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List of Austrian Jews

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Austria first became a center of Jewish learning during the 13th century. However, increasing antisemitism led to the expulsion of the Jews in 1669. Following formal readmission in 1848, a sizable Jewish community developed once again, contributing strongly to Austrian culture. By the 1930s, 300,000 Jews lived in Austria, most of them in Vienna. Following the Anschluss with Nazi Germany, most of the community emigrated or were killed in the Holocaust. The current Austrian Jewish population is 9,000. The following is a list of some prominent Austrian Jews. Here German-speaking Jews from the whole Habsburg monarchy are listed.

Athletes

  • Margarete "Grete" Adler (1896-1990), swimmer, Olympic bronze (4x100-m freestyle relay)
  • Richard Bergmann (1919-1970), Austria/Britain table tennis player, seven-time world champion, ITTF Hall of Fame
  • Hedy Bienenfeld (1907–1976), Austrian-American Olympic swimmer
  • Albert Bogen (Albert Bógathy) (1882-1961), fencer (saber), Olympic silver
  • Fritzi Burger (1910-1999), figure skater, two-time Olympic silver, two-time World Championship silver
  • Robert Fein (1907–1975), Olympic Champion weightlifter
  • Siegfried "Fritz" Flesch (1872-1939), fencer (sabre), Olympic bronze
  • Alfred Guth (1908–1996), Austrian-born American water polo player, swimmer, and Olympic modern pentathlete
  • Hans Haas (1906-1973), weightlifter, Olympic champion (lightweight), silver
  • Judith Haspel (born "Judith Deutsch") (1918-2004), Austrian-born Israeli swimmer, held every Austrian women's middle and long-distance freestyle record in 1935, refused to represent Austria in 1936 Summer Olympics along with Ruth Langer and Lucie Goldner, protesting Hitler, stating, "I refuse to enter a contest in a land which so shamefully persecutes my people."
  • Dr. Otto Herschmann (1877-1942), fencer (saber), 2-time Olympic silver winner (in fencing/team sabre and 100-m freestyle); arrested by Nazis, and died in Izbica concentration camp
  • Nickolaus "Mickey" Hirschl (1906-1991), wrestler, two-time Olympic bronze (heavyweight freestyle and Greco-Roman), shot put and discus junior champion, weightlifting junior champion, and pentathlon champion
  • Felix Kasper (1915-2003), figure skater, Olympic bronze
  • Alfred König (1913–1987), Austrian-Turkish Olympic sprinter
  • Ruth Langer (1921–1999), Austrian national champion swimmer who refused to attend the 1936 Summer Olympics, along with Judith Haspel and Lucie Goldner
  • Fritzi Löwy (1910–1994), Austrian Olympic swimmer
  • Klara Milch (1891-1970), swimmer, Olympic bronze (4x100-m freestyle relay)
  • Paul Neumann (1875-1932), swimmer, Olympic champion (500-m freestyle)
  • Fred Oberlander (1911-1996), Austrian, British, and Canadian wrestler; world champion (freestyle heavyweight); Maccabiah champion
  • Felix Pipes (1887-1983), tennis player, Olympic silver (doubles)
  • Maxim Podoprigora (born 1978), Olympic swimmer
  • Ellen Preis (1912-2007), fencer (foil), three-time world champion (1947, 1949, and 1950), Olympic champion, 17-time Austrian champion
  • Otto Scheff (born "Otto Sochaczewsky") (1889-1956), swimmer, Olympic champion (400-m freestyle) and two-time bronze (400-m freestyle, 1,500-m freestyle)
  • Josephine Sticker (1894-1963), swimmer, Olympic bronze (4x100-m freestyle relay)
  • Otto Wahle (1879-1963), Austrian/US swimmer, two-time Olympic silver (1,000-m freestyle, 200-m obstacle race) and bronze (400-m freestyle); International Swimming Hall of Fame

Historical figures

Politicians

Revolutionaries

Academic figures

Lawyers

  • Fred F. Herzog (1907-2008), only Jewish judge in Austria between the World Wars; fled to the United States and became the dean of two law schools

Scientists

Psychologists, psychotherapists and psychiatrists

  • Alfred Adler (1870-1937), founding member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and founder of the school of individual psychology
  • Anna Freud (1895-1982), Vienna-born child psychologist and daughter of Sigmund Freud
  • Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), Moravian-born founder of psychoanalysis and neurologist
  • Marie Jahoda (1907-2001), psychologist
  • Helen Singer Kaplan (1929-1995), sex therapist
  • Melanie Klein (1882-1960), psychotherapy
  • Heinz Kohut (1913-1981), psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
  • Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957), psychiatry and psychoanalysis
  • Viktor Frankl (1905-1997), psychiatrist and psychologist

Social and political scientists

Cultural figures

Film and stage

  • Rudolf Bing (1902–1997), opera impresario, General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera in New York from 1950 to 1972
  • Fritz Grünbaum (1880–1941), cabaret artist, operetta and pop songwriter, director, actor and master of ceremonies
  • Alber Misak, actor
  • Kurt Kren (1929–1998), experimental filmmaker, director of the avant garde films 8/64: Ana – Aktion Brus, 10/65: Selbstverstümmelung, 10b/65: Silber – Aktion Brus, 16/67: 20. September, and 10c/65: Brus wünscht euch seine Weihnachten (Jewish father)
  • Reggie Nalder (1907–1991), cabaret dancer, stage, film and television actor
  • Joseph Schildkraut (1896–1964), stage and film actor
  • Frederick Schrecker (1892–1976), actor of film, stage and TV
  • Harry Schein (1924–2006), founder of the Swedish Film Institute, writer, chemical engineer
  • Elisabeth Freundlich (1906-2001), playwright and journalist who reported on the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials - Holocaust survivor

Musicians

Composers

Writers

Miscellaneous

Others

See also

Footnotes

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  2. Horvitz, Peter S. (April 2007). The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heroes: An Illustrated Compendium of Sports History and the 150 Greatest Jewish Sports Stars. SP Books. ISBN 9781561719075. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  3. "Diving into troubled waters" Archived 2014-07-07 at the Wayback Machine, Paul Kalina, The Age, November 24, 2005, Retrieved January 1, 2011
  4. "JewishEncyclopedia.com - KURANDA, IGNAZ". Archived from the original on 2004-12-22. Retrieved 8 Feb 2007.
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-10-02. Retrieved 2007-03-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. hojos, Eingestellt von. "Jakob Erdheim". www.1133.at. Archived from the original on 2017-11-14. Retrieved 2017-11-14.
  7. "Dr Koller, discoverer of cocaine as a local anaesthetic in ophthalmology". Archived from the original on 2007-04-27. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
  8. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Linz, Austria, of Jewish parents"
  9. "Lieben". Archived from the original on 2009-10-27.
  10. Archived 2005-04-26 at the Wayback Machine "Growing up in Vienna in a well-to-do Jewish family..." Archived 2006-02-23 at the Wayback Machine "One of the most brilliant Jewish scientists to be driven from Germany by Nazi persecution..."
  12. "Women in Psychology". Archived from the original on 2006-09-06. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
  13. Saxon, Wolfgang (1995-08-19). "Dr. Helen Kaplan, 66, Dies; Pioneer in Sex Therapy Field". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
  14. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Vienna of Jewish parentage"
  15. Gay, Miriam (2007). "Reich, Wilhelm". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 17 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 198-199. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.
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  17. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-13. Retrieved 2007-02-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  19. Biography of Ernest Koliqi, Shkoder.net Authors from Shkodra Archived 2007-03-07 at the Wayback Machine: "Norbert Jokl (1877-1942), the renowned Austrian Albanologist of Jewish origin" Accessed 8 Dec 2006.
  20. Jewish Year Book 1975, p.214
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  23. Evening Standard (London), 24/5/2004, p15: "Born less than a week apart, Adolf Hitler and the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein attended the institution together. There is a haunting school photograph of the young, complex, Jewish philosopher just one row away from the most evil tyrant of the 20th century."
  24. Bing - Archived 2008-07-06 at the Wayback Machine Rudolf Bing... had been born a Jew in Vienna"
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  26. Evelyne Adler-daughter
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  29. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "he described himself as an 'unpious Jew'"
  30. ^ Kreisler - "Jascha Heifetz, Fritz Kreisler, Mischa Elman... were all Jews, too"
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  32. School of Oriental and African Studies, Newsletter of the Jewish Music Institute Archived 2006-08-22 at the Wayback Machine "Erwin Schulhoff, a Czech Jew executed by the Nazis..." Accessed 8 Dec 2006.
  33. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2nd ed., art. "Schulhoff, Julius": "Born in Prague"
  34. Jewish Chronicle, February 16, 2007, p.14: "he carried on as the sole Jewidh conductor of the Kulturbund"
  35. Bach cantatas site Archived 2011-04-12 at the Wayback Machine "The distinguished Czech-born English conductor" Lake Placid Film Forum Archived 2006-05-23 at the Wayback Machine "Walter Susskind, a German Jew" Both accessed 4 Jan 2007
  36. "The Penguin Dictionary of Musical Performers", Arthur Jacobs, ISBN 0-14-051160-1, "Under threat as a Jew from Nazi persecution, settled in Britain, 1938."
  38. Korngold Society Archived 2006-12-09 at the Wayback Machine: "he got thrown out of Vienna because he was Jewish". Jessica Duchen, author of E. Korngold's biography; Korngold Society Archived 2007-02-18 at the Wayback Machine: "BRNO, where the composer was born"; accessed 6 Feb 2007.
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  41. British Concise Dictionary of National Biography
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  50. "Everyone knows Walt Disney's Bambi. Far fewer know that the author of the original book was the Austrian writer, Felix Salten."
  51. "..Austrian novelist and journalist..."
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  56. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "His grandfather Jacob had established the family as one of the first Jewish families to acquire great wealth and social acceptability in Bavaria... His mother came from an Orthodox Frankfurt family and ensured that the children were properly instructed in Jewish matters... He was a citizen of Austria-Hungary at his death."
  57. Jewish Encyclopedia Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine "born June 10, 1759, at Prostiebor, near Kladrau, in the district of Pilsen, Bohemia" accessed 8 Feb 2007
  58. Jewish Encyclopedia
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  61. Archived 2006-04-09 at the Wayback Machine "two Austrian Jewish scholars - Samuel Krauss and Viktor Aptowitzer"
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  63. "Powell's Books | the World's Largest Independent Bookstore". Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2006-10-06.
  64. Archived 2006-12-12 at the Wayback Machine " two lay Jews Ludo Moritz Hartmann"
  65. "Paul Hatvani, a German Jewish refugee"
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