vegetation of Laysan Island" (PDF). Atoll Research Bulletein. 97. Washington, D.C.: The Pacific Science Board: 1–14. doi:10.5479/si.00775630.97.1. hdl:10125/582. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- ^ Schauinsland, Hugo H. (1996). "Three months on a coral island (Laysan) . Translated by Miklos D.F. Udvardy". Atoll Research Bulletin. 432: 1–53. doi:10.5479/si.00775630.432.1.
- ^ Athens, John Stephen.; Ward, James V.; Blinn, Dean W. (2007). "Vegetation History of Laysan Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands". Pacific Science. 61 (1): 17–37. doi:10.1353/psc.2007.0001. hdl:10125/22596. S2CID 36142596.
- ^ Christophersen, Erling; Caum, Edward Leonard (1 July 1931). "Vascular Plants of the Leeward Islands, Hawaii" (PDF). Honolulu, Hawaii: Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- Beccari, Odoardo; Rock, Joseph Francis (1921). "A Monographic Study of the Genus Pritchardia". Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. 8 (1). Bishop Museum Press. Retrieved 14 September 2021.