This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "List of British Jewish scientists" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
List of British Jewish scientists is a list that includes scientists from the United Kingdom and its predecessor states who are or were Jewish or of Jewish descent.
Physicists
- Petrus Alphonsi, Spanish (not British) astronomer and doctor
- Edward Neville da Costa Andrade
- Sir Michael Berry, mathematical physicist
- Moses Blackman
- David Bohm, physicist, philosopher
- Sir Hermann Bondi, Austrian-born British cosmologist
- Max Born, physicist, Nobel Prize 1954 (converted to Lutheranism)
- Samuel Devons, physicist
- Cyril Domb, physicist, President of Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists
- Paul Eisler, inventor of the printed circuit board
- Michael Fisher
- Otto Robert Frisch
- Herbert Frohlich
- Dennis Gabor, Nobel Prize for Physics 1971
- Sir David Lionel Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons, scientist and inventor
- Jeffrey Goldstone
- Ian Grant
- Sir Peter Hirsch, physicist
- Herbert Huppert, 1987
- Brian David Josephson, physicist, 1973 Nobel Prize
- George Kalmus, 1988
- Andrew Keller
- Olga Kennard, crystallographer 1987
- Rudolf Kompfner, invented the traveling wave tube
- Hans Kronberger, nuclear physicist
- Nicholas Kurti, physicist, Vice-President of the Royal Society 1965-67
- Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell, physicist and politician
- Henry Lipson
- Sir Ben Lockspeiser
- Stanley Mandelstam
- Kurt Mendelssohn
- Leon Mestel, astronomer
- F.R. Nunes Nabarro
- Rudolf Peierls
- Michael Pepper
- Sir Joseph Rotblat, physicist, 1995 Nobel Peace Prize
- Adolf Schallamach, physics of friction and wear of rubber
- Sir Arthur Schuster
- Dennis Sciama, FRS, cosmologist
- David Shoenberg, physics of low temperatures (JYB 1995 p193)
- Sir Francis Simon
- David Tabor
- Samuel Tolansky, spectroscopist
- Felix Weinberg
- Michael Woolfson, crystallographer, computer simulation 1984
- Alec David Young, aero-engineer
- John Ziman
Chemists
- Herbert Brown, chemist, 1979 Nobel Prize
- Sir Arnold Burgen
- Sir Roy Calne
- Jack David Dunitz, chemist
- Martin Fleischmann, chemist
- Rosalind Franklin, physical chemist and crystallographer, helped discover the structure of DNA
- Eugen Glueckauf
- Sir Ian Heilbron
- Walter Heitler
- Sir Aaron Klug, physicist and chemist, 1982 Nobel Prize
- Harold Kroto, discoverer of buckminsterfullerene, 1996 Nobel Prize (Jewish father; raised Jewish)
- Raphael Meldola
- Alfred Mond, chemist
- Ludwig Mond, chemist and industrialist
- Sir Robert Mond, chemist and archaeologist
- Albert Neuberger, chemical pathologist; father of Prof. James Neuberger, Lord Justice Sir David Neuberger and Prof. Michael Neuberger, and father-in-law of Julia Neuberger
- Friedrich Paneth
- Max Perutz, molecular biologist, 1962 Nobel Prize
- Michael Polanyi, chemist; naturalised British 1939
- Ralph Raphael
- Michael Rossmann
- Jeremy Sanders
- Anthony Segal
- Franz Sondheimer, organic chemist
- Michael Szwarc, polymer chemistry
- Carl Warburg, doctor of medicine and clinical pharmacologist
- Chaim Weizmann, acetone production; first president of Israel
Biologists
- Saul Adler
- Ephraim Anderson, microbiologist
- Charlotte Auerbach
- Dame Val Beral, breast cancer researcher
- Walter Bodmer, geneticist
- Gustav Victor Rudolf Born, professor of pharmacology
- Sydney Brenner, molecular biologist, 2002Nobel Prize
- Leslie Brent
- Edith Bülbring, pharmacologist (Jewish mother)
- Sir Ernst Chain, co-developer of penicillin, 1945 Nobel Prize
- Sir Philip Cohen, biologist
- Sydney Cohen, pathologist
- Emanuel Mendes da Costa, 18th-century botanist
- Raymond Dwek, biologist
- Sir Michael Epstein, co-discoverer of the Epstein-Barr virus
- Wilhelm Feldberg, pharmacologist
- Sir Alan Fersht, protein folding
- Sir Otto Frankel, geneticist
- Ian Glynn
- Professor Sir Abraham Goldberg, Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Glasgow and world authority on porphyria
- Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield, neuroscientist and writer (Jewish father)
- Hans Gruneberg, biologist
- Sir Ludwig Guttmann, neurologist
- Sir Henry Harris
- Philip D'Arcy Hart, medical researcher
- Sir Gabriel Horn
- Alick Isaacs, virologist, interferon
- David Ish-Horowicz
- Sir Bernard Katz, biophysicist, 1970 Nobel Prize
- David Keilin, enzymologist
- Sir Hans Kornberg
- Hans Kosterlitz, pharmacologist
- Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, biochemist, 1953 Nobel Prize
- Sir John Krebs, zoologist
- Roland Levinsky, biologist
- Michael Levitt
- Hans Lissmann
- Joel Mandelstam
- Sir Michael Marmot, epidemiologist
- César Milstein, immunologist, 1984 Nobel Prize
- Leslie Orgel, evolutionary biologist
- Guido Pontecorvo
- Juda Quastel
- Ivan Roitt, immunologist 1983
- Steven Rose, biologist
- Sir Martin Roth, psychiatrist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild, entomologist
- Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild
- Oliver Sacks, neurologist and author
- Isaac de Sequeira Samuda, first Jewish FRS, elected 1727
- Hannah Steinberg, psychopharmacologist
- John Vane, pharmacologist, 1982 Nobel Prize (Jewish father)
- Lawrence Weiskrantz, psychologist
- Robert Winston, Baron Winston, fertility expert and broadcaster
- Lewis Wolpert, developmental biologist and broadcaster
- John Yudkin, physiologist and nutritionist
- Lord Solly Zuckerman, anatomist, evolutionist
Mathematicians and statisticians
- Abraham Manie Adelstein, statistician
- Hertha Ayrton, mathematician and engineer
- Laurence Baxter, statistician
- Abram Besicovitch, Russian-born British mathematician (karaite)
- Selig Brodetsky, mathematician, President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, and President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jacob Bronowski, mathematician and broadcaster
- Paul Cohn, algebraist
- H.E. Daniels, statistician
- Philip Dawid, statistician
- Arthur Erdelyi, mathematician
- Albrecht Frohlich
- David Glass, demographer
- Sir Samuel Goldman, British government statistician
- Sydney Goldstein, expert on fluid mechanics
- Benjamin Gompertz, mathematician
- Eugene Grebenik, demographer
- Steven Haberman, professor of actuarial science
- John Hajnal, demographer
- Hans Heilbronn
- Thomas Körner, mathematician
- Ruth Lawrence, mathematician and child prodigy
- Leone Levi, statistician
- Kurt Mahler, mathematician
- Sir Claus Moser, statistician
- Louis Mordell, number theorist
- Bernhard Neumann
- Richard Rado, mathematician
- Klaus Roth, mathematician, 1958 Fields Medal
- Bernard Silverman, statistician
- David Spiegelhalter, statistician
- James Joseph Sylvester, mathematician
Computer scientists
- Samson Abramsky, computer scientist
- David Deutsch, quantum computing pioneer
- I.J. Good, cryptographer, philosopher of statistics; computing pioneer
- David Levy, computer chess expert
- Leo Marks, cryptographer and screenwriter
- Max Newman, mathematician and computing pioneer (Jewish father)
- Gordon Plotkin, computer scientist
- Leslie Valiant, computer scientist; parallel computation
Economists
- Lord Bauer, economist
- Samuel Brittan, economist
- Charles Goodhart, Bank of England economist
- Noreena Hertz, economist and activist
- Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn, economist: multiplier
- Nicholas Kaldor, economist
- Michael Kidron, South African born Marxist economist, writer, cartographer and publisher
- Israel Kirzner, economist (UK-born)
- Ludwig Lachmann, economist
- Harold Laski, economist
- Alexander Nove, economist
- Sigbert Prais, economist
- David Ricardo, economist (converted to Quakerism)
- Arthur Seldon, economist
- Sir Hans Singer, economist
- Piero Sraffa, economist
- Lord Nicholas Stern, economist
- Basil Yamey, economist
Social scientists
- Roy Clive Abraham, linguist
- Mark Abrams, sociologist
- Michael Balint, psychoanalyst (converted to Unitarianism)
- Zygmunt Bauman, sociologist
- Basil Bernstein, linguist
- Vernon Bogdanor, professor of politics
- Georgina Born, anthropologist; daughter of Gustav Victor Rudolf Born
- Gerald Cohen, professor of social and political theory
- Arthur Lumley Davids, linguist and orientalist
- Norbert Elias, sociologist
- Herman Finer, political scientist
- Samuel Finer, political scientist
- Sir Moses I. Finley, historian and sociologist
- Meyer Fortes, anthropologist
- Eduard Fraenkel, philologist
- Anna Freud, child psychoanalyst
- Norman Geras, professor of Government
- Morris Ginsberg
- Max Gluckman, anthropologist
- Frieda Goldman-Eisler, psycholinguist
- Theodor Goldstücker, orientalist
- Jean Gottmann, professor of geography, Oxford University
- Julius Gould, sociologist (JYB 2005 p249)
- Paul Hirst, social theorist (Jewish mother)
- Marie Jahoda, psychology of discrimination
- Melanie Klein, child psychoanalyst
- Paul Klemperer, economist
- Geoffrey Lewis Lewis, professor of Turkish
- Steven Lukes, political scientist
- Ashley Montagu, anthropologist and humanist
- Nikolas Rose, Martin White Professor of Sociology, LSE
- Isaac Schapera, anthropologist
- Edward Ullendorff, linguist
See also
References
- JYB = Jewish Year Book
Footnotes
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, art. Alfonsi, Petrus
- JYB 1977, p.207
- ^ "Jewish Physicists". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- ^ JYB 2005 p214
- ^ JYB 1977 p207
- "Infinite Potential: The Life and Times of David Bohm by F. Pruyn". Theosophy-nw.org. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "News - Latest breaking UK news". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 November 2005. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Born summary". Groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "physicsworld.com homepage". Physicsweb.org. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- JYB 2000 p212 - list of Jewish Nobel Prizewinners
- "You Won't be Board". Archived from the original on 23 May 2005. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- http://www.dundee.ac.uk/~gjzcallo/pcb%20manufacture.ppt
- "Otto Robert Frisch". Nndb.com. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- ^ JYB 1980 p182
- ^ JYB 1990 p201
- "EJewish.info -". Archived from the original on 16 July 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- ^ "Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "In 1946 Dennis Gabor became a naturalized British citizen."
- "Salomons Family Tree Entry - Salomons Museum - Canterbury Christ Church University". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- JYB 2005 p213, 214
- "Welcome to nginx!". www.royalsoc.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 23 December 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
- Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents in Vienna"
- Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Linz, Austria, of Jewish parents"
- http://www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-924108-2.pdf
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "study at the university was open to him, despite being a Jew ... Kurti became a naturalized British citizen just before the outbreak of the Second World War"
- "Jewish Science and Technology Books: Personalities". Archived from the original on 19 October 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:492
- Who's Who entry & JYB 2000 p211
- ^ JYB 1995 p193
- http://www.pugwash.org/publication/obits/obit-rotblat-press-latimes.ht
- Encyclopedia Judaica, 14:1012
- Encyclopedia Judaica, 14:1578
- Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "son of Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants"
- ^ JYB 2005 p215
- ^ "Jewish Chemists". Jinfo.org. 14 October 1992. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Martin Fleischmann". Nndb.com. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Rosalind Franklin". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- Encyclopedia Judaica 8:262
- "Aaron Klug - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- JYB 2000 p211-2
- "Sir Harold Kroto : Autobiography". Webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 7 May 2006. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- Encyclopaedia Judaica 11:1290
- Encyclopaedia Judaica 4:1298, 12:241
- "AJR". AJR.org.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Mond
- ^ "Jewish Biomedical Scientists". Jinfo.org. 14 October 1992. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:54
- Williams, P (2005). "Max Perutz, a Nobel Prize winner, and Alain Marengo Rowe". Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 18 (2): 138–40. doi:10.1080/08998280.2005.11928053. PMC 1200715. PMID 16200163.
- "Content Frame for the Guide to the Michael Polanyi Papers, 1900-1975 (Inclusive)". Archived from the original on 25 November 2005. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- Dictionary of National Biography
- Encyclopedia Judaica, 15:670
- Friedenwald, H. (1946), Jewish Luminaries in Medical History
- "Chaim Weizmann". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- JYB 1960 p216
- Anthony Tucker (22 March 2006). "Obituary: ES Anderson | Society". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Budabin-Kula Family Collection. : Budabin-Kula family : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive". Archive.org. 1888. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "The Science Show: 19 November 2005 - Tracing genetic history". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 21 April 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- Peter Sommer. "Gustav V. R. Born, The Born Family in Göttingen and Beyond, Termessos Verlag". Termessos.de. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Sydney Brenner | South African History Online". Sahistory.org.za. 13 January 1927. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- The Times, 6/7/06 p34: "A Call by Jews in Britain" (advert signed by 300 British Jews)
- http://hardy.amnesty.org.uk/images/ul/f/famous_refugees_2.pdf
- "Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain". Science History Institute. June 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- JYB 2005 p214, 230
- http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/media/788ywpyvxn1yf4uqva6q/contributions/a/8/q/1/a8q13avg8w7tqwgx.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20061002110639/http://www.science.org.au/scientists/of.htm. Archived from the original on 2 October 2006. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - Jewish Chronicle Obituary, 25 October 2007
- "Brain Teaser - Peter McCarthy talks to Professor Susan Greenfield". Archived from the original on 10 February 2001. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- JYB 1967 p208
- "Paralympics at the Olympics". Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- Encyclopedia Judaica 4:138
- "DR PHILIP d'ARCY HART | Independent, the (London) | Find Articles at BNET.com". Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- "Alick Isaacs: Overview of Alick Isaacs". Scottish-places.info. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- JINFO. "Jews in Biomedical Science". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Bernard Katz". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Jewish Recipients of the Lasker Award in Basic Medical Research". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "dictionary of medical eponyms". Whonamedit.com. 22 November 1981. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- Jewish Chronicle, 8 January 1999, p.6: "Three Jewish knights feature among the New Year honours: ... Nichola Serota ... John Krebs ... Victor Blank."
- "Driving force of city university's growth": Western Daily Press 19 July 2006: "the family is Jewish".
- JYB 2005 213
- "Cesar Milstein". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- JYB 2000 p211
- "Belief - Steven Rose". Archived from the original on 11 April 2005. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- "AJN - Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild". Archived from the original on 27 December 2005. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- JYB 1990 p199, 202, 259
- "Oliver Sacks". Christianity Today. 1 June 2002. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Welcome to nginx!". www.royalsoc.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 23 December 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
- "Helping Hand". Archived from the original on 3 September 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- "Science Line - Biology & Medicine - Careers Information - Professor Lewis Wolpert". Archived from the original on 6 September 2005. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- JYB 1965 p214
- ^ article in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- Death notices in Jewish Chronicle, 15 November 1996 p 31; confirms Sidney Hart was his uncle
- JINFO (8 October 1965). "Jewish Mathematicians". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Brodetsky biography". History.mcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Rita Bronowski - San Diego Jewish Journal". Archived from the original on 27 May 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- "Times obituary". Groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Jewish-books.net - Jewish books Resources and Information". Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- "Jewish Mathematicians". Jinfo.org. 8 October 1965. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Albrecht Fröhlich" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- Obituary, Jewish Chronicle, 6 Oct. 1978, p.32
- Obituary in LSE Magazine, Vol 19 no.2 Winter 2007, p.45
- "Goldstein biography". Groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Gompertz summary". Groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20070928152519/http://www.ehrcweb.org/jobs/Press-Eugene-Grebenik-17668.htm. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 28 January 2007.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - "Contemporary Jewish Demography". Archived from the original on 22 December 2004. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- JYB 1977, p207
- Jewish parents: Stephan Körner (JYB 2005 p215) and Edith Körner
- "JDA - TV Starlett". Archived from the original on 26 October 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Levi, Leone" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 511.
- "What's On: Music, Film, & Things To Do in Liverpool - Liverpool Echo". Icliverpool.icnetwork.co.uk. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Mordell summary". Groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Rado_Richard summary". Groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Jewish Recipients of the Fields Medal". Jinfo.org. 14 August 1942. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Jews for Justice for Palestinians". Jfjfp.org. Archived from the original on 8 December 2006. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- JYB 2007 p. 198
- "Sylvester summary". Groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- JYB 2007 p198
- ^ "Jewish Computer & Information Scientists". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- http://jewish-books.net/findBy_AuthName/find_David_Levy_chess.htm. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - "Leo Marks". Mishalov.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2001. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "News - Latest breaking UK news". The Telegraph. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 June 2002. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Publications | American Jewish Historical Society" (PDF). Ajhs.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Jewish Arts Festival 2003". 25 April 2003. Archived from the original on 25 April 2003. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- ^ JINFO (6 December 2009). "Jewish Economists". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Making Sense of Jewish Stereotypes". Archived from the original on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- Hayek's Challenge: An Intellectual Biography of F. A. Hayek - Pg 145
- The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia, ed Geoffrey Wigoder, 5th ed 1977, p 1182–3
- JYB 1990 p202
- "David Ricardo". Archived from the original on 15 March 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
- Alfred Sherman (13 October 2005). "Obituary: Arthur Seldon | Business | The Guardian". Politics.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- The Economist, 11 March 2006 p95: "born a Jew"
- ^ JYB 2005 p315
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- "dictionary of medical eponyms". Whonamedit.com. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- Madeleine Bunting (5 April 2003). "Profile: Zygmunt Bauman | Books | The Guardian". Books.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/index/DR7JQQP6UTXFG2CK.pdf
- JYB 2005 p223
- http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4987-davids-arthur-lumley
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "Elias, as a Jew, sought refuge first in Paris (1933–5), and then in London (from 1935), eventually becoming a British citizen in 1952"
- Alfred de Grazia (29 September 2006). "12. POLITICAL SCIENCE". Grazian-archive.com. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- Jewish Chronicle obituary, 25 June 1993, p.15
- Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed.
- JYB 1980 p183
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "An unbaptized Jew"
- https://web.archive.org/web/20061109170432/http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/annafreud.html. Archived from the original on 9 November 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - "An interview with Norman Geras". Eis.bris.ac.uk. 11 September 2001. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "You are a Jewish, Zimbabwean, Mancunian philosopher... I have lived in Manchester more than half my life and am very much at home here."
- "HTML Translation of SGML/EAD Document by Tim Green". Archived from the original on 23 December 2012.
- JYB 1975 p213
- Rubinstein, William D.; Jolles, Michael A.; Rubinstein, Hilary L. (2011). The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 336–7.
- Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "of Jewish parentage"
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the only child of prosperous Jewish parents"
- Ben Pimlott (20 June 2003). "Obituary: Professor Paul Hirst | Education". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Jewish Sociologists". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- "Melanie Klein". Archived from the original on 7 September 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
- "The Ashley Montagu Resolution". Montagunocircpetition.org. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.