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6th Legislative Council of Hong Kong
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Overview
Legislative body	Legislative Council
Jurisdiction	Hong Kong
Meeting place	Legislative Council Complex
Term	1 October 2016 – 31 December 2021
Election	2016 election
Government	Leung Administration (2016-2017) Lam Administration (2017-2021)
Website	Sixth Legislative Council (2016–2021)
Members	70 members
President	Andrew Leung (BPA)
Party control	Pro-Beijing camp

1843–1941 Legco 1946–1985 Legco 1985–1988 LegCo (1985) 1988–1991 LegCo (1988) 1991–1995 LegCo (1991) 1995–1997 LegCo (1995) Provisional LegCo (1996) 1st LegCo (1998) 2nd LegCo (2000) 3rd LegCo (2004) 4th LegCo (2008) 5th LegCo (2012) 6th LegCo (2016) 7th LegCo (2021)

The Sixth Legislative Council of Hong Kong was the sixth meeting of the legislative branch of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. Running from 1 October 2016 to 31 December 2021, it was the longest legislative session in Hong Kong history, lasted for five years and three months. The term of the session was originally from 1 October 2016 to 30 September 2020, but was extended by the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) due to the postponement of the 2020 Legislative Council election.

The membership of the session was based on the results of the 2016 Legislative Council election, where the pro-Beijing camp retained the majority in the council and its flagship party Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) continued to be the largest party. The anti-establishment camp, including the traditional pan-democrats and newly emerging localists secured the majority in the geographical constituencies and the one-third crucial minority which allowed them veto any government's proposal on constitutional reform. Notable new members include the post-Occupy activists, Demosisto's Nathan Law, 23, being the youngest member to be elected and Youngspiration's Yau Wai-ching, 25, being the youngest woman to be elected. Other new members include Eddie Chu, Lau Siu-lai, Sixtus Leung, Eunice Yung and Junius Ho.

The council never met its full membership of 70 members, as two Youngspiration legislators Yau Wai-ching and Sixtus Leung were disqualified by the court on 15 November 2016 over their oath-taking manner at the inauguration of the council. Four more pro-democracy legislators, Leung Kwok-hung, Nathan Law, Lau Siu-lai and Yiu Chung-yim were disqualified for the same reason on 14 July 2017, which left a total six vacant seats of which five of them were filled in the March and November by-elections, won by Vincent Cheng, Gary Fan, Au Nok-hin, Tony Tse and Chan Hoi-yan. Fan and Au were later unseated on 17 December 2019 as the by-election result was ruled as invalid by the court, followed by Chan's departure for the same reason.

In 2019, the Carrie Lam administration's introduction of Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 sparked an unprecedented clash in the council between the pro-Beijing and pro-democracy legislators, and later turned into a series of historic massive protests. Hundred of protesters stormed the Legislative Council Complex after the annual 1 July march and ransacked and vandalised the interior with anti-government slogans. The continued anti-government protests eventually led to the downfall of the bill on 4 September 2019.

On 31 July 2020, Chief Executive Carrie Lam invoked the Emergency Regulations Ordinance to postpone the September general election for a whole year, citing the resurgence of COVID-19 cases and denying any political calculation to thwart opposition momentum and neutralise the pro-democracy movement. The decision was backed by the NPCSC which in November 2021 disqualified four sitting pro-democracy legislators Alvin Yeung, Kwok Ka-ki, Dennis Kwok and Kenneth Leung on the grounds of the newly imposed national security law, which triggered the mass resignations of the remaining 15 pro-democracy legislators, leaving the council with a total number of 27 vacancies out of 70 seats.

In March 2021 the NPCSC unveiled the drastic electoral overhauls to the Chief Executive and Legislative Council, bypassing the power of constitutional changes vested in the Legislative Council. After the passage of the amendments to Annex I and II of the Basic Law, the Carrie Lam administration tabled the Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Bill 2021 which was passed in the pro-Beijing dominated Legislative Council with 40-to-2 vote on 27 May 2021.

Major events

2016–2017

• 12 October 2016: In the first meeting of the session, all members took their oaths while three members, Youngspiration's Baggio Leung and Yau Wai-ching and pan-democrat Edward Yiu who inserted their own words into the official script had their oaths rejected by the Legislative Council Secretariat, but 11 others - four localist and seven pan-democratic - added their own wording either before or after taking the oath and face no repercussions. Leung and Yau were criticised for pronouncing China as "Chee-na", the derogatory pronunciation used during the Second Sino-Japanese War and mispronouncing "People's Republic of China" as "people's re-fucking of Chee-na". After the oaths, the second most senior member Leung Yiu-chung of the Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre chaired the election of the President of the Legislative Council. To protest the Legislative Council secretariat's decision to disallow the three members to enter the chamber, Leung gave up the role amid calls from his colleagues to postpone the election due to the dispute over the British nationality of the pro-Beijing nominee Andrew Leung of the Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (BPA). Instead, Abraham Shek of the BPA who replaced Leung Yiu-chung pushed the election ahead. The pan-democrats and localists tore up their ballot papers and exited the meeting room before the vote. As a result, Andrew Leung received 38 votes against pro-democrat nominee James To's zero with three blank ballots.
• 19 October 2016: In the second meeting of the session when five members retook their oaths, the pro-Beijing camp staged a walkout to force the meeting to be adjourned for the first time in the session to protest the two Youngspiration legislators refusal to apologise for their "insulting" oaths last week before Yau and Leung, as well as Lau Siu-lai were to retake their oaths.
• 26 October 2016: In the third general meeting, Legislative Council President Andrew Leung adjourned the meeting after the three members, two Youngspiration legislators he disallowed from joining the meeting as he decided to delay their oath-retaking but were escorted by the pan-democracy legislators into the chamber, and Civic Passion's Cheng Chung-tai who shouted at Leung for his decision, refused to leave the chamber.

2018–2019

• 6 May 2019: After a House Committee meeting with a pro-Beijing majority, voted to issue a set of guidelines to replace the most senior member James To of the Democratic Party with the third senior member Abraham Shek of the Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong to preside the Bills Committee of the controversial Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 after To was accused of filibustering. To claimed that the move was illegitimate, adding that the secretariat had abused its power in issuing the circular without having any formal discussion. The pro-democracy legislators insisted to go ahead with the 6 May meeting as planned, which was eventually rescheduled by Shek with only 20 members present.
• 11 May 2019: A clash broke out as the pro-democracy and pro-Beijing camps called separate meetings of the Bills Committee of the controversial Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 at the same room. A number of legislators fell to the ground as they pushed and shoved each other along the packed hallway. Gary Fan fell to the ground after standing on a table, and appearing to have fainted before he was sent to hospital.
• 12 June 2019: 12 June protest against the extradition bill outside the Legislative Council Complex. 40,000 protesters gathered outside the Government Headquarters attempted and successfully stalled the second reading of the bill, though the Police deployed numerous canisters of tear gas, rubber bullets and bean bag rounds to disperse the protesters. The government and the police characterised the protest as a "riot", marking it the most serious and intense conflict between the police and the protesters during the early stage of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.

• 1 July 2019: Storming of the Legislative Council Complex where hundreds of protesters broke through the glass walls and metal doors and entered the building, ransacked and vandalised the interior with anti-government slogans. It is considered a watershed event in the 2019–20 protests.

2019–2020

• 18 May 2020: After a months-long filibustering by the pro-democrats on the election of the House Committee chair, President Andrew Leung invoked Article 92 of the Rule of Procedures to scrap the duties of Dennis Kwok, the former vice chair of the House Committee who had been presiding the meetings and replaced Chan Kin-por, chair of the Finance Committee who successfully presided the election after the pro-democrat legislators being expelled amid the clashes broke out between the pro-democrats and the security.
• 31 July 2020: Chief Executive Carrie Lam announced the postponement of 2020 general election for a whole year.
• 11 August 2020: NPCSC passed a decision to extend the incumbent 6th Legislative Council to extend its term for no less than one year, all members of Legco can stay but two decided to resign in protest to the extension.

2020–2021

• 11 November 2020: NPCSC passed a decision which led to the disqualification of four sitting legislators by Hong Kong Government, 15 remaining pro-democracy legislators announced their resignation on the same day, with the effective dates ranging from 11 November to 1 December. The Legco has now no effective opposition.

Major legislation

Enacted

• 14 June 2018: Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (Co-location) Bill
• 12 June 2020: National Anthem Bill
• 12 May 2021: Public Offices (Candidacy and Taking Up Offices)(Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill 2021
• 27 May 2021: Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Bill 2021

Electoral changes

After the passage of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) amendment to the Annex I and the Annex II of the Basic Law of Hong Kong on 30 March 2021 to drastically change the existing electoral system of Hong Kong, the Carrie Lam administration began to roll out the local electoral legislation. On 13 April after the Executive Council passed the Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Bill 2021, the government unveiled the 765-page bill with more details of the future electoral system. A raft of changes to the Elections (Corrupt and Illegal Conduct) Ordinance was also included legislation to "regulate acts that manipulate or undermine elections", which would criminalise inciting people not to vote or cast blank or spoiled ballots. Violators could face up to three years in prison. The pro-Beijing-dominated Legislative Council voted on the 369 amendments tabled by the government, before passing the bill with 40-to-2 vote on 27 May 2021. The only two opposition legislators, Civic Passion's Cheng Chung-tai said that the overhaul would be a real touchstone of the principle of "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong", while Pierre Chan for the Medical constituency said that the new electoral system was a "regression in democracy."

Proposed

• Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019

Composition

Summary

* The Neo Democrats won one seat in the New Territories East by-election, but lost it after a court declared Gary Fan not duly elected.
# Resigned en masse with pro-democracy camp.

Change in membership

Graphical representation

Legislative Council of Hong Kong seat composition by party at dissolution.

Non-aligned (1)

Vacant (28)

Pro-Beijing (41)

Leadership

• President: Andrew Leung (BPA)

Convenors

• Pro-Beijing camp: Martin Liao
• Pro-democracy camp:
  • James To (Democratic), 2016–2017
  • Charles Mok (PC), 2017–2018
  • Claudia Mo (HK First), 2018–2019
  • Tanya Chan (Civic), 2019–2020
  • Wu Chi-wai (Democratic), 1 October – 1 December 2020
  • Vacant, from 1 December 2020

List of members

All members are listed by seniority according to the year of the beginning of consecutive service then the order of swearing in (i.e. the number of strokes in the traditional characters of names in Chinese per precedent) with the president of the Legislative Council being ranked first.

Members who did not serve throughout the term are italicised. Supplementary members elected in by-elections are listed below.

Key to changes since legislative election:

= change in party allegiance

= by-election

= did not take seat

Capacity	Constituency	Portrait	Elected Members	Elected Party		Political Alignment	Born	Occupation(s)	Assumed Office
President of the Legislative Council
FC	Industrial (First)		Andrew Leung		BPA	Pro-Beijing	(1951-02-24)24 February 1951	Merchant	2004
Other members
FC	District Council (Second)		James To		Democratic	Pro-democracy	(1963-03-11)11 March 1963	Solicitor	1998
FC	District Council (Second)		Leung Yiu-chung		NWSC	Pro-democracy	(1953-05-19)19 May 1953	Legislative Councillor	1998
FC	Real Estate and Construction		Abraham Shek		BPA	Pro-Beijing	(1945-06-24)24 June 1945	Company Director	2000
FC	Catering		Tommy Cheung		Liberal	Pro-Beijing	(1949-09-30)30 September 1949	Merchant Legislative Councillor	2000
FC	Health Services		Joseph Lee		Independent	Pro-democracy	(1959-08-14)14 August 1959	Dean and Professor	2004
FC	Commercial (First)		Jeffrey Lam		BPA	Pro-Beijing	(1951-10-23)23 October 1951	Merchant	2004
FC	Import and Export		Wong Ting-kwong		DAB	Pro-Beijing	(1949-09-12)12 September 1949	Merchant	2004
FC	District Council (Second)		Starry Lee		DAB	Pro-Beijing	(1974-03-13)13 March 1974	Accountant Legislative Councillor	2008
GC	New Territories East		Chan Hak-kan		DAB/NTAS	Pro-Beijing	(1976-04-24)24 April 1976	Legislative Councillor	2008
FC	Insurance		Chan Kin-por		Independent	Pro-Beijing	(1954-05-10)10 May 1954	Legislative Councillor Chief Executive	2008
GC	Kowloon West		Priscilla Leung		BPA/KWND	Pro-Beijing	(1960-11-18)18 November 1960	Associate Professor Barrister-at-law	2008
GC	Kowloon East		Wong Kwok-kin		FTU	Pro-Beijing	(1952-05-03)3 May 1952	Legislative Councillor	2008
GC	Hong Kong Island		Regina Ip		NPP	Pro-Beijing	(1950-08-24)24 August 1950	Chair of Savantas Policy Institute	2008
GC	Kowloon East		Paul Tse		Independent	Pro-Beijing	(1959-01-21)21 January 1959	Solicitor	2008
GC	New Territories East		Leung Kwok-hung		LSD/AFA	Pro-democracy	(1957-01-18)18 January 1957	Legislative Councillor	2010 (b)
GC	Kowloon West		Claudia Mo		Civic	Pro-democracy	(1956-03-27)27 March 1956	N/A	2012
GC	New Territories West		Michael Tien		NPP	Pro-Beijing	(1950-08-26)26 August 1950	Legislative Councillor Entrepreneur	2012
FC	Agriculture and Fisheries		Steven Ho		DAB	Pro-Beijing	(1979-11-30)30 November 1979	Legislative Councillor	2012
FC	Transport		Frankie Yick		Liberal	Pro-Beijing	1953 (1953)	Company Director	2012
GC	Kowloon East		Wu Chi-wai		Democratic	Pro-democracy	(1962-10-18)18 October 1962	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2012
FC	Tourism		Yiu Si-wing		Independent	Pro-Beijing	1955 (1955)	Deputy chair of China Travel Service	2012
FC	Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication		Ma Fung-kwok		New Forum	Pro-Beijing	(1955-07-22)22 July 1955	Managing Director	2012
FC	Information Technology		Charles Mok		Prof Commons	Pro-democracy	(1964-10-25)25 October 1964	Legislative Councillor	2012
GC	New Territories East		Chan Chi-chuen		People Power	Pro-democracy	(1972-04-16)16 April 1972	Legislative Councillor	2012
GC	New Territories West		Chan Han-pan		DAB/NTAS	Pro-Beijing	1975 (1975)	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2012
GC	New Territories West		Leung Che-cheung		DAB/NTAS	Pro-Beijing	(1957-12-03)3 December 1957	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2012
FC	Accountancy		Kenneth Leung		Prof Commons	Pro-democracy	(1962-10-17)17 October 1962	Tax Consultant Accountant	2012
GC	New Territories West		Alice Mak		FTU	Pro-Beijing	(1971-11-01)1 November 1971	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2012
GC	New Territories West		Kwok Ka-ki		Civic	Pro-democracy	(1961-07-20)20 July 1961	Urologist	2012
GC	Hong Kong Island		Kwok Wai-keung		FTU	Pro-Beijing	(1978-04-15)15 April 1978	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2012
FC	Legal		Dennis Kwok		Civic (Prof Commons)	Pro-democracy	(1978-04-15)15 April 1978	Barrister-at-law	2012
FC	Financial Services		Christopher Cheung		BPA	Pro-Beijing	(1952-05-02)2 May 1952	Securities Dealer	2012
GC	New Territories East		Fernando Cheung		Labour	Pro-democracy	(1957-02-23)23 February 1957	Lecturer	2012
GC	Kowloon West		Helena Wong		Democratic	Pro-democracy	(1959-03-21)21 March 1959	Lecturer	2012
FC	Education		Ip Kin-yuen		PTU	Pro-democracy	1961 (1961)	Legislative Councillor Teacher	2012
GC	New Territories East		Elizabeth Quat		DAB	Pro-Beijing	(1966-12-23)23 December 1966	Legislative Councillor	2012
FC	Commercial (Second)		Martin Liao		Independent	Pro-Beijing	1957 (1957)	Barrister-at-law	2012
FC	Labour		Poon Siu-ping		FLU	Pro-Beijing	1957 (1957)	Trade Union Staff	2012
GC	Kowloon West		Chiang Lai-wan		DAB	Pro-Beijing	(1955-05-16)16 May 1955	Legislative Councillor	2012
FC	Engineering		Lo Wai-kwok		BPA	Pro-Beijing	(1953-12-25)25 December 1953	Engineer	2012
FC	Textiles and Garment		Chung Kwok-pan		Liberal	Pro-Beijing	(1963-11-04)4 November 1963	Merchant	2012
GC	New Territories East		Alvin Yeung		Civic	Pro-democracy	(1981-06-05)5 June 1981	Barrister-at-law	2016 (b)
GC	New Territories West		Andrew Wan		Democratic	Pro-democracy	(1969-06-07)7 June 1969	Legislative Councillor	2016
GC	New Territories West		Eddie Chu		Independent	Localist Pro-democracy	(1977-09-29)29 September 1977	Community Organiser	2016
FC	Industrial (Second)		Jimmy Ng		Independent	Pro-Beijing	(1969-06-17)17 June 1969	Company Director	2016
GC	New Territories West		Junius Ho		Independent	Pro-Beijing	(1962-06-04)4 June 1962	Solicitor	2016
FC	Labour		Ho Kai-ming		FTU	Pro-Beijing	(1985-01-06)6 January 1985	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2016
GC	New Territories East		Lam Cheuk-ting		Democratic	Pro-democracy	(1977-06-13)13 June 1977	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2016
FC	District Council (Second)		Holden Chow		DAB	Pro-Beijing	(1979-06-07)7 June 1979	Solicitor	2016
FC	Wholesale and Retail		Shiu Ka-fai		Liberal	Pro-Beijing	(1970-04-22)22 April 1970	Company Director	2016
FC	Social Welfare		Shiu Ka-chun		Independent	Pro-democracy	(1969-06-03)3 June 1969	University Teacher	2016
GC	Kowloon East		Wilson Or		DAB	Pro-Beijing	(1973-07-09)9 July 1973	Legislative Councillor	2016
GC	New Territories East		Yung Hoi-yan		NPP	Pro-Beijing	(1977-06-07)7 June 1977	Barrister-at-law	2016
FC	Medical		Pierre Chan		Independent	Non-aligned	(1967-08-18)18 August 1967	Doctor	2016
FC	Finance		Chan Chun-ying		Independent	Pro-Beijing	1961 (1961)	Advisor	2016
GC	Hong Kong Island		Tanya Chan		Civic	Pro-democracy	(1971-09-14)14 September 1971	Barrister-at-law	2016
GC	Hong Kong Island		Cheung Kwok-kwan		DAB	Pro-Beijing	(1974-06-30)30 June 1974	Solicitor	2016
GC	Hong Kong Island		Hui Chi-fung		Democratic	Pro-democracy	(1982-06-08)8 June 1982	Legislative Councillor	2016
FC	Labour		Luk Chung-hung		FTU	Pro-Beijing	(1978-09-21)21 September 1978	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2016
FC	District Council (First)		Lau Kwok-fan		DAB	Pro-Beijing	(1978-06-28)28 June 1978	Legislative Councillor	2016
FC	Heung Yee Kuk		Kenneth Lau		BPA	Pro-Beijing	1966 (1966)	Merchant	2016
GC	New Territories West		Cheng Chung-tai		Civic Passion	Localist	(1983-11-05)5 November 1983	Legislative Councillor	2016
FC	District Council (Second)		Kwong Chun-yu		Democratic	Pro-democracy	(1983-02-09)9 February 1983	Legislative Councillor	2016
GC	Kowloon East		Jeremy Tam		Civic	Pro-democracy	(1975-06-13)13 June 1975	Pilot	2016
GC	Hong Kong Island		Nathan Law		Demosisto	Localist Pro-democracy	(1993-07-13)13 July 1993	Legislative Councillor	2016
FC	Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape		Yiu Chung-yim		Independent	Pro-democracy	(1964-07-19)19 July 1964	Lecturer	2016
GC	Kowloon West		Lau Siu-lai		Independent	Localist Pro-democracy	(1976-08-03)3 August 1976	Lecturer	2016
GC	New Territories East		Sixtus Leung		Youngspiration	Localist	(1986-08-07)7 August 1986	N/A	2016
GC	Kowloon West		Yau Wai-ching		Youngspiration	Localist	(1991-05-06)6 May 1991	N/A	2016
Supplementary members
GC	New Territories East		Gary Fan		Neo Democrats	Pro-democracy	(1966-10-30)30 October 1966	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2018 (b)
GC	Hong Kong Island		Au Nok-hin		Independent	Pro-democracy	(1987-06-18)18 June 1987	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2018 (b)
GC	Kowloon West		Vincent Cheng		DAB	Pro-Beijing	(1979-07-18)18 July 1979	Legislative Councillor District Councillor	2018 (b)
FC	Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape		Tony Tse		Independent	Pro-Beijing	(1954-10-27)27 October 1954	Surveyor	2018 (b)
GC	Kowloon West		Chan Hoi-yan		Independent	Pro-Beijing	(1977-11-19)19 November 1977	Legislative Councillor	2018 (b)

By-elections

• 11 March 2018, by-election for Hong Kong Island, Kowloon West, New Territories East and Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape. Au Nok-hin (Independent democrat), Vincent Cheng (DAB), Gary Fan (Neo Democrats), and Tony Tse (pro-Beijing independent) were the winners in the respective constituencies.
• 25 November 2018 by-election for Kowloon West. Chan Hoi-yan (nonpartisan, supported by the pro-Beijing camp) was elected to replace independent democrat Lau Siu-lai after she was disqualified in the oath-taking controversy.

Other changes

2016

• Claudia Mo (Kowloon West) announced her resignation from the Civic Party and served under the label of "HK First" on 14 November.

2017

• Michael Tien (New Territories West) announced his resignation from the New People's Party on 10 April and formed his own political group Roundtable.

2018

• Jimmy Ng (Industrial (Second)) joined the Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (BPA).

Committees

Secretariat

• Secretary General: Kenneth Chen

See also

• 2016 Hong Kong legislative election
• 2016 President of the Hong Kong Legislative Council election
• 2018 Hong Kong by-election
• Hong Kong LegCo members' oath-taking controversy

Notes

1. ^ Announced resignation on 12 November 2020 in protest to the 11 November disqualifications of four pro-democracy members.
2. ^ Disqualified on 14 July 2017 over oath-taking controversy.
3. ^ Resigned on 12 November 2020 in protest to the 11 November disqualifications of four pro-democracy members, with effective on 13 November.
4. ^ Resigned on 30 September 2020 in protest to the postponement of the 2020 Legislative Council election.
5. ^ Disqualified on 11 November 2020 by the NPCSC decision for "endangering national security".
6. Resigned on 1 June 2020 to take the place of Under Secretary for Labour and Welfare.
7. Resigned on 30 September 2020 over health issue.
8. Disqualified on 26 August 2021 by the Candidate Eligibility Review Committee.
9. ^ Disqualified on 15 November 2016 over oath-taking controversy.
10. ^ Disqualified on 17 December 2019 as the result of the March 2018 Legislative Council by-election was ruled as invalid.
11. Disqualified on 18 September 2020 as the result of the November 2018 Kowloon West by-election was ruled as invalid.

References

1. "Beijing extends Hong Kong's Legislative Council term by 'at least one year' but kicks ball back to Carrie Lam to decide how disqualified lawmakers can continue their duties". South China Morning Post. 2020-08-11.
2. "Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (Chapter 1)--Revocation of the Decision to Prorogue the Sixth Term of the Legislative Council" (PDF). The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette. 2020-08-14.
3. "Pro-democracy lawmakers Au Nok-hin and Gary Fan lose seats as Hong Kong's top court rejects election petition appeals". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. 2019-12-17. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
4. "Hong Kong leader withdraws extradition bill, sets up platform to examine protest causes". South China Morning Post. 4 September 2019. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
5. "As it happened: Protesters call bill withdrawal 'band-aid on rotting flesh'". South China Morning Post. 4 September 2019. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
6. "BREAKING: Hong Kong postpones legislative election citing Covid-19". Hong Kong Free Press. 31 July 2020.
7. "Hong Kong's pro-democracy legislators to resign en masse". Aljazeera. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
8. "Hong Kong lawmakers pass bill to revamp elections, reducing democratic representation". Hong Kong Free Press. 27 May 2021.
9. "Andrew Leung becomes president of Hong Kong Legco after dispute over British nationality". South China Morning Post. 12 October 2016.
10. "19 minutes of chaos: Legco president calls pro-establishment camp walkout 'unfortunate', plans new oaths for localists". South China Morning Post. 19 October 2016.
11. "Democrats decry 'coup' as pro-Beijing lawmaker seeks to take over vetting of China extradition bill". Hong Kong Free Press. 6 May 2019.
12. "Hong Kong government condemns 'disorderly and uncontrollable conditions' after Legco chaos halts meeting of committee reviewing extradition bill". South China Morning Post. 11 May 2019.
13. "Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Bill 2021". Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau.
14. "Urging people to spoil or cast blank ballots in elections to become a crime in Hong Kong". Hong Kong Free Press. 13 April 2021.
15. "Hong Kong lawmakers pass bill to revamp elections, reducing democratic representation". Hong Kong Free Press. 27 May 2021.
16. "Hong Kong lawmaker Claudia Mo resigns from Civic Party citing 'differences' over localism and other issues". South China Morning Post. 14 November 2016.
17. "【新民黨分裂】直播田北辰宣佈退黨：因了解而分開". Apple Daily. 14 November 2016.
18. "政Whats噏：吳永嘉入工商界政黨　一餐飯決定". on.cc. 2018-12-22.

• Terms of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
• 2016 Hong Kong legislative election
• 2016 establishments in Hong Kong
• 2021 disestablishments in Hong Kong
• 2020s disestablishments in Hong Kong