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List of London Underground electric multiple units

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London Underground tube stock

Electric multiple units have operated on the London Underground since 1898, and exclusively since 1961. They are of two sizes, smaller deep-tube trains and larger sub-surface trains that are of a similar size to those on British main lines.

The Waterloo & City line opened in 1898 with electric multiple units, and the later tube railways followed, using trains that were known as gate stock, as access was via lattice gates at each end of each car. The earlier railways had electrified the underground sections by 1907. Pneumatic sliding doors were introduced on tube trains in 1920 and sub-surface trains in the late 1930s. Until the early 1960s an electric locomotive was exchanged for a steam locomotive on the Metropolitan line beyond Rickmansworth. The Victoria line opened in the late 1960s using Automatic Train Operation (ATO), and the last train with a guard ran in 2000.

Sub-surface stock

Before 1933 the sub-surface lines were run by two companies, the District Railway and Metropolitan Railway. As the Circle line was operated jointly, they collaborated in building a prototype in 1900.

Stock Image Entered service Withdrawn Line(s) Notes
Joint Prototype 1900 1900 District A 6-car train, 3 cars owned by each company

District Railway

See also: District Railway electric multiple units

Initially District Railway cars were compatible, except for A Stock, and trains were made up from cars of any age, until the incompatible F Stock arrived in 1920. The District classified its rolling stock using letters of the alphabet in 1925, before the fleet was rebuilt, forming main line and local pools. The H Stock designation was used in 1925 for rebuilt B Stock cars and by LT in the 1930s for the remaining cars with hand-operated doors.

Stock Introduced Withdrawn Notes
A Stock 1903 1925 Two prototype 7-car trains.
B Stock 1905 — Motor cars converted into 1926 H Stock.
C Stock 1911 — Rebuilt 1926–30, reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT.
D Stock 1912 — Rebuilt 1926–30, reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT.
E Stock 1914 — Rebuilt 1926–30, reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT.
F Stock 1920 1963 Incompatible with the other District Railway trains, transferred to the Metropolitan line in the 1950s
G Stock 1923 1959 Converted to Q23 Stock except for the single G23 cars that operated South Acton shuttles.
H Stock 1926 1923–35 Converted B Stock cars
K Stock 1927 — Converted to Q Stock from 1937
L Stock 1931 — Converted to Q Stock from 1937

Metropolitan Railway

See also: Metropolitan Railway electric multiple units

The Metropolitan Railway used both Westinghouse (BWE) and Thomson-Houston (BTH) control equipment, making the cars incompatible. Originally cars had a saloon layout, but after 1906 surplus bogie compartment carriages built in 1898 and 1900 were converted. Compartment stock was introduced on Watford services after 1927.

Class Introduced Withdrawn Formation Motor cars Comments
V 1905 from 1936 7-car 150 BWE
200 BTH		 The original electric rolling stock, built in 1904–06.
Hammersmith & City 1906 from 1937 6-car 150 BTH Jointly owned with the Great Western Railway. Some trains lent to the Mersey Railway 1942–45.
W 1906 by 1939 5-car to 8-car 1927/30/31 Bogie stock trailers that ran with 150 BWE motor cars before converted to run with the 200 BTH motor cars. Converted to run with motor cars from the MW pool in 1927.
M 1906 by 1939 7-car, then 8-car 200 BTH Bogie stock conversion
N 1906 1939 6-car, then 4-car 150 BWE Bogie stock conversion
Circle 1913/21 1950 5-car 200 BTH
200 BWE		 Refurbished after 1933, when the motors were replaced.
Hustle
S		 1919/25 8-car Experimental compartment stock with swing doors, and motor cars with electro-pneumatic control equipment
MV 1927–29 — 7-car 1927 Compartment stock, the MV stock trailers rebuilt from carriages. Converted in 1935 and reclassified T Stock in 1938.
MW 1929–33 — 8-car 1927/30/31

London Transport

In 1933 the Metropolitan and District railways were merged with the other underground railways, tramway companies and bus operators to form the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB), which continued the District Railway classification system.

Stock Image Entered service Withdrawn Line(s) Notes
H Stock — 1957 District Second use of the designation, for District Railway trains that remained with hand-operated doors.
M/N Stock 1935 — Hammersmith & City
District		 Converted to Q Stock in 1937
O/P Stock 1937 1981 Circle, Hammersmith & City, Metropolitan,
East London and District		 Converted to CO/CP stock in the 1950s.
Q Stock 1938 1971 District
East London		 District Railway cars built after 1923 with new Q38 cars.
R Stock 1950 1983 District Q38 cars formed with new cars.
T Stock 1938 1962 Metropolitan Converted from Metropolitan Railway compartment stock
A Stock 1961 2012 Metropolitan
East London
C Stock 1970–78 2014 Circle
District
Hammersmith & City
D Stock 1980–83 2017 District
S Stock 2010–17 In service Metropolitan (2010–current)
Hammersmith & City (2012–current)
Circle (2013–current)
District (2013–current)		 In service

Great Northern & City

The Great Northern & City Railway (now the Northern City Line) was a tube built in the early 20th century with an internal diameter of 16 feet (4.9 m) to take main-line trains.

Stock Entered Service Withdrawn Line(s) Notes
GN&C Stock 1904 1939 Northern City Line Replaced by Standard Stock

Tube stock

The deep-level tubes use smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels with a diameter of about 11 feet 8 inches (3.56 m).

Stock Image Entered Service Withdrawn Line(s) Notes
Original Waterloo & City line stock 1898 1940 Waterloo & City
1903 Stock 1903 1939 Central Central London Stock, with trailers rebuilt from locomotive hauled cars that entered service in 1900. Refurbished in 1926–28.
Gate Stock 1906 1930 Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly Except for two cars that ran on the Aldwych branch and were scrapped in 1956.
1914 Stock 1914 circa 1935
 Bakerloo For the extension to Paddington
1915 Stock 1917 Bakerloo, Central Motor cars, used on the Bakerloo line until replaced by Joint Stock in 1920/21. Refurbished with the rest of the Central London Stock in 1926–28.
Watford Joint Stock 1920 1930–31 Bakerloo Jointly owned with the London & North Western Railway, and replaced by Standard Stock with air-operated doors. Three 3-car sets were modified for use by the LMSR on the Watford Junction-Rickmansworth and Croxley Green shuttles. These were withdrawn in 1939.
1919/22 Stock 1920 1938 Bakerloo, Piccadilly First trains with air-operated doors
Standard Stock 1923 1966 Bakerloo, Central, Northern, Piccadilly, Northern City Line Also known as pre-1938 Standard Stock trains ran on the Isle of Wight 1967–92.
1935 Stock 1935 1976 Four six-car prototypes, some with air-conditioning and stream-lining. Non-streamlined units converted into two cars in 1940
1938 Stock 1938 1988 Bakerloo, Piccadilly, Northern, Northern City Line, East London Withdrawn in 1985, but five trains re-entered service the following year to allow stock to be converted for One Person Operation. In 1989 some trains were sold to replace Standard Stock on the Isle of Wight.
Waterloo & City 1940s stock 1940 1993 Waterloo & City
1949 Stock 1951 1978 Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly To supplement 1938 Stock
1956 Stock 1957 2000 Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly Prototype trains with unpainted aluminium bodies.
1959 Stock 1959 2000 Central, Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly Minor changes from 1956 Stock
1960 Stock 1960 1994 Central Prototype motors cars that ran with converted pre-1938 Stock, then converted 1938 Stock.
1962 Stock 1962 1999 Central, Piccadilly, Northern Compatible with 1959 Stock.
1967 Stock 1968 2009–11 Victoria
1972 Stock 1972–75 In service Bakerloo
1973 Stock 1975–78 In service Piccadilly
1983 Stock 1984 1997–98 Jubilee
1986 Stock 1986–87 1989 Jubilee Prototypes
1992 Stock 1993–95 In service Central, Waterloo & City
1995 Stock 1997–2000 In service Northern
1996 Stock 1997–1998 In service Jubilee
2009 Stock 2009–2011 In service Victoria

References

Notes

  1. Bruce 1988, p. 113.
  2. Green 1987, pp. 20–21.
  3. Bruce 1988, pp. 37–44.
  4. Green 1987, pp. 24–26.
  5. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 49–52.
  6. Bruce 1983, p. 97.
  7. Day & Reed 2010, p. 159.
  8. Green 1987, pp. 57–58.
  9. ^ Day & Reed 2010, p. 205.
  10. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 27–29.
  11. Bruce 1983, p. 69.
  12. Bruce 1983, p. 78.
  13. Bruce 1983, p. 82.
  14. Bruce 1983, p. 85.
  15. Bruce 1983, pp. 82, 96.
  16. Bruce 1988, pp. 30–32.
  17. Bruce 1988, pp. 28, 35–36, 85.
  18. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 68, 85, 88.
  19. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 96.
  20. Bruce 1988, pp. 78–81.
  21. Bruce 1988, pp. 82–84.
  22. Bruce 1988, pp. 85–88.
  23. Bruce 1988, p. 85.
  24. Bruce 1988, p. 88.
  25. Bruce 1983, pp. 37–39, 76.
  26. Bruce 1983, pp. 42–43.
  27. Bruce 1983, pp. 23, 56, 72–73.
  28. Bruce 1983, p. 23, 56.
  29. Bruce 1983, pp. 56–57.
  30. Bruce 1983, pp. 64–64, 71, 76–77.
  31. Bruce 1983, pp. 70–72.
  32. Bruce 1983, pp. 72–75.
  33. Horne 2006, p. 63.
  34. Bruce 1983, pp. 96–97.
  35. Bruce 1983, p. 89.
  36. Bruce 1983, pp. 90–95.
  37. Bruce 1983, pp. 96–95.
  38. Horne 2006, p. 75.
  39. Bruce 1983, pp. 98–103.
  40. Bruce 1983, pp. 72–74.
  41. Hardy, Brian (2002). London Underground Rolling Stock (15th ed.). Capital Transport. p. 36. ISBN 1854142631. The first train of A60 stock entered passenger service on 12 June 1961 (units 5004 and 5008).
  42. "Last A stock rail tour". Past Events. London Transport Museum. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
  43. ^ "Rolling Stock Data Sheet" (PDF). Transport for London, archived at What do they know. March 2007. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  44. "Last day in service for the C-stock as modern air-conditioned trains introduced" (Press release). Transport for London. 3 June 2014. Archived from the original on 13 July 2014.
  45. "Our Upgrade Plan (leaflet)" (PDF). Transport for London. February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  46. "Rolling Stock: D Stock". Transport for London. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  47. "Rolling Stock: S Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 29 December 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  48. ^ Day & Reed 2010, p. 131.
  49. Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 71.
  50. Bruce 1988, pp. 17, 23.
  51. Bruce 1988, p. 25.
  52. Bruce 1988, p. 36.
  53. Bruce 1988, p. 29.
  54. Bruce 1988, pp. 32–35.
  55. Bruce 1988, p. 37.
  56. Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 204.
  57. Bruce 1988, p. 45.
  58. Bruce 1988, pp. 32, 47.
  59. ^ Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 205.
  60. Bruce 1988, p. 47.
  61. Bruce 1988, pp. 53, 71, 72.
  62. Croome & Jackson 1993, pp. 355–356, 464.
  63. Bruce 1988, pp. 73–76.
  64. Day & Reed 2010, p. 192.
  65. Bruce 1988, pp. 77–82.
  66. Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 464.
  67. Bruce 1988, pp. 23–24.
  68. Day & Reed 2010, p. 198.
  69. Croome & Jackson 1993, pp. 313–315.
  70. Bruce 1988, pp. 87–90.
  71. Bruce 1988, pp. 93–98.
  72. Bruce 1988, pp. 91–92.
  73. Bruce 1988, p. 106.
  74. Day & Reed 2010, p. 219.
  75. "Rolling Stock: 1972 Stock". Transport for London. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  76. "Rolling Stock: 1973 Stock". Transport for London. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  77. Bruce 1988, p. 122.
  78. Croome & Jackson 1993, pp. 472–473.
  79. "Rolling Stock: 1992 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  80. "Rolling Stock: 1995 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  81. "Rolling Stock: 1996 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  82. "Rolling Stock: 2009 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

Books

  • Bruce, J. Graeme (1983). Steam to Silver: A history of London Transport Surface Rolling Stock (2nd ed.). London: Capital Transport. ISBN 0-904711-45-5.
  • Bruce, J. Graeme (1988). London Underground Tube Stock. Shepperton: Ian Allan and London Transport Museum. ISBN 0-7110-1707-7.
  • Croome, D.; Jackson, A. (1993). Rails Through The Clay – A History of London's Tube Railways (2nd ed.). Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-151-1.
  • Day, John R.; Reed, John (2010) . The Story of London's Underground (11th ed.). Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-341-9.
  • Green, Oliver (1987). The London Underground — An illustrated history. Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1720-4.
  • Horne, Mike (2006). The District Line. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-292-5.

External links

Electric multiple units of Great Britain
AC units
(300–399)
AC units
DC units
(700–899)
AC units
(pre-TOPS)
DC units
(400–599)
DC units
(original TOPS)
DC units
(pre-TOPS)
Battery units
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Southern Railway
designations
Miscellaneous units
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Notes
  • 1: Renumbered as Class 332
  • 2: Renumbered as Class 325
  • 3: Renumbered as Class 701
  • 4: Renumbered as Class 720/6
  • 5: Bi- or tri-mode unit
  • 6: Renumbered as Class 802/2
  • 7: Renumbered as Class 810
  • 8: Grouping of different rolling stock types built to loading gauge of London Underground deep tube lines

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