The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Hinduism:
Hinduism – predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Its followers are called Hindus, who refer to it as Sanātana Dharma (Sanskrit: सनातनधर्मः, lit. 'the eternal law that sustains/upholds/surely preserves'), amongst many other expressions. Hinduism has no single founder, and is formed of diverse traditions, including a wide spectrum of laws and prescriptions of "daily morality" based on the notion of karma, dharma, and societal norms. Among its direct roots is the historical Vedic religion of Iron Age India and, as such, Hinduism is often called the "oldest living religion" or the "oldest living major religion" in the world.
General reference
- Pronunciation: /ˈhɪnduɪzəm/
- IPA: hindo͞oˌizəm
- Common English name: Hinduism
- Adherent(s): Hindus
- Sacred language: Sanskrit (sa)
- Sacred sign: Om (ॐ)
History
Main article: History of Hinduism- History of Hinduism in Pakistan
- History of Hinduism in Southeast Asia
- History of Hinduism in Afghanistan
- History of Hinduism in China
- History of Hinduism in the Philippines
Prehistoric
Vedic history
Main article: Vedic period- Historical Vedic religion
- Vedic Sanskrit
- Iron Age in India
- Proto-Indo-Europeans
- Proto-Indo-European religion
- Proto-Indo-Iranian religion
- Indo-Aryan migrations
Denomination
Main article: Hindu denominationsVaishnavism
Main article: Vaishnavism
- Manipuri Vaishnavism
- Bhagavatism
- Vaikhanasas
- Pancharatra
- Thenkalais
- Vadakalais
- Krishnaism
- Jagannathism
- Warkari
- Mahanubhava
- Haridasa
- Sahajiya
- Pushtimarg
- Ekasarana
- Gaudiya
- Radha-vallabha
- Ramanandi
- Kapadi
- Balmiki
- Kabir panth
- Dadu panth
- Pranami
- Swaminarayan
- Ramsnehi
- Mahanam
Shaivism
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- History of Shaivism
- Kashmir Shaivism
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- Agamas and Tantras
- Shivasutras
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Three bondages
- Karma
- Maya
- 36 Tattvas
- Yoga
- Satkaryavada
- Abhasavada
- Svatantrya
- Aham
- Samariscus
- Philosophies and Schools
- Adi Margam
- Mantra Margam Saiddhantika
- Siddhantism Non - Saiddhantika
- Kashmir Shaivism
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Newer movements
Main articles: Hindu reform movements and Neo-Vedanta Further information: Contemporary Sant Mat movements- Advait Mat
- American Meditation Institute
- Ananda (Ananda Yoga)
- Ananda Ashrama
- Ananda Marga
- Art of Living Foundation
- Arya Samaj
- Ayyavazhi
- Brahma Kumaris
- Brahmoism (Brahmo Samaj)
- Chinmaya Mission
- Datta Yoga
- Divine Life Society
- Hanuman Foundation
- Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy
- Advaita Vedanta
- Akshar-Purushottam Darshan
- Bhedabheda
- Dvaita Vedanta
- Integral yoga
- Pratyabhijna
- Shaiva Siddhanta
- Shiva Advaita
- Shuddhadvaita
- Vishishtadvaita
Practices
Festivals
Main article: List of Hindu festivals- Diwali
- Holi
- Shivaratri
- Raksha Bandhan
- Navaratri
- Ganesh Chaturthi
- Rama Navami
- Janmashtami
- Onam
- Pongal
- Makar Sankranti
- New Year
- Kumbh Mela
- Ratha Yatra
- Teej
- Vasant Panchami
Philosophy
Main article: Hindu philosophy- Ahimsa
- Arati
- Āstika and nāstika
- Bhakti
- Bhajan
- Brahman
- Dashavatara
- Deva
- Dhyana
- Diksha
- Guru
- Hare Krishna
- Om
- Japa
- Kirtan
- Krishnaism
- Mantras
- Maya (religion)
- Moksha
- Pancha-tattva
- Puja
- Prāyaścitta
- Rishis
- Sattvic diet
- Supreme Personality of Godhead
- Tilaka
- Yoga
Politics
Hindu groups and political parties
Further information: List of Hindu nationalist political parties and Hindu organisations- Bharatiya Janata Party
- Shiv Sena
- Hindu Samaj Party
- Asom Bharatiya Janata Party
- Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
- Hindu Munnani
- Hindu Dharma Samudaya of Bhutan
- Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party
- Hindu Makkal Katchi
- Dr. Syamaprasad Jana Jagaran Manch
- Bharath Dharma Jana Sena
- Hindu Mahasabha
- Hindu Mahajana Sangam
- Hindu Samhati
- Shivsena Nepal
- Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal
- Rastriya Prajatantra Party
- Hindu Prajatantrik Party
- Siva Senai
- Banga Sena
- Swadhin Bangabhumi Andolan
- Pakistan Hindu Party
- Progressive Reform Party (Suriname)
- HINDRAF
- Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party
- Malaysian Ceylonese Congress
- Malaysian Advancement Party
- Minority Rights Action Party
- Sangh Parivar
- Vishva Hindu Parishad
- Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
- Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad
- Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh
- Bharatiya Kisan Sangh
- Bajrang Dal
- Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh
- Akhil Bharatiya Adhivakta Parishad
- Swadeshi Jagaran Manch
- Deen Dayal Shodh Sansthan
- Bharat Vikas Parishad
- Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam
- Seva Bharati
- Hindu Aikya Vedi
- Ekal Vidyalaya
- Saraswati Shishu Mandir
- Vidya Bharati Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Sansthan
- Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram
- Friends of Tribals Society
- Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana
- India Development and Relief Fund
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Organisations
- Survey of Hindu organisations
- ISKCON
- Swaminarayan Sampraday
- Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha
- Arya Samaj
- Ramakrishna Mission
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- Theosophical Society of the Arya Samaj
- Trust deed of Brahmo Sabha
- Hindu Sewa Parishad
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- Saiva Siddhanta Church
- Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha
- Sanatan Sanstha
- Santhigiri Ashram
- Sathya Sai Organization
- Satsang (Deoghar)
- Science of Identity Foundation
- Science of Spirituality (a.k.a. Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission)
- Self-Realization Fellowship
- Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha
- Siddha Yoga Dham Associates Foundation
- Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres
- Society of Abidance in Truth
- Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
- Sri Aurobindo Ashram
- Sri Chinmoy Centres
- Sri Ramana Ashram
- Sri Sri Radha Govindaji Trust
- Sringeri Sharada Peetham
- Swadhyay Parivar
- Swaminarayan Mandir Vasna Sanstha
- Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat
- Vishwa Nirmala Dharma
Hindu texts
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Vedas
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| Itihasa |
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Shastras and sutras
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Vedas
Main article: VedasUpanishads
Main article: Upanishads108 Upanishads
- The 108 Upanishads
- Isha
- Kena
- Katha
- Prashna
- Mundaka
- Mandukya
- Taittiriya
- Aitareya
- Chandogya
- Brihadaranyaka
- Brahma
- Kaivalya
- Jabala
- Shvetashvatara
- Hamsa
- Aruneya
- Garbha
- Narayana
- Paramahamsa
- Amritabindu
- Amritanada
- Atharvashiras
- Atharvashikha
- Maitrayaniya
- Kaushitaki
- Brihajjabala
- Nrisimha Tapaniya
- Kalagni Rudra
- Maitreya
- Subala
- Kshurika
- Mantrika
- Sarvasara
- Niralamba
- Shukarahasya
- Vajrasuchi
- Tejobindu
- Nadabindu
- Dhyanabindu
- Brahmavidya
- Yogatattva
- Atmabodha
- Naradaparivrajaka
- Trishikhi-brahmana
- Sita
- Yogachudamani
- Nirvana
- Mandala-brahmana
- Dakshinamurti
- Sharabha
- Skanda
- Mahanarayana
- Advayataraka
- Rama Rahasya
- Ramatapaniya
- Vasudeva
- Mudgala
- Shandilya
- Paingala
- Bhikshuka
- Maha
- Sariraka
- Yogashikha
- Turiyatita
- Sannyasa
- Paramahamsaparivrajaka
- Akshamalika
- Avyakta
- Ekakshara
- Annapurna
- Surya
- Akshi
- Adhyatma
- Kundika
- Savitri
- Atma
- Pashupatabrahma
- Parabrahma
- Avadhuta
- Tripuratapini
- Devi
- Tripura
- Kathashruti
- Bhavana
- Rudrahridaya
- Yoga-Kundalini
- Bhasma
- Rudraksha
- Ganapati
- Darshana
- Tarasara
- Mahavakya
- Pancabrahma
- Pranagnihotra
- Gopala-Tapani
- Krishna
- Yajnavalkya
- Varaha
- Shatyayaniya
- Hayagriva
- Dattatreya
- Garuda
- Kali-Santarana
- Jabali
- Saubhagyalakshmi
- Sarasvati-rahasya
- Bahvricha
- Muktikā
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Rig Vedic
Sama Vedic
Yajur Vedic
Atharava Vedic
Vedangas
Main article: VedangaPuranas
Main article: PuranasBrahma Puranas
Vaishnava Puranas
Shaiva Puranas
Shastras and Sutras
Main articles: Shastra and Sutra- Dharma Shastra
- Artha Shastra
- Kamasutra
- Brahma Sutras
- Samkhya Sutras
- Mimamsa Sutras
- Nyāya Sūtras
- Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
- Yoga Sutras
- Pramana Sutras
- Charaka Samhita
- Sushruta Samhita
- Natya Shastra
- Vastu Shastra
- Panchatantra
- Divya Prabandha
- Tirumurai
- Ramcharitmanas
- Yoga Vasistha
- Swara yoga
- Shiva Samhita
- Gheranda Samhita
- Panchadasi
- Vedantasara
- Stotra
Literary texts
Hindu people
Freedom fighters
- Pazhassi Raja
- Mangal Pandey
- Chandrashekhar Azad
- Subhas Chandra Bose
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
- Lokmanya Tilak
- Mahatma Gandhi
Social leaders
Politicians
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Vallabhbhai Patel
- Lal Bahadur Shastri
- Rajiv Gandhi
- Indira Gandhi
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- Lal Krishna Advani
- Balasaheb Thackeray
- Yogi Adityanath
- Govindacharya
- Narendra Modi
- Uma Bharti
- Himanta Biswa Sarma
- Rajnath Singh
Other terms and concepts
Inter-religious
Main article: Hinduism and other religions| Hinduism and other religions |
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| Abrahamic religions |
| Hinduism and... |
- Hinduism and Buddhism
- Hinduism and Jainism
- Hinduism and Sikhism
- Hinduism and Islam
- Hinduism and Christianity
- Hinduism and Judaism
Further reading
- Dowson, John (1888). A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature. Trubner & Co., London.
- Klostermaier, Klaus K. (1994). A Survey of Hinduism: First Edition. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-807-2.
- Osborne, E (2005). Accessing R.E. Founders & Leaders, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism Teacher's Book Mainstream. Folens Limited.
References
- Hinduism is variously defined as a "religion", "set of religious beliefs and practices", "religious tradition" etc. For a discussion on the topic, see: "Establishing the boundaries" in Gavin Flood (2003), pp. 1-17. René Guénon in his Introduction to the Study of the Hindu doctrines (1921 ed.), Sophia Perennis, ISBN 0-900588-74-8, proposes a definition of the term "religion" and a discussion of its relevance (or lack of) to Hindu doctrines (part II, chapter 4, p. 58).
- A Historical-developmental study of classical Indian philosophy of morals Archived 2023-07-03 at the Wayback Machine, Rajendra Prasad, Centre for Studies in Civilizations (Delhi, India), Concept Publishing Company, 2009, ISBN 81-8069-595-6, ISBN 978-81-8069-595-7
- Hinduism that is Sanatana Dharma, R. S. Nathan, Chinmaya Mission, 1989, ISBN 81-7597-065-0, ISBN 978-81-7597-065-6
- A conceptual-analytic study of classical Indian philosophy of morals Archived 2023-07-03 at the Wayback Machine, Rajendra Prasad, from preface of the book Archived 2023-07-03 at the Wayback Machine, Centre for Studies in Civilizations (Delhi, India), Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy, and Culture. Sub Project: Consciousness, Science, Society, Value, and Yoga, Concept Publishing Company, 2008, ISBN 81-8069-544-1, ISBN 978-81-8069-544-5
- The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Ed. John Bowker. Oxford University Press, 2000;
- The term "Dharma" connotes much more than simply "law". It is not only the doctrine of religious and moral rights, but also the set of religious duties, social order, right conduct and virtuous things and deeds. As such Dharma is the Code of Ethics. Archived 2011-08-11 at the Wayback Machine The modern use of the term can be traced to late 19th century Hindu reform movements (J. Zavos, Defending Hindu Tradition: Sanatana Dharma as a Symbol of Orthodoxy in Colonial India, Religion (Academic Press), Volume 31, Number 2, April 2001, pp. 109-123; see also R. D. Baird, "Swami Bhaktivedanta and the Encounter with Religions", Modern Indian Responses to Religious Pluralism, edited by Harold Coward, State University of New York Press, 1987); less literally also rendered "eternal way" (so Harvey, Andrew (2001), Teachings of the Hindu Mystics, Boulder: Shambhala, xiii, ISBN 1-57062-449-6). See also René Guénon, Introduction to the Study of the Hindu Doctrines (1921 ed.), Sophia Perennis, ISBN 0-900588-74-8, part III, chapter 5 "The Law of Manu", p. 146. On the meaning of the word "Dharma", see also René Guénon, Studies in Hinduism, Sophia Perennis, ISBN 978-0-900588-69-3, chapter 5, p. 45
- Osborne 2005, p. 9
- D. S. Sarma, Kenneth W. Morgan, The Religion of the Hindus, 1953
- Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia, Merriam-Webster, 2000, p. 751
- in the world.Laderman, Gary (2003), Religion and American Cultures: An Encyclopedia of Traditions, Diversity, and Popular Expressions, Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, p. 119, ISBN 1-57607-238-X,
world's oldest living civilization and religion
- Turner, Jeffrey S. (1996), Encyclopedia of relationships across the lifespan, Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, pp. 359, ISBN 0-313-29576-X,
It is also recognized as the oldest major religion in the world
- Klostermaier 1994, p. 1
External links
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