| Leopoldov prison uprising | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Czechoslovakia | Rioters | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Colonel Andrej Sámel | Tibor Polgári | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Initially 217 later, 1006 men | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 11 wounded | 1 killed and 29 wounded | ||||||
Leopoldov prison uprising was the largest prison uprising in the former Czechoslovakia, which took place in 1990. The army was also deployed to suppress it. It was started by the amnesty of Václav Havel. It did not apply to all prisoners. The suppression of the rebellion drew admiration from foreign experts. Nevertheless, some journalists and politicians described the strike against priosoners as brutal, and the commander was dismissed.
Uprising
On 15 March 1990, 217 prisoners in Leopoldov Prison went on hunger strike and pushed the guards out of their accommodation. Soon the number of rioters grew and the prison was overrun with convicts. The leader of the rebellion declared himself the director of the prison. 150 prisoners who refused to participate in the riot were held as hostages. The looting and destruction of the prison began. The security forces were waiting at this time.
It was only on March 28 that it was decided to resolve the situation quickly. The Deputy Minister of the Interior of the Slovak Republic, Andrej Sámel, was entrusted with this. At first he tried to negotiate. Finally, an intervention was made on 28 March 1990 which resulted in a two and half hour battle. 6 armored personnel carriers were also used during the attack. Prisoners used hand-made Molotov cocktails, metal bars with spikes, daggers, machetes, boxers or just razor blades. The attackers had to fight man-on-man. After 2+1⁄2 hours, the prison was occupied by security forces. The damage amounted to almost 30 million crowns at the time, and 5 buildings out of 11 were destroyed.
Aftermath
The court in Bratislava tried 73 prisoners, of which 61 were convicted, 5 were acquitted and 6 were excluded for a separate trial. The sentences totaled 345 years and 10 months in prison. The maximum sentence was 14+1⁄2 years. Lowest 18 months.
On 23 November 1991, 7 prisoners escaped from Leopoldov. One of them was the leader of the Leopoldov uprising Polgári. During the event, 4 guards were killed (3 of them were killed by Polgári himself). They were all caught on the run. Polgári was eventually sentenced to life in prison and is considered a legend among the inmates.
Popular culture
In 2019 Czech-Slovak film Amnesty which was inspired by the event was released.
References
- Šťastný, Jiří (14 March 2010). "Vzpoura vězňů v Leopoldově před 20 lety: plamenomety a barikády ve věznici". iDNES.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- Jedlička, Miroslav. "Věznice Leopoldov - Slovensko vzpoura vězňů - březen 1990 vražda 5 vězeňských dozorců - listopad 1991". kriminalistika.eu (in Czech). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- Poláček, Dan; Švec, Pavel (23 November 2021). "Při útěku z Leopoldova zavraždili pět dozorců. Předcházela tomu nejdivočejší vzpoura". Aktuálně.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- Miko, Martin (15 March 2021). "Vzpoura vězňů v Leopoldově aneb jak se vůdce odboje Tibor Polgári pomstil Havlovi za neúplnou amnestii". G.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- "Na doživotí: Nejbrutálnější zločinci v ČR" (in Czech). Blesk. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- "Do kin míří film inspirovaný vzpourou vězňů po Havlově amnestii. Do Čech se dostane 14. listopadu" (in Czech). Czech Radio. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2023.