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List of Looking Glass Studios video games

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Looking Glass Studios was an American video game developer founded in 1990 as Blue Sky Productions by Paul Neurath in Salem, New Hampshire. The company's first game was Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss in 1992, which received widespread critical acclaim and sold nearly 500,000 units. Looking Glass proceeded to develop titles in multiple genres, including role-playing, sports, flight simulation, and stealth video games. These titles were primarily published by Origin Systems, Electronic Arts and Eidos Interactive, with three titles self-published by Looking Glass Studios.

Looking Glass' products were praised for innovations in video game technology and design. Several of their successes, such as Flight Unlimited and Thief: The Dark Project, sold over half a million copies each. Poor sales of their final two self-published games—Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri (1996) and British Open Championship Golf (1997)—left the company in financial turmoil, however. This, combined with multiple failed business deals, including a temporary merger with Intermetrics from 1997 to 1999, led the company to close on May 24, 2000, and cancel several projects in development. Its final project, Jane's Attack Squadron, was completed by Mad Doc Software and released by Xicat Interactive in 2002. In total, Looking Glass Studios released 12 original games in its 10 years of activity, alongside several ports and other spin-offs.

Games

Title Details
Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss
Original release dates:
(FM Towns version) 		Release years by system:
1992 – DOS
1993 – FM Towns
1997 – PlayStation
2002 – Windows Mobile
Notes:
  • First-person computer role-playing game, set in the fantasy world of the Ultima series
  • Developed by Blue Sky Productions and published by Origin Systems
  • Ported in Japan to FM Towns by Origin
  • Ported to Windows Mobile by ZIO Interactive
John Madden Football '93
Original release dates:
 Release years by system:
1992 – Sega Genesis
Notes:
  • Genesis version of John Madden Football '93
  • Developed by Blue Sky Productions and published by Electronic Arts
Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth of Worlds
Original release dates:
  • NA: January 1993
 Release years by system:
1993 – DOS
Notes:
  • Sequel to Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss that continues the first-person computer role-playing game style, in the fantasy world of the Ultima series.
  • Developed by Looking Glass Technologies and published by Origin Systems
System Shock
Original release dates:
  • NA: September 23, 1994
  • PAL: 1994
 Release years by system:
1994 – DOS
1994 – Macintosh
Notes:
  • First-person science fiction game inspired by Ultima Underworld
  • Originally released on floppy discs; re-released months later on CD-ROM with voice acting
  • Developed by Looking Glass Technologies and published by Origin Systems
Flight Unlimited
Original release dates:
  • NA: June 7, 1995
  • PAL: June 7, 1995
 Release years by system:
1995 – DOS
1995 – Windows
1997 – Macintosh
Notes:
  • Aerobatic flight simulator that uses real-time computational fluid dynamics
  • The first game self-published by Looking Glass Technologies
  • A commercial success, with 780,000 units in sales
Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri
Original release dates:
  • NA: March 5, 1996
  • PAL: 1996
 Release years by system:
1996 – DOS
Notes:
  • Tactical shooter with squad mechanics and outdoor environments
  • Looking Glass Technologies' second self-published game
  • A commercial failure, with 100,000 units in sales
British Open Championship Golf
Original release date:
  • NA: April 30, 1997
 Release years by system:
1997 – Windows
Notes:
  • Golf game based on The Open Championship
  • Third and final self-published game by Looking Glass Technologies
  • A commercial failure
Flight Unlimited II
Original release dates:
  • NA: November 30, 1997
  • PAL: 1997
 Release years by system:
1997 – Windows
Notes:
  • Sequel to Flight Unlimited, focused on general aviation
  • Developed by Looking Glass Studios and published by Eidos Interactive
Thief: The Dark Project
Original release dates:
  • NA: December 1, 1998
  • PAL: 1998
 Release years by system:
1998 – Windows
Notes:
  • A first-person stealth game
  • Developed by Looking Glass Studios and published by Eidos Interactive
  • A commercial success, with over 500,000 units in sales
Command & Conquer
Original release dates:
  • NA: May 31, 1999
  • PAL: July 30, 1999
 Release years by system:
1999 – Nintendo 64
Notes:
System Shock 2
Original release dates:
 Release years by system:
1999 – Windows
Notes:
  • Sequel to System Shock
  • Developed by Looking Glass Studios and Irrational Games and published by Electronic Arts
  • Sega Dreamcast port was planned but cancelled
Flight Unlimited III
Original release dates:
  • NA: September 30, 1999
  • PAL: September 30, 1999
 Release years by system:
1999 – Windows
Notes:
  • A general aviation flight simulator and the third Flight Unlimited game
  • Developed by Looking Glass Studios and published by Electronic Arts
Destruction Derby 64
Original release dates:
  • NA: September 30, 1999
  • PAL: October 12, 1999
 Release years by system:
1999 – Nintendo 64
Notes:
  • A port of Destruction Derby to the Nintendo 64
  • Developed by Looking Glass Studios and published by THQ
Thief Gold
Original release dates:
  • NA: October 29, 1999
  • PAL: 1999
 Release years by system:
1999 – Windows
Notes:
  • Expanded re-release of Thief: The Dark Project that features three additional missions
  • Developed by Looking Glass Studios and published by Eidos Interactive
Thief II: The Metal Age
Original release dates:
  • NA: February 29, 2000
  • PAL: 2000
 Release years by system:
2000 – Windows
Notes:
  • Stealth game sequel to Thief: The Dark Project
  • Developed by Looking Glass Studios and published by Eidos Interactive
Jane's Attack Squadron
Original release dates:
  • NA: March 22, 2002
  • PAL: April 5, 2002
 Release years by system:
2002 – Windows
Notes:

Cancelled

Title Details
Voyager
Cancellation date:
Spring 1997 		Proposed system release:
1997 – Windows
Notes:
Junction Point
Cancellation date:
1997 		Proposed system release:
1998
Notes:
Deep Cover
Cancellation date:
2000 		Proposed system release:
Unannounced
Notes:
  • Stealth game set in modern day
  • Developed by Looking Glass Studios and Irrational Games and published by Microsoft
Thief II Gold
Cancellation date:
2000 		Proposed system release:
Unannounced
Notes:
  • Re-release of Thief II: The Metal Age
Thief III
Cancellation date:
2000 		Proposed system release:
Unannounced
Notes:
Mini Racers
Cancellation date:
2000 		Proposed system release:
Nintendo 64
Notes:
  • Model car racing game for the Nintendo 64
  • Developed by Looking Glass Studios and published by Nintendo
  • Completed but then cancelled due to the closure of Looking Glass Studios
Wildwaters
Cancellation date:
2000 		Proposed system release:
Nintendo 64
Notes:
  • Also known as "Extreme Kayak" and "X-Stream"
  • Kayak racing game for the Nintendo 64
  • Developed by Looking Glass Studios and published by Ubisoft

References

  1. Neurath, Paul (June 23, 2000). "The Story of Ultima Underworld". Through the Looking Glass. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
  2. Mallinson, Paul (April 16, 2002). "Feature: Games that changed the world: Ultima Underworld". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on February 11, 2007.
  3. ^ McDonald, T. Liam (August 2000). "Game Theory; Beyond the Looking Glass". Maximum PC. p. 31.
  4. ^ Au, Wagner James (June 20, 2000). "Game over". Salon.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2009.
  5. Olafson, Peter (August 3, 2000). "Game Theory; In Free-Spirited Play, a Departed Spirit Lives". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 24, 2011.
  6. ^ Takahashi, Dean (April 23, 2002). Opening the Xbox: Inside Microsoft's Plan to Unleash an Entertainment Revolution. Prima Lifestyle. pp. 41–44. ISBN 0-7615-3708-2.
  7. ^ Bray, Hiawatha (May 26, 2000). "Looking Glass, Closing, Laying of 60 Workers / Failed Deal Dooms Cambridge Game Developer". The Boston Globe. p. C3.
  8. AverStar (July 30, 1999). "Discontinued Operations". Registration No. 333-78517 (Report). Burlington, Massachusetts: NASDAQ. p. 25. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2012. In August 1997, we combined our computer and video game business with the operations of Looking Glass Technologies, Inc. to form Intermetrics Entertainment Software, LLC, or IES. After the combination, we owned 66% of IES and consolidated the results of IES' operations with our operations for our financial reporting purposes. In December 1998, we approved a plan of divestiture of IES by means of a distribution of our interest in IES to our stockholders. We effected the distribution in March 1999.
  9. Asher, Mark (August 2000). "read.me; Looking Glass Shuts Down". Computer Gaming World. No. 193.
  10. Weise, Matthew (March 4, 2012). "Looking Glass Studios Interview Series – Audio Podcast 10 – Paul Neurath". Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  11. "Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss". GameSpot. Archived from the original on December 17, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  12. ^ "An Interview With Looking Glass Technologies". Game Bytes. 1992. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  13. ^ "Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss for FM Towns". GameSpot. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  14. "Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss for PlayStation". GameSpot. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
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  16. ^ "John Madden Football '93 Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  17. Flanagan, T.S.; Berg, R.J. (December 1992). John Madden Football '93 manual. Electronic Arts.
  18. ^ Rouse III, Richard (2005). Game Design: Theory & Practice Second Edition. Wordware Publishing. 500–531. ISBN 1-55622-912-7.
  19. ^ "System Shock Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  20. Staff (October 7, 1994). "Spotlight; Back On Top". Point of Origin. Origin Systems: 1.
  21. "System Shock for Mac". GameSpot. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  22. Keefer, John (May 2000). "20 Questions with Warren Spector". GameSpy. Archived from the original on September 5, 2005. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  23. ^ "Looking Glass Technologies Ships Flight Unlimited Worldwide". PR Newswire. June 7, 1995.
  24. Scoleri III, Joseph. "Flight Unlimited for Windows 95". Allgame. Archived from the original on November 15, 2014. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  25. "Flight Unlimited for Mac". IGN. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  26. Schuytema, Paul (August 1995). "Hex, Bugs & Rock 'N Roll; Calculus Unlimited". Computer Gaming World. No. 133. pp. 174, 176, 178.
  27. ^ "Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  28. "Major Games Publishers Roll Out Key Titles with QSound". PR Newswire. March 18, 1996.
  29. Yee, Bernie (March 1995). "Through the Looking Glass". PC Gamer. pp. 62, 63, 65, 67, 69.
  30. ^ "British Open Championship Golf for PC". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  31. Quigley, Shane (May 22, 1997). "British Open Championship Golf". The Adrenaline Vault. Archived from the original on February 12, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  32. ^ "Flight Unlimited II Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  33. ^ "Thief: The Dark Project Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on March 30, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  34. Dunkin, Alan (December 1, 1998). "Thief on the Loose". GameSpot. Archived from the original on June 5, 2000. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
  35. ^ "Command & Conquer for N64 Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  36. ^ "System Shock 2 Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on September 9, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  37. Fudge, James (August 11, 1999). "System Shock 2 ships". Computer Games Magazine. Archived from the original on November 29, 1999. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  38. Smith, Quintin (2010-12-14). "Dark Engine Source Code Found In A Bag". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
  39. ^ "Flight Unlimited III Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  40. ^ "Destruction Derby 64 Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  41. ^ "Thief Gold Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  42. ^ Fudge, James (October 29, 1999). "Thief Gold Ships". Computer Games Magazine. Archived from the original on November 29, 2002. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  43. ^ "Thief II: The Metal Age". GameSpot. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  44. ^ "Jane's Attack Squadron Related Games". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  45. Atkin, Denny (July 2002). "Jane's Attack Squadron". Computer Gaming World. No. 216. p. 76.
  46. Cross, Jason (March 9, 2001). "An Irrational Tale". Computer Games Magazine. Archived from the original on February 6, 2005.
  47. Staff (December 28, 1996). "'Star Trek' fans can battle the Borg at home". The Augusta Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014.
  48. ^ "Viacom New Media forms a strategic alliance with Looking Glass Technologies, creator of groundbreaking interactive products; Viacom New Media and Looking Glass join forces on Star Trek: Voyager software". Business Wire. August 16, 1995.
  49. Chey, Jonathan (December 7, 1999). "Postmortem: Irrational Games' System Shock 2". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on August 15, 2009. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  50. ^ Feldman, Curt; Thorsen, Tor (March 8, 2005). "Warren Spector resurfaces at Junction Point". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  51. ^ "Eidos Interactive to Publish Games From Looking Glass; Flight Unlimited II, Sequel To The Award-Winning Civilian Flight Sim To Be The First From Eidos". Business Wire. September 9, 1997.
  52. Staff (March 1997). "An Interview with Warren Spector". Next Generation (27): 56.
  53. ^ Sterrett, James (May 31, 2000). "Reasons for the Fall: A Post-Mortem On Looking Glass Studios". Through the Looking Glass. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014.
  54. ^ Opii, Valoria (2000). "Once more through the Looking Glass". GameSpy. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  55. Hong, Quang (May 25, 2000). "Looking Glass Gone". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  56. ^ Ransom-Wiley, James (August 31, 2006). "Craigslist poster has unreleased Mini Racers, offering free N64 rom for services". Joystiq. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  57. ^ Staff (November 2, 1999). "Mini Racers". IGN. Archived from the original on March 7, 2000. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  58. "Wildwaters – Nintendo 64". IGN. Archived from the original on May 28, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
  59. ^ Staff. "Introducing Wildwaters". IGN. Archived from the original on March 10, 2000. Retrieved December 3, 2012.

External links

Looking Glass Studios
List of games
Ultima Underworld
System Shock
Thief
Flight Unlimited
Other games
Nintendo 64 ports
People
Related articles

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