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List of LGBT-related cases before international courts and quasi-judicial bodies

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This list contains cases of the European Commission of Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR) and United Nations Human Rights Committee (UN HRC) related to LGBTQ people. According to one study of the European human rights system, recognition of an LGBT right by the ECtHR increased the likelihood that other countries in the Council of Europe would adopt the LGBT right as policy.

Council of Europe

European Commission of Human Rights

This table is for cases heard only by the European Commission of Human Rights, a human rights body of the Council of Europe disbanded in 1998. Cases heard by the commission and subsequently the European Court of Human Rights are listed in the next table. Both the commission and the court interpret the European Convention on Human Rights.

Date of ruling Case Notes Outcome
1955 W. B. v. Germany (no. 104/55) Criminalization of sex between men Inadmissible
1975, September X. v. Germany (5935/72) Criminalization of sex between men Inadmissible
1977, December X. v. Germany (no. 6699/74) Gender reassignment and its consequences Friendly settlement
1982, May X. Ltd. and Y. v. United Kingdom (no. 8710/79) Freedom of assembly, expression and association Inadmissible
1983, May X. and Y. v. United Kingdom (9369/81) Deportation of one member of a same-sex couple Inadmissible
1983, October B. v. United Kingdom (9237/81) Criminalization of homosexual acts between soldiers Inadmissible
1986, May S. v. United Kingdom (11716/85) Right to remain in a tenancy after partner's death Inadmissible
1986, July Johnson v. United Kingdom Criminalization of homosexual sex parties Inadmissible
1987, July W. J. and D. P. v. United Kingdom Deportation of one member of a same-sex couple Inadmissible
1988, March F v. Switzerland (no. 11680/85) Criminalization or detention Inadmissible
1988, May Morissens v. Belgium (no. 11389/85) Freedom of assembly, expression and association Inadmissible
1988, December James v. United Kingdom (no. 10622/83) Gender reassignment and its consequences No violation
1989, March W. v. United Kingdom (no. 11095/84) Gender reassignment and its consequences No violation
1989, October C. and L. M. v. United Kingdom (no. 14753/89) Residence permits, asylum and extradition Inadmissible
1989, November Eriksson and Goldschmidt v. Sweden (no. 14573/89) Refusal of marriage of transgender woman to another woman Inadmissible
1990 Z.B. v. United Kingdom (16106/90) Residence permits, asylum and extradition Inadmissible
1992 Kerkhoven and Hinke v. Netherlands (15666/89) Refusal of second parent adoption to a lesbian couple Inadmissible
1992 Zukrigl v. Austria (17279/90) Age of consent Inadmissible
1995 Wilde, Greenhalgh and Parry v. United Kingdom (22382/93) Age of consent Struck out due to change in UK law
1995 H.F. v. Austria (22646/93) Age of consent Inadmissible
1996 Röösli v. Germany (28318/95) Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits Inadmissible
1997 Marangos v. Cyprus (31106/96) Criminalization of sex between men Violation of article 8 based on the court's finding in Modinos v. Cyprus
1997 L.F. v. Ireland (28154/95) Gender reassignment and its consequences Inadmissible
1997 X.,Y. and Z. v. United Kingdom Gender reassignment and its consequences None
1997 Roetzheim v. Germany Gender reassignment and its consequences Inadmissible
1998 Sobhani v. Sweden (No. 32999/96) Residence permits, asylum and extradition Struck out
1998 Kara v. United Kingdom Dress code Inadmissible

European Court of Human Rights

A 2021 examination of the ECtHR's rulings on people seeking asylum on the grounds of their sexual orientation between 1990 and 2019 found that of 23 cases, 20 were declared inadmissible, 2 were denied, and one violation was found. This does not count cases that were struck out.

Concluded cases

Date of ruling Case Notes Articles violated
1978, October X. v. United Kingdom (7215/75) Age of consent None
1980, November Van Oosterwijck v. Belgium (7654/76) Gender reassignment and its consequences 8 (family and private life)
1981, October Dudgeon v. United Kingdom (no. 7525/76) Criminalization 8
1986, October Rees v. United Kingdom (9532/81) Gender reassignment and its consequences None
1988, May Müller and Others v. Switzerland (no. 10737/84) Freedom of assembly, expression and association None
1988, October Norris v. Ireland (no. 10581/83) Criminalization 8
1990 Cossey v. United Kingdom Refusal of marriage between transgender woman and a man 8 and 12 (right to marry)
1992 B. v. France Gender reassignment and its consequences 8
1992 Scherer v. Switzerland Criminal conviction for private screenings of homosexual pornography Struck out
1993 Modinos v. Cyprus (no. 15070/89) Criminalization of sex between men 8
1996, November Wingrove v. United Kingdom (17419/90) Freedom of assembly, expression and association None
1997, January Laskey, Jaggard and Brown v. United Kingdom (nos. 21627/93, 21826/93 and 21974/93) Criminalization of sadomasochistic homosexual sex occasioning actual bodily harm None
1998 Sheffield and Horsham v. the United Kingdom Gender reassignment and its consequences None
1999, September Smith and Grady v. United Kingdom (nos. 33985/96, 33986/96), joined with Lustig-Prean and Beckett v United Kingdom (nos. 31417/96, 32377/96) Dismissal of homosexual personnel from military service 8
1999, December Salgueiro da Silva Mouta v. Portugal (no. 33290/96) Adoption, parental rights and obligations 14 in conjunction with 8
2000, March Craig v. United Kingdom (no. 45396/99) Adoption, parental rights and obligations Inadmissible
2000, July A.D.T. v. United Kingdom Criminalization of group sex between men 8
2001, March Sutherland v. United Kingdom Age of consent Struck out due to change in the law
2001, May Mata Estevez v. Spain (no. 56501/00) Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits Inadmissible
2001 Morris v. United Kingdom Age of consent Struck out due to change in the law
2002, February Fretté v. France (no 36515/97) Adoption, parental rights and obligations 6
2002, July Christine Goodwin v. United Kingdom (no 28957/95) Gender reassignment and its consequences 8 and 12
2002 I. v. United Kingdom Gender reassignment and its consequences 8 and 12
2002 Tosto v. Italy Blood donation Struck out
2002, October Beck, Copp and Bazeley v. the United Kingdom (nos. 48535/99, 48536/99, 48537/99) Military service 8 and 13
2002, October Perkins and R. v. the United Kingdom (nos. 43208/98, 44875/98) Military service 8
2003, January S. L. v. Austria (no. 45330/99) Age of consent 14 in conjunction with 8
2003, January L. and V. v. Austria (nos. 39392/98, 39829/98) Age of consent 14 in conjunction with 8
2003 July Karner v. Austria (no. 40016/98) Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits 14 in conjunction with 8
2003 Van Kück v. Germany Gender reassignment and its consequences 6 and 8
2003 Brown v. United Kingdom Military service Struck out
2004, February B.B. v. United Kingdom (no. 53760/00) Age of consent 14 in conjunction with 8
2004 F. v. United Kingdom (17341/03) Residence permits, asylum and extradition Inadmissible
2004 Woditschka and Wilfling v. Austria Age of consent 14 in conjunction with 8
2004 I. I. N. v. The Netherlands (2035/04) Residence permits, asylum and extradition Inadmissible
2005 Ladner v. Austria Age of consent 14 in conjunction with 8
2005 Wolfmeyer v. Austria Age of consent 14 in conjunction with 8
2005 H. G. and G. B. v. Austria Age of consent
2006 Grant v. United Kingdom Gender reassignment and its consequences
2006 R.H. v. Austria Age of consent
2006 Parry v. United Kingdom Gender reassignment and its consequences
2006 R. and F. v. United Kingdom Gender reassignment and its consequences
2007 Bączkowski and Others v. Poland (no. 1543/06) Ban of a gay pride parade in Warsaw 11 (freedom of assembly and association), 13 and 14
2007 L. v. Lithuania Gender reassignment and its consequences 8
2008, January E.B. v. France (no. 43546/02) Adoption, parental rights and obligations
2008 Courten v. United Kingdom Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2008, December Stavros Marangos v. Cyprus (no. 12846/05) Military service
2009 Schlumpf v. Switzerland Gender reassignment and its consequences
2009, June Small v. the United Kingdom (no. 7330/06) Age of consent
2009, June Hunt and Miller v. the United Kingdom (nos. 10578/05 and 10605/05) Military service
2009 M.W. v. United Kingdom Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2010, March Kozak v. Poland (no. 13102/02) Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
24 June 2010 Schalk and Kopf v. Austria (no. 30141/04) Registration of partnership None
2010, July P.B. and J.S. v. Austria (no. 18984/02) Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2010, September J. M. v. The United Kingdom (no. 37060/06) Adoption, parental rights and obligations
2010, September dos Santos Couto v. Portugal (no. 31874/07) Age of consent
2010, October Alekseyev v. Russia (no. 4916/07, 25924/08, 14599/09) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2010, November P. V. v. Spain (no. 35159/09) Gender reassignment and its consequences
2011, February R.A. v. France (no. 49718/09) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2011, May D.B.N. v. United Kingdom (26550/10)
2011, October Stasi v. France (no. 25001/07) Violence and lack of investigation thereof None
2011, September P. v. Portugal (no. 56027/09) Gender reassignment and its consequences
2012, February Vejdeland and others v. Sweden Conviction for distributing anti-gay leaflets at a school None
2012, March Gas and Dubois v. France (no. 25951/07) Adoption, parental rights and obligations
2012, July A. S. B. v. the Netherlands Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2012, June Genderdoc-M. v. Moldova (no. 9106/06) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2012, June K.N. v. France 47129/09
2012, July A. K. v. Poland (no. 7705/05) Gender reassignment and its consequences
2012, Zontul v. Greece
2012, October Molnar v. Romania (no. 16637/06). Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2012, October X. v. Turkey (no. 24626/09) Extended solitary confinement of a homosexual detainee 14 in conjunction with 3
2012, November and
2014, July 		H. v. Finland
Hämäläinen v. Finland (no. 37359/09) 		Gender reassignment and its consequences
2013, January Eweida and Others v. United Kingdom (nos. 48420/10, 59842/10, 51671/10 and 36516/10)
(see Ladele v London Borough of Islington and McFarlane v Relate Avon Ltd) 		Personal refusal of services
2013, February X and Others v. Austria Adoption, parental rights and obligations 14 in conjunction with 8
2013, June M.K.N. v. Sweden Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2013, July Cassar v. Malta (no. 36982/11) Gender reassignment and its consequences
2013, November E.B. and Others v. Austria (no. 48098/07) Age of consent 14 in conjunction with 8, 13
2013, October Georgescu v. Romania (no. 4867/03) Inadmissible
7 November 2013 Vallianatos and Others v. Greece (nos. 29381/09, 32684/09) Registration of partnership 14 in conjunction with 8
2014, March F. J. and E.B. against Austria
2014, April Mladina d.d. Ljubljana v Slovenia
2014, April and
2015, April 		M. E. v. Sweden Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2015, January Kostadinov v. Bulgaria (no. 37124/10) 6
2015, March Y.Y. v. Turkey (no. 14793/08) Gender reassignment and its consequences
2015, May Identoba and Others v. Georgia Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2015, July Oliari and Others v. Italy Registration of partnership 8
2015, September A.E. v. Finland (no. 30953/11) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2016, February Pajić v. Croatia Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2016, March Novruk and Other v. Russia Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2016, April M.C. and A.C. v Romania (no. 12060/12) Failure to adequately investigate homophobic attack on participants in pride parade 3 in conjunction with 14
2016, 19 April A. N. v. France Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2016, June Chapin and Charpentier v. France Registration of partnership
2016, June Aldeguer Tomás v. Spain Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2016, June Taddeucci and McCall v. Italy Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2016, 5 July O.M. v. Hungary (no. 9912/15) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2016, November Kaos GL v. Turkey Confiscation of a gay and lesbian magazine 10
2016, 13 December M.B. v. Spain (no. 15109/15) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2017, 3 January H.A. and H.A. v. Norway (no. 56167/16) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2017, February Yefremenkova and Others v. Russia (no. 19700/11) & Nepomnyashchiy v. Russia (no. 51169/10) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2017, 25 April A.T. v. Sweden (no. 78791/14) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2017, April A. P., Garçon and Nicot v. France (nos. 79885/12, 52471/13 and 52596/13) Gender reassignment and its consequences
2017, June Bayev and Others v. Russia (nos. 67667/09, 44092/12 and 56717/12) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2017, 26 September E.S. v. Spain (no. 13273/16) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2017, December Francesca Orlandi and Others v. Italy (no. 26431/12) Registration of partnership
2017, 28 November M.B. v. Netherlands (no. 63890/16) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2017, 19 December I.K. v. Switzerland (no. 21417/17) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2018, January Hallier and Lucas v. France (no. 46386/10) Adoption, parental rights and obligations
2018, February Bonnaud and Lecoq v. France (no. 6190/11) Adoption, parental rights and obligations
2018, 27 March M.T. v. France (no. 61145/16) Residence permits, asylum and extradition Struck out
2018, 2 October Khudoberdi Turgunaliyevich Nurmatov v. Russia (no. 56368/17) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2018, November Alekseyev and Others v. Russia (nos. 14988/09 and others) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2019, 17 January A.R.B. v. Netherlands (no. 8108/18) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2019, July Zhdanov and Others v. Russia (nos. 12200/08, 35949/11, 58282/12) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2019, 12 November S.A.C. v. United Kingdom (no. 31428/18) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2020, January Beizaras and Levickas v. Lithuania No. 41288/15 Failure to investigate threatening comments posted on Facebook 14 in conjunction with 8, 13
2020, June Lilliendahl v. Iceland (29297/18) The applicant was fined for homophobic hate speech None
2020, 6 July Rana v. Hungary (no. 40888/17) Residence permits, asylum and extradition; Gender reassignment and its consequences
2020, 9 July Y.T. v. Bulgaria (41701/16) Refusal of legal gender reassignment 8
2020, October Aghdgomelashvili and Japaridze v. Georgia (no. 7224/11) Police raid on an LGBT organization 11, 14 in conjunction with 3
2020, 13 October Sozayev and Others v. Russia (nos. 67685/14 & 35199/15) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2020, 17 November B and C v. Switzerland (nos. 889/19 and 43987/16) Residence permits, asylum and extradition 3
2020, December Berkman v. Russia (no. 46712/15) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2021, January Sabalić v. Croatia (no. 50231/13) Inadequate response to a violent homophobic attack by a private party on the applicant Procedural aspect of 3 in conjunction with 14
2021, January X v. Romania and Y v. Romania (nos. 2145/16 and 20607/16) Gender reassignment and its consequences
2021, 23 March R.Y. v. Russia (no. 21977/20 Residence permits, asylum and extradition Struck out
2021, July A.M. and Others v. Russia (no. 47220/19 Gender reassignment and its consequences; parental rights and obligations
2021, July Fedotova and Others v. Russia (no. 2064/10 Registration of partnership 8
2021, September X. v. Poland (20741/10) Refused custody of her child due to her sexual orientation 14 in conjunction with 8
2022, May M. v. France (42821/18) Intersex normalization surgery performed on a child Inadmissible
2023, March Macatė v. Lithuania (61435/19) Restrictions on an LGBT-themed children's book had no legitimate purpose 10 § 2
2023, May Buhuceanu and Others v. Romania Recognition of same-sex relationships 8
2023, June Maymulakhin and Markiv v. Ukraine Recognition of same-sex relationship 8 and 14
2023, June Lenis v. Greece Extreme homophobic speech not protected by freedom of expression Inadmissible
2023, September Lapunov v. Russia (28834/19) The court ruled that Lapunov was wrongfully detained and tortured by agents of the Russian state during the anti-gay purges in Chechnya based solely on his sexual orientation 3, 5, and 14
2023, September Koilova and Babulkova v. Bulgaria Registration of partnership 8
2023, December Przybyszewska and Others v. Poland (11454/17, 11810/17, 15273/17, 16898/17, 24231/17, 24351/17, 25891/17, 25904/17, 30128/18, 30340/18) Registration of partnership 8


ILGA-Europe maintains a list of recently concluded ECtHR cases and their execution status.

Pending cases

Case Topic
Đorđević and others v. Serbia (5591/10) and three other applications Ban of pride parade
Y.P. v. Russia (8650/12) Legal gender recognition
Formela v Poland (58828/12, 40795/17, 55306/18, 55321/18) Registration of partnership
Oganezova v. Armenia (71367/12 and 72961/12) Failure to investigate arson attack on LGBT club
Iachimovschi v. Moldova and 5 other applications (Nos. 21029/13, 40620/14, 23914/15, 26806/15, 32617/16 and 49542/16) Anti-LGBT violence by private individuals
Dietz and Suttasom v. Austria (no. 31185/13) Registration of partnership
R.L. v. Russia and P.O. v. Russia (36253/13 and 52516/13) Legal gender recognition
Szypuła v Poland, Urbanik and Alonso Rodriguez v Poland (78030/14 and 23669/16) Refusal to issue marriage eligibility documents
Grochulski v Poland (131/15) Non-registered partnership rights
A.D.-K. and Others v. Poland (30806/15) Refusal to issue birth certificate
Schlittner-Hay v. Poland (56846/15 and 56849/15) Refusal of Polish citizenship to two children born through surrogacy, whose biological father is a Polish citizen
Minasyan and others v. Armenia (59180/15) Newspaper publications with discriminatory language and incitement to discrimination, which has no redress under Armenian law
Koutra and Katzaki v. Greece (459/16) Detention and mistreatment of transgender sex workers and their lawyer
X. v. Russia (60796/16) Refusal of name change to a transgender individual
Solmaz v. Turkey (49373/17) Alleged discrimination based on gender identity
A.D. v. Georgia and A.K. v. Georgia (57864/17 and 79087/17) Recognition of gender transition
Y v. France (76888/17) Non-binary gender recognition for an intersex person
A. v. Azerbaijan (17184/18), 18 other applications Arbitrary arrest, ill-treatment, and forced medical examinations of LGBT people in Baku
Starska v. Poland (18822/18) Right to change surname
O.H. and G.H. v. Germany (53568/18 and 54741/18) Transgender parenthood
Meszkes v Poland (11560/19) Registration of partnership, inheritance rights
Lee v. UK (18860/19) Personal refusal of services
Buhuceanu and Ciobotaru v. Romania (No. 20081/19) Registration of partnership
Handzlik-Rosuł and Rosuł v Poland (45301/19) Same-sex marriage contracted abroad
V.D. v. Russia (57893/19) Extradition and non-refoulement
S.K.K. and A.C.G. v. Romania (5926/20) Registration of partnership
A. H. and others v. Germany (7246/20) Transgender parenthood
Andersen v. Poland (53662/20) Registration of marriage performed abroad

European Committee of Social Rights

The European Committee of Social Rights issues judgements based on the European Social Charter, a Council of Europe treaty.

Date of ruling Case Topic
2009 INTERIGHTS v. Croatia (45/2007)

European Union

All European Union member states are also members of the Council of Europe and subject to the ECtHR.

Court of Justice of the European Union

Date of ruling Case Topic
1996 C-13/94 P. v. S and Cornwall County Council Gender reassignment and its consequences
1998 C-249/96 Grant v. South West Trains Ltd. Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2001 C-125/99 D. v. Council Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2004 C-117/01 K.B. v. NHS Pensions Agency Gender reassignment and its consequences
2006 C-423/04 Richards v. Secretary of State for Work and Pensions Gender reassignment and its consequences
2008 C-267/06 Maruko v. VddB Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2010 W. v. Commission
2011 C-147/08 Römer v. City of Hamburg Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2012 C-124/11 (Dittrich), C-125/11 (Klinke) and C143/11 (Müller) Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2013, April Asociatia Accept v Consiliul Naţional pentru Combaterea Discriminării (C-81/12) Employment
2013, November Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel v X (C-199/12), Y (C-200/12),
and Z v Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel (C-201/12) 		Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2013, December Hay v Crédit agricole mutuel (C-267/12). Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2014, December A, B, C v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie (C-148/13, C-149/13, C-150/13) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2015, April Léger v Ministre des Affaires sociales... (C-528/13) Blood donation
2018, January F. v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Hivatal (C-473/16) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2018, June Coman and Others v Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrӑri and Others (C-673/16) Residence permits, asylum and extradition
2020, April NH v Associazione Avvocatura per i diritti LGBTI – Rete Lenford (C-507/18) Employment
2021, December V.M.A. v Stolichna Obsthina, Rayon 'Pancharevo' (C-490/20) Citizenship

Organization of American States

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights

Date of ruling Case Topic
1999, May Álvarez Giraldo v. Colombia
2010, September Atala Riffo and Daughters v. Chile Denial of child custody to a lesbian mother
2013, November Flor Freire v. Ecuador Discharge from duty of a military person accused of engaging in homosexual conduct
2014, April Duque v. Colombia Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2020, December Gareth Henry and Simone Carline Edwards v. Jamaica Criminalization of homosexual sex

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Date of ruling Case Topic
2012, February Atala Riffo and Daughters v. Chile Denial of child custody to a lesbian mother
2016, February Duque v. Colombia Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2016, August Flor Freire v. Ecuador Discharge from duty of a military person accused of engaging in homosexual conduct
2017, November Advisory Opinion OC-24/17 November 24, 2017 Legalisation of same-sex marriage

United Nations

United Nations Human Rights Committee

The United Nations Human Rights Committee oversees the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

Date of ruling Case Topic
1985 Hertzberg et al. v. Finland (61/1979) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
1994 Toonen v. Australia (488/1992) Criminalization or detention
2002 Joslin v. New Zealand (902/1999) Registration of partnership
2003 Young v. Australia (941/2000) Housing tenure, social and employer's benefits
2005 X. v. Colombia
2012 Fedotova v. Russia Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2014 Praded v. Belarus (2029/2011) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2016 Androsenko v. Belarus (2092/2011) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
2017 G. v. Australia (2172/2012) Gender reassignment and its consequences
2017 C. v. Australia (2216/2012) Prohibition of access to divorce proceedings for same-sex couples married abroad
2018 Kirill Nepomnyashchiy v. Russia (2318/2013) Freedom of assembly, expression and association
Ongoing Alekseyev v. Russia, No. 1873/2009

See also

References

  1. Helfer, Laurence R.; Voeten, Erik (2014). "International Courts as Agents of Legal Change: Evidence from LGBT Rights in Europe". International Organization. 68 (1): 77–110. doi:10.1017/S0020818313000398. ISSN 0020-8183. S2CID 232254690.
  2. "HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights".
  3. Ferreira, Nuno (2021). "An exercise in detachment: the Council of Europe and sexual minority asylum claims". Queer Migration and Asylum in Europe. UCL Press. ISBN 978-1-78735-581-1.
  4. Modinos v. Cyprus HUDOC
  5. Salgueiro da Silva Mouta v. Portugal (no. 33290/96) HUDOC
  6. "HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights".
  7. Alekseyev v. Russia
  8. ECtHR decision in the case no. 49718/09
  9. Decision on the application no. 26550/10
  10. Press release on ECtHR judgment in case no. 25001/07
  11. ECtHR decision in the case no. 56027/09
  12. Timmer, Alexandra (14 February 2012). "Anti-Gay Hate Speech: Vejdeland and Others v. Sweden". Strasbourg Observers. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  13. ECtHR decision on application no. 25951/07
  14. ECtHR committee decision in case no. 47129/09(in French)
  15. ECtHR decision in the case no. 7705/05
  16. ECtHR judgment in case no. 12294/07(in French)
  17. "HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights". hudoc.echr.coe.int. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  18. ECtHR Chamber judgment in cases nos. 48420/10, 59842/10, 51671/10 and 36516/10
  19. ECtHR Grand Chamber 19.02.2013 judgment in case X and Others v. Austria (no. 19010/07))
  20. ECtHR Chamber judgment in case no. 72413/10
  21. Decision on application no. 36982/11
  22. Transgender people to be awarded the right to marry 2013
  23. ECtHR Chamber judgment on applications nos. 31913/07, 38357/07, 48098/07, 48777/07 and 48779/07
  24. Decision in case No. 4867/03
  25. ECtHR Grand Chamber judgment in cases nos. 29381/09 and 32684/09
  26. Admissibility decision in cases nos. 2362/08 and 26271/08
  27. ECtHR judgment in case no. 20981/10
  28. ECtHR Chamber judgment in case no. 71398/12 + ECtHR Grand Chamber judgment in case no. 71398/12
  29. "TONI KOSTADINOV v. BULGARIA - 37124/10 - Chamber Judgment (French Text) [2015] ECHR 83 (27 January 2015)".
  30. "HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights".
  31. ECtHR judgment in case no. 73235/12
  32. ECtHR judgment in cases nos. 18766/11 and 36030/11
  33. Decision in case No. 30953/11
  34. ECtHR judgment in case no. 68453/13
  35. ECtHR judgment in cases nos. 31039/11, 48511/11, 76810/12, 14618/13 and 13817/14
  36. judgment on application no. 12060/12
  37. ECtHR decision in case no. 12956/15
  38. ECtHR judgment in case no. 40183/07(in French)
  39. ECtHR judgment in case no. 35214/09
  40. ECtHR judgment in case no. 51362/09(in French)
  41. ECtHR judgment in case no. 4982/07(in French)
  42. ECtHR judgment in cases nos. 19700/11, 51169/10 etc.
  43. ECtHR judgment in cases nos. 79885/12, 52471/13 and 52596/13(in French)
  44. ECtHR judgment in cases nos. 67667/09, 44092/12 and 56717/12
  45. Judgment on applications 26431/12; 26742/12; 44057/12 and 60088/12
  46. "Paternity leave for homosexual couples". ECHRCaseLaw. 29 August 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  47. Decision on the application no. 6190/11
  48. ECtHR judgment in cases nos. 14988/09 and others
  49. ECtHR judgment
  50. ECHR press release
  51. "Beizaras and Levickas v. Lithuania: ILGA-Europe's work on a landmark European hate speech judgement | ILGA-Europe". www.ilga-europe.org. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
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Literature

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