This is a list of the largest companies of Nazi Germany by employees in 1938.
Companies by employees
The list is based on Fiedler (1999a, 1999b), who compiled data from a variety of sources. Given the shortage of historical employment data some employment numbers are only estimates and some companies might be missing from this list. Employment numbers are including all subsidiaries as long as the parent company is the majority shareholder, that is, holds more than 50 percent of the stock. An exception is Telefunken, which is included in the list as it was a joint venture of Siemens and Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft which each company holding 50 percent of the shares of Telefunken. Employee numbers are not including those employed in foreign subsidiaries. The only three companies in 1938 with large foreign subsidiaries were Siemens with 11.2 percent of the workforce employed abroad, Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft with less than 20 percent and Mannesmann with 10 percent. In 1938 seven of the 100 largest German companies were subsidiaries of foreign companies, all of them included in the list. The seven foreign-controlled companies were the subsidiaries of Luxembourgish Arbed (Felten & Guilleaume, Eschweiler Bergwerksverein and Burbacher Hütte), American General Motors (Adam Opel), American International Telephone & Telegraph (Deutsche I.T.& T.-Gruppe), American Singer Corporation (Singer Nähmaschinen), French de Wendel group (de Wendelsche Berg-und Hüttenwerke), Belgian Solvay (Deutsche Solvay) and Dutch-British Royal Dutch Shell (Rhenania Ossag Mineralölwerke).
| Rank | Company | Employees | Industry |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Deutsche Reichsbahn | 703,546 | Railway |
| 2. | Deutsche Reichspost | 397,890 | Postal administration |
| 3. | I.G. Farbenindustrie | 218,000 | Chemicals |
| 4. | Vereinigte Stahlwerke | 197,000 | Mining and steel |
| 5. | Siemens (Siemens & Halske and Siemens-Schuckert) | 165,975 | Electrical engineering |
| 6. | Friedrich Krupp | 123,408 | Mining and steel |
| 7. | Gutehoffnungshütte | 75,781 | Mining and steel |
| 8. | Vereinigte Elektrizitäts- und Bergwerks Aktiengesellschaft | 72,345 | Mining and utilities |
| 9. | Friedrich Flick KG | 71,408 | Steel |
| 10. | Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft | 65,000 | Electrical engineering |
| 11. | Reichswerke Hermann Göring | 63,000 | Mining and steel |
| 12. | Saargruben AG | 48,448 | Mining |
| 13. | Daimler-Benz | 47,095 | Vehicles |
| 14. | Junkers Flugzeug-und Motorenwerke | 44,015 | Aircraft |
| 15. | Klöckner-Werke | 43,409 | Steel and mechanical engineering |
| 16. | Mannesmannröhrenwerke | 43,000 | Steel |
| 17. | Metallgesellschaft | 41,000 | Metals |
| 18. | Otto Wolff-Konzern | 33,000 | Steel |
| 19. | Arbed | 32,000 | Steel |
| 20. | Salzdetfurth AG | 31,131 | Mining |
| 21. | Hoesch | 30,993 | Steel |
| 22. | Adam Opel | 27,000 | Vehicles |
| 23. | Schering | 26,665 | Pharmaceuticals |
| 24. | Vereinigte Industrieunternehmungen AG | 25,000 | Metals, mining and utilities |
| 25. | Robert Bosch GmbH | 23,233 | Electrical engineering |
| 26. | Auto Union | 22,673 | Vehicles |
| 27. | Deutsche I.T.& T.-Gruppe | 21,000 | Electrical engineering |
| 28. | Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG | 21,000 | Shipbuilding and aircraft |
| 29. | Philipp Holzmann | 20,800 | Construction |
| 30. | Hochtief | 20,425 | Construction |
| 31. | Rudolph Karstadt | 20,000 | Retail |
| 32. | Deutsche Erdöl AG | 20,000 | Oil |
| 33. | Deutsche Werke Kiel | 20,000 | Shipbuilding |
| 34. | Hugo Schneider AG | 19,200 | Arms and ammunition |
| 35. | Deutsche Reichsbank | 18,931 | Banking |
| 36. | Christian Dierig | 18,834 | Textiles |
| 37. | Zellstofffabrik Waldhof | 18,402 | Paper |
| 38. | Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke | 18,297 | Aircraft |
| 39. | Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk | 17,754 | Utilities |
| 40. | Deutsche Bank | 17,462 | Banking |
| 41. | Deutsche Continental-Gas-Gesellschaft | 17,400 | Utilities |
| 42. | Bayerische Motoren-Werke | 16,968 | Vehicles |
| 43. | Continental Gummi-Werke | 16,606 | Rubber |
See also
- Economic history of Germany
- Economy of Nazi Germany
- List of companies by employees
- List of German companies by employees in 1907
Notes
- Fiedler, Martin (1999). "Die 100 größten Unternehmen in Deutschland - nach der Zahl ihrer Beschäftigten - 1907, 1938, 1973 und 1995". Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte (in German). 1. Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck: 32–66.
References
- Fiedler, Martin (1999a). "Die 100 größten Unternehmen in Deutschland - nach der Zahl ihrer Beschäftigten - 1907, 1938, 1973 und 1995". Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte (in German). 1. Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck: 32–66.
- Fiedler, Martin (1999b). "Die 100 größten Unternehmen von 1938 - ein Nachtrag". Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte (in German). 2. Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck: 235–242.