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Assyrian culture
Music
Language
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Cuisine
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Religion
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Settlements
List of Assyrian ethnic enclaves
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v t e

The following is a list of historical and contemporary Assyrian settlements in the Middle East. This list includes settlements of Assyrians from Southeastern Turkey who left their indigenous tribal districts in Hakkari (or the historical Hakkari region), Sirnak and Mardin province due to torment, violence and displacement by Ottomans and Kurds in the First World War. Many Assyrians from Urmia, Iran were also affected and as such have emigrated and settled in other towns. Resettling again occurred during the Simele massacre in northern Iraq, perpetrated by the Iraqi military coup in the 1930s, with many fleeing to northeastern Syria.

Most modern resettlement is located in Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran in the cities of Baghdad, Habbaniyah, Kirkuk, Duhok, Al-Hasakah, Tehran, Mardin and Damascus. Few Assyrian settlements exist in Turkey today and also in the Caucasus. The exodus to the cities or towns of these aforementioned countries occurred between late 1910s and 1930s. After the Iraq War in 2003, a number of Assyrians in Baghdad relocated to the Assyrian homeland in northern Iraq. Many others have immigrated to North America, Europe and Australia, especially in the late 20th century and 21st century. Currently, there are a number of settlements on this list that have been abandoned due to persecution, conflict, and other causes.

Iraq

Baghdad Province

Dohuk Province

Erbil Province

Kirkuk Governorate

Nineveh Province

Many families across the globe visit to celebrate events such as Lent (Eid) and the day of Mar Matti  Assyrians from Mosul (known as Mawasli) are Arabic-speaking, their dialect belongs to North Mesopotamian Arabic. Most belong to Syriac churches; the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Syriac Catholic Church, and the Chaldean Catholic Church. A few having converted from Syriac churches to Protestantism starting in the mid 19th century. The majority of Mosul Assyrians migrated south to Baghdad in the 1960s due to political unrest and persecution, (1959 Mosul Uprising). However, Assyrians continued to live in Mosul until being fully driven out by ISIS in 2014. After the recapturing of Mosul, only a few Assyrian families have returned to the city.

Abandoned villages

Iran

West Azerbaijan Province

• Akhtekhaneh
• Anhar
• Armod Agaj
• Ada ܥܕܐ
• Ardishai
• Balanej (Balanush)
• Balowlan
• Chamaki
• Charbash (fa)
• Digala (fa)
• Dizataka
• Gavilan
• Geogtapa populated
• Golpashan populated
• Iryawa
• Khanishan
• Khosrava
• Lolham (Lulpa)
• Mar Nukha
• Mar Sargis
• Margawar
• Mawana ܡܥܘܢܐ
• Mushawa (fa)
• Qarajalu
• Saatlou
• Salmas
• Sangar
• Jamlava (Jamalabad)
• Sarna
• Shirabad ܫܝܪܐܒܕ
• Seir
• Sawraa
• Yengija
• Zoomalan ܙܘܡܠܢ

Urmia County

• Margawar
  • Razhani
  • Nergi
  • Gerdik
  • Diza
  • Gullistan
• Salamas
  • Chara
  • Zewajik
  • Ulah
  • Guliser
  • Khanaga
  • Patamur
  • Sawra
  • Delemon
  • Mahlam
  • Sarna
• Tergawar
  • Anbi
  • Balulan
  • Darband
  • Dastalan
  • Haki
  • Qurana
  • Mar Behisho (Iran–Turkey border)
  • Mavana ܡܥܘܢܐ
  • Salona
  • Shibani
  • Tuleki
  • Tulu
• Sumay-ye Beradust District
  • Urmia
  • Mawana ܡܥܘܢܐ
  • Mushabad (fa)
  • Charbash (fa)
  • Borashan
  • Anhar
  • Gulpashan
  • Gug Tappeh
  • Darbarut
  • Mar Sargis
  • Seiri
  • Shirabad ܫܝܪܐܒܕ
  • Kirakiz
  • Chamaki
  • Kuchiye
  • Nazi
  • Kosi
  • Gangachin
  • Sopurghan

Iranian Kurdistan

• Sanandaj

Tehran Province

• Gisha

Syria

Assyrians immigrated to Syria during the 1930s and 1940s, from northern Iraq, after they were slaughtered and displaced during the Simele massacre perpetrated by the armed forces of the Kingdom of Iraq. Many Assyrians in Syria did not have Syrian citizenship and title to their land until late 1940s. The Assyrians who settled in the Khabour River Valley organized their villages according to their own tribal structure, with each village belonging to a single tribe. As such, each village effectively has two names, the official Arabic name and the unofficial Assyrian name, with the latter being the name of the tribe that built the town.

Al-Hasakah Governorate

Villages in the Khabour River Valley

• Abu Tinah (Jilu)
• al-Kharitah (Tkhuma)
• Qaber Shamiyah (Diz)
• Tell Ahmar (Upper Tyari)
• Tell Arboush (Tkhuma)
• Tell Balouaah (Diz)
• Tell Baz (Baz)
• Tell Bureij (Tkhuma)
• Tell Damshij (Qodchanis)
• Tell Fuweidat (Nochiya)
• Tell Goran (Jilu)
• Tell Hefyan (Qodchanis)
• Tell Hermez (Tkhuma)
• Tell Jedaya (Gawar)
• Tell Jazira (Eiel)
• Tell Jemaah (Halmoun)
• Tell Kifji (Liwan)
• Tell Makhadah (Tkhuma)
• Tell Maghas (Gawar)
• Tell Massas (Barwar)
• Tell Najma (Sara)
• Tell Nasri (Upper Tyari)
• Tell Ruman Foqani (Baz)
• Tell Ruman Tahtani (Tkhuma)
• Tell Sakra (Tkhuma)
• Tell Shamah (Tkhuma)
• Tell Shamiram (Marbisho)
• Tell Tal (Tkhuma)
• Tell Talaah (Sara)
• Tell Tamer (Upper Tyari)
• Tell Tawil (Upper Tyari)
• Tell Wardiat (Tkhuma)
• Umm al-Keif (Timar)
• Umm Ghargan (Tkhuma)
• Umm Waghfa (Upper Tyari)

Cities and towns with Assyrian population

• Al-Darbasiyah
• Al-Hasakah
• Al-Malikiyah
• Al-Qahtaniyah
• Amuda
• Qamishli
• Ras al-Ayn

Villages

• Berabeytê/Berebeyt (ܒܰܪ ܒܝܬܐܰ ,بره بيت)
• Ghardugah
• Khanik
• Kirku Shamu
• Mahriqan
• Qir Sharan
• Safiyah
• Tal Aluw
• Tall Jana
• Tell Halaf
• Tirbekay

Turkey

Diyarbakır Province

• Diyarbakır

Batman Province

• Hesno d'Kefo
• Kafro 'Elayto

Mardin province

• ʼArbo
• ʼAnḥel
• Beth Kustan
• Beth Debe, Turkish: Dibek
• Beth Man’am, Turkish: Bahminir
• Birguriya, Turkish: Birigirya
• Bnebil, Turkish: Benabil
• Boté, Turkish: Bardakçı
• Bsorino
• Chtrako
• Dara, Turkish: Oğuz
• Derelya
• Dayro Daslibo
• Deyrqube
• Ehwo, Turkish: Güzelsu
• Eskikale
• Habsus, Turkish: Mercimekli
• Hah, Turkish: Anıtlı
• Harabale/Arkah, Turkish: Üçköy
• Harabémechka, Turkish: Dağiçi
• Kafro Tahtayto
• Iwardo
• Keferb
• Keferze
• Kelith, Turkish: Dereiçi
• Kerburan
• Kfarbé, Turkish: Güngören
• M’aré, Turkish: Eskihisar
• Ma'asarte, Turkish: Ömerli
• Mardin
• Midyat
• Mor Bobo, Turkish: Günyurdu
• Mzizah
• Nusaybin
• Qritho di‘Ito (Gundeké Sukru)
• Qritho Hanna (Gundeké Hanna)
• Saleh
• Séderi, Turkish: Üçyol
• Zaz

Şırnak Province

• Azakh, Turkish: İdil
• Hoz, in Beytüşşebap
• Meer, Turkish: Kovankaya
• Öğündük
• Sare/Ester/Gawayto, Turkish: Sarıköy

Hakkari Province

The following is a list of Assyrian settlements in the Hakkari region prior to the Assyrian genocide of 1914. The Assyrian settlements in this region were divided into two groups, ashiret and rayyat. The ashiret settlements belonged to the five semi-independent tribes of Tyari, Tkhuma, Baz, Jilu, and Dez with each tribe presiding over its own district. The rayyat settlements were vassals to either the ashiret tribes or to Kurdish chieftains.

Villages in the Lower Tyari District (Ashiret)

• Arosh
• Ashita
• Bet Alata
• Bet Ragula
• Bet Zizo
• Challuk
• Chamba d'Bet Susina
• Chire Rezan
• Geramon
• Halmun
• Hur
• Kurhe
• Karukta
• Lagippa
• Lizan
• Mata d'Qasra
• Minyanish
• Ragula d'Salabakkan
• Shurd
• Umra Tahktaya
• Zarni
• Zawita

Villages in the Upper Tyari and Walto Districts (Ashiret and Rayyat)

• Aina d'Alile
• Bet Dalyata
• Bet Mariggo
• Bet Nahra
• Bet Zraqo
• Chamba d'Bet Eliya
• Chamba d'Hasso
• Chamba Khadta
• Chamba d'Kurkhe
• Chamba d'Malik
• Chamba d'Nene
• Chamba d'Kurdaye
• Dadosh
• Darawa (Ishte d'Nahra)
• Dura Ellaya
• Jemiata
• Khadiana
• Ko
• Mabbuwa
• Ma'lota d'Malik
• Mata d'Mart Maryam
• Mazra'a
• Mazra'a d'Qelayata
• Mratita
• Qelayata
• Resha d'Nahra
• Roma Smoqa
• Rumta
• Saraspidon
• Serta
• Shwawuta
• Siyador
• Zorawa

Villages in the Tkhuma District (Ashiret)

• Bet Arijai
• Gissa
• Gundikta
• Khani
• Mazra'a
• Tkhuma Gawaya

Villages in the Baz District (Ashiret)

• Argeb
• Bet Salam
• Mata Takhtaita
• Orwantus
• Qojija
• Shwawuta

Villages in the Jilu District (Ashiret)

• Alsan
• Ammod
• Bet Boqra
• Bubawa
• Marmuria
• Mata d'Mar Zaya
• Mata d'Oryaye
• Matriya
• Medhi
• Muspiran
• Nahra
• Nirek
• Omut
• Ore
• Samsekke
• Sarpel
• Saten (half Assyrian, half Kurd)
• Talana
• Zir
• Zirine

Villages in the Dez, Shwawuta, and Billijnaye Districts (Ashiret and Rayyat)

• Alas
• Alogippa
• Aqose
• Awert
• Bet Respi (a)
• Bet Respi (b)
• Bet Shammasha
• Chiri Chara
• Chulchen
• Daden
• Dairikki
• Derres
• Golozor
• Kursen
• Mades
• Makita
• Mar Quriaqos
• Nauberi
• Rabban Dadisho
• Saqerran
• Saramos
• Shwawuta
• Suwwa

Villages in the Liwan and Norduz Districts (Rayyat)

• Bailekan
• Billi
• Daira d'Zengel
• Erke
• Gokhikki
• Khandaqe
• Khargel
• Kanunta
• Marwanan
• Mata d'Umra
• Nogwizan
• Parhilan
• Sekunis
• Tel Jeri
• Ulaman
• Zaranis

Villages in the Qodchanis & Siwine Districts (Rayyat)

• Akhwanis
• Bet Hajij
• Bet Nano
• Charos
• Espen
• Karme
• Khardalanis
• Kigar
• Nerwa
• Oret
• Pekhen
• Qodchanis
• Qotranis
• Quranis
• Sallan
• Shmuninis
• Siwine
• Sorlines
• Tarmel
• Tirqonis

Villages in the Chal, Raikan, & Tal Districts (Rayyat)

• Arewun
• Bet Alata
• Bet Aziza
• Bet Biyya
• Bet Daire
• Bet Iqta
• Bet Quraye
• Bet Shuqa
• Erbesh
• Erk
• Estep
• Gebba
• Hish
• Merkanish
• Qo
• Rebbat
• Shawreza
• Talana

Villages in the Gawar District (Rayyat)

• Bashirga
• Bet Rberre
• Dara
• Darawa
• Diza Gawar
• Gagoran
• Karpel
• Khulkhus
• Kiyyet
• Maken Awa
• Manunan
• Memekkan
• Page
• Pa'ilan
• Pirzalan
• Qadiyan
• Qardiwar
• Sardasht
• Sinawa
• Urisha
• Wazirawa
• Zirkanis
• Zizan

Villages in the Albaq, Derrenaye, Khananis, and Artushi Kurdish Districts (Rayyat)

• Alamiyyan
• Ates
• Ayyel
• Barwes
• Basan
• Bet Zeqte
• Burduk
• Erdshi
• Gezna
• Hoze
• Khalila
• Khananis Ellaita
• Khananis Takhtaita
• Kharaban
• Kharalun
• Mar Behisho
• Menjilawa
• Parrashin
• Pusan
• Ozan
• Qalanis
• Sharinis
• Silmuan

Villages in the Shemsdin District (Rayyat)

• Baituta
• Balqan
• Bet Babe
• Bet Daiwe
• Bet Garde
• Bet Tunyo
• Dara
• Daron
• Duri
• Duru
• Gargane
• Halana
• Harbunan
• Isira
• Kek Perzan
• Mar Denkha
• Marta
• Nairdusha
• Qatuna
• Rustaqa
• Sarunis
• Shaput
• Sursire
• Talana
• Tis

Villages in the Baradost, Tergawar, & Mergawar Districts (Rayyat)

• Anbi
• Balulan
• Biteme
• Darband
• Dizgari
• Gangajin
• Gundukmalaya
• Haki
• Halbi
• Hbashkube
• Heshmawa
• Hulutan
• Hurana
• Husar
• Irima
• Nargi
• Pasta
• Qaloga
• Qurana
• Razga
• Rusna
• Salona
• Shaikhani
• Sihani
• Susnawa
• Tuleki
• Tulu
• Urtira
• Uwasu
• Zangilan
• Ziruwa

Villages in the Taimar District (Rayyat)

• Aghjacha
• Armanis
• Gadalawa
• Hawsheshur
• Kharabsorik
• Kharashik
• Khinno
• Pokhanis
• Rushan
• Satibak
• Seel
• Serai
• Toan

Armenia

The Assyrian population in Armenia is mainly rural. Out of 3,409 Assyrians in Armenia 2,885 (84.6%) was rural and 524 (15.4%) urban. According to the Council of Europe European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages there were four rural settlements with significant Assyrian population.

Ararat Province

1. Verin Dvin - Assyrians and Armenians
2. Dimitrov - Assyrians and Armenians

Armavir Province

1. Nor Artagers - Assyrians, Armenians and Yazidis

Kotayk Province

1. Arzni - Assyrians and Armenians

See also

• List of Assyrian tribes
• Assyrian diaspora
• Assyrian people
• Tur Abdin
• Barwari
• Hakkari
• Nineveh Plains
• Nahla valley
• Sapna valley

References

1. Richard Spencer, Iraq crisis: The streets of Erbil’s newly Christian suburb are now full of helpless people, The Daily Telegraph, August 08, 2014
2. Wigram, W.A., "The Ashiret Highlands of Hakkari (Mesopotamia)," Royal Central Asian Society Journal, 1916, Vol. III, pg. 40. -- The Assyrians and their Neighbors (London, 1929)
3. M.Y.A . Lilian, Assyrians Of The Van District During The Rule Of Ottoman Turks, 1914
4. Map of Assyrian villages in Iraq http://aina.org/maps/villagesbyyear.htm
5. Giesel, Christoph (2017). Religious Minorities in Turkey: Alevi, Armenians, and Syriacs and the Struggle to Desecuritize Religious Freedom. Springer. p. 169. ISBN 9781137270269.
6. Information on Assyrians in Iraq
7. Smith, Gary N., From Urmia to the Stanislaus: a cultural-historical-geography of Assyrian Christians in the Middle East and America (Davis, 1981)
8. Dalley, Stephanie (1993). "Nineveh After 612 BC." Alt-Orientanlische Forshchungen 20. P.134.
9. Assyrian villages in Hakkari Assyrian villages in Hakkari
10. Costa-Roberts, Daniel (15 March 2015). "8 things you didn't know about Assyrian Christians". PBS. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
11. ^ The Telegraph: Iraq crisis: The Last Christians of Dora
12. Meho & Maglaughlin (2001), p. 267
13. ^ Eshoo (2004), p. 9
14. OCP Media Network: Assyrian Church Prelates Visit the Historic Village of Sarsing in Northern Iraq
15. Eshoo (2004), p. 8
16. ^ Eshoo (2004), p. 11
17. ^ Eshoo (2004), p. 7
18. Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Baz
19. ^ Eshoo (2004), p. 10
20. Eshoo (2004), p. 13
21. Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Beqolke
22. ^ Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Dere
23. ^ Eshoo (2004), p. 5
24. ^ Eshoo (2004), p. 4
25. Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Ayit
26. Ishtar Broadcasting Corporations: Jelek
27. ^ Eshoo (2004), p. 6
28. Eshoo (2004), p. 12
29. Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Mangesh
30. Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Tashish
31. Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Mar Yakoo
32. Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Shezi or Sheyouz
33. Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Der Shish
34. Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: QaraWola
35. https://www.atour.com/news/assyria/20080813a.html
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74. COE - Ethnic minorities in Armenia

Bibliography

• Eshoo, Majed (2004). Mary Challita (ed.). The Fate Of Assyrian Villages Annexed To Today's Dohuk Governorate In Iraq And The Conditions In These Villages Following The Establishment Of The Iraqi State In 1921.
• Meho, Lokman I.; Maglaughlin, Kelly L. (2001). Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313315435.
• Wilmshurst, David (2000). The ecclesiastical organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913. University of Virginia: Peeters. ISBN 9782877235037.

v t e Assyrian people
Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the Middle East; also known as Syriac-Arameans or Chaldeans
Identity	Assyrian continuity Assyrian diaspora Terms for Syriac Christians	Assyrian flag Aramean-Syriac flag Chaldean flag
Syriac Christianity	West Syriac Rite Syriac Orthodox Church (518–) Syriac Catholic Church (1662–) Assyrian Evangelical Church (1870–) Assyrian Pentecostal Church (1940–) East Syriac Rite Chaldean Catholic Church (1552–) Assyrian Church of the East (1692–) Ancient Church of the East (1968–)
Neo-Aramaic dialects	Sureth Turoyo Bohtan Neo-Aramaic Hertevin Senaya Mlaḥsô Syriac script
Culture	Assyrian folk-pop music Music of Mesopotamia Syriac sacral music Folk dance Cuisine
History (including related contexts)	Ancient Assyria Early Assyrian period (2600–2025 BCE) Old Assyrian period (2025–1364 BCE) Middle Assyrian Empire (1363–912 BCE) Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–609 BCE) Post-imperial Assyria (609 BCE–240 CE) Ancient Mesopotamian religion Arameans Assyrian tribes Classical antiquity Seleucid Empire (312–63 BCE) Parthian Empire (247 BCE–224 CE) Osroene (132 BCE–244 CE) Syrian Wars (66 BCE–217 CE) Roman Syria (64 BCE–637 CE) Adiabene (15–116) Roman Assyria (116–118) Christianization (1st to 3rd c.) Nestorian schism (5th c.) Church of the East (410-1552) Asoristan (226–651) Byzantine–Sasanian Wars (502–628) Middle ages Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia (630s) Muslim conquest of Syria (630s) Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258) Emirs of Mosul (905–1383) Buyid amirate (945–1055) Principality of Antioch (1098–1268) Ilkhanate (1258–1335) Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432) Qara Qoyunlu (1375–1468) Aq Qoyunlu (1453–1501) Modern era Safavid Empire (1508–55) Ottoman Empire (1555–1917) Schism of 1552 (16th c.) Massacres of Badr Khan (1840s) Massacres of Diyarbekir (1895) Rise of nationalism (19th c.) Adana massacre (1909) Assyrian genocide (1914–20) Independence movement (1919–) Simele massacre (1933) Post-Saddam Iraq (2003–) Genocide of Christians by ISIL (2014–)
By country	Homeland Settlements Iraq Nineveh Plains Qaraqosh Alqosh Tel Keppe Bartella Ankawa Shaqlawa Zakho Iran Urmia Salmas Sanandaj Syria Al-Hasakah Governorate Al-Hasakah Tell Tamer Qamishli Khabur Turkey Hakkari Diyarbakır Elazığ Mardin Province Mardin Mazıdağı Tur Abdin Diaspora Armenia Australia Belgium Canada Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Israel Jordan Lebanon Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Palestine Russia Sweden United Kingdom United States Detroit
Politics	Assyrian Democratic Movement Assyrian Democratic Organisation Assyrian Universal Alliance Dawronoye Syriac Union Party (Syria) Syriac Union Party (Lebanon) Syriac Military Council Sutoro
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