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The governor of Maryland is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maryland and is the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state, and the constitutional powers of Maryland's governors make them among the most powerful governors in the United States.

The current governor is Democrat Wes Moore, who took office on January 18, 2023.

Governors

Maryland was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on April 28, 1788. Before it declared its independence, Maryland was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Under the constitution of 1776, governors were appointed by the General Assembly legislature to one-year terms. They could be reelected for two additional terms, though they must take four years off after leaving office. An 1838 constitutional amendment allowed for popular election of governors to three-year terms, though they could not succeed themselves. The 1851 constitution removed the term limit, and lengthened terms to four years, to commence on the second Wednesday of January following the election. Governors were limited to two consecutive terms beginning in 1948.

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864, abolished in 1867, and recreated in 1970. The lieutenant governor succeeds to the office of governor should it become vacant. In the original constitution, the first named of the Governor's Council would act as governor if it were vacant, until a new governor was selected; this was changed to the secretary of state in 1837. The 1867 constitution originally called for the General Assembly to immediately elect a new governor; if they were not in session, the president of the Senate would act as governor until one was elected.

Governors of the State of Maryland

No.	Governor			Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. Governor
1			Thomas Johnson (1732–1819)	March 21, 1777 – November 12, 1779 (did not run)	No party	1777	Office did not exist
						1778
2			Thomas Sim Lee (1745–1819)	November 12, 1779 – November 22, 1782 (term-limited)	No party	1779
						1780
						1781
3			William Paca (1740–1799)	November 22, 1782 – November 26, 1785 (term-limited)	No party	1782
						1783
						1784
4			William Smallwood (1732–1792)	November 26, 1785 – November 27, 1788 (term-limited)	No party	1785
						1786
						1787
5			John Eager Howard (1752–1827)	November 27, 1788 – November 14, 1791 (term-limited)	Federalist	1788
						1789
						1790
6			George Plater (1735–1792)	November 14, 1791 – February 10, 1792 (died in office)	Federalist	1791
—			James Brice (1746–1801)	February 10, 1792 – April 5, 1792 (successor took office)	Federalist	Senior council member acting
2			Thomas Sim Lee (1745–1819)	April 5, 1792 – November 17, 1794 (did not run)	Federalist	1792
						1793
7			John Hoskins Stone (1749–1804)	November 17, 1794 – November 28, 1797 (term-limited)	Federalist	1794
						1795
						1796
8			John Henry (1750–1798)	November 28, 1797 – November 14, 1798 (did not run)	Federalist	1797
9			Benjamin Ogle (1749–1809)	November 14, 1798 – November 10, 1801 (term-limited)	Federalist	1798
						1799
						1800
10			John Francis Mercer (1759–1821)	November 10, 1801 – November 13, 1803 (did not run)	Democratic- Republican	1801
						1802
11			Robert Bowie (1750–1818)	November 15, 1803 – November 12, 1806 (term-limited)	Democratic- Republican	1803
						1804
						1805
12			Robert Wright (1752–1826)	November 12, 1806 – May 6, 1809 (resigned)	Democratic- Republican	1806
						1807
						1808
—			James Butcher	May 6, 1809 – June 9, 1809 (successor took office)	Democratic- Republican	Senior council member acting
13			Edward Lloyd (1779–1834)	June 9, 1809 – November 16, 1811 (term-limited)	Democratic- Republican	June 1809 (special)
						Nov. 1809
						1810
11			Robert Bowie (1750–1818)	November 16, 1811 – November 23, 1812 (lost election)	Democratic- Republican	1811
14			Levin Winder (1757–1819)	November 23, 1812 – January 2, 1816 (term-limited)	Federalist	1812
						1813
						1814
15			Charles Carnan Ridgely (1760–1829)	January 2, 1816 – January 8, 1819 (term-limited)	Federalist	1815
						1816
						1817
16			Charles Goldsborough (1765–1834)	January 8, 1819 – December 20, 1819 (lost election)	Federalist	1818
17			Samuel Sprigg (1783–1855)	December 20, 1819 – December 16, 1822 (term-limited)	Democratic- Republican	1819
						1820
						1821
18			Samuel Stevens Jr. (1778–1860)	December 16, 1822 – January 9, 1826 (term-limited)	Democratic- Republican	1822
						1823
						1824
19			Joseph Kent (1779–1837)	January 9, 1826 – January 15, 1829 (term-limited)	Democratic- Republican	1826
						1827
						1828
20			Daniel Martin (1780–1831)	January 15, 1829 – January 15, 1830 (lost election)	Anti-Jacksonian	1829
21			Thomas King Carroll (1793–1873)	January 15, 1830 – January 13, 1831 (lost election)	Jacksonian	1830
20			Daniel Martin (1780–1831)	January 13, 1831 – July 11, 1831 (died in office)	Anti-Jacksonian	1831
22			George Howard (1789–1846)	July 11, 1831 – January 17, 1833 (did not run)	Anti-Jacksonian	Senior council member acting
						1832
23			James Thomas (1785–1845)	January 17, 1833 – January 14, 1836 (term-limited)	Anti-Jacksonian	1833
						1834
						1835
24			Thomas Veazey (1774–1842)	January 14, 1836 – January 7, 1839 (term-limited)	Whig	1836
						1837
						Jan. 1838
25			William Grason (1788–1868)	January 7, 1839 – January 3, 1842 (term-limited)	Democratic	Oct. 1838
26			Francis Thomas (1799–1876)	January 3, 1842 – January 6, 1845 (term-limited)	Democratic	1841
27			Thomas Pratt (1804–1869)	January 6, 1845 – January 3, 1848 (term-limited)	Whig	1844
28			Philip Francis Thomas (1810–1890)	January 3, 1848 – January 6, 1851 (term-limited)	Democratic	1847
29			Enoch Louis Lowe (1820–1892)	January 6, 1851 – January 11, 1854 (did not run)	Democratic	1850
30			Thomas Watkins Ligon (1810–1881)	January 11, 1854 – January 13, 1858 (did not run)	Democratic	1853
31			Thomas Holliday Hicks (1798–1865)	January 13, 1858 – January 8, 1862 (did not run)	American	1857
32			Augustus Bradford (1806–1881)	January 8, 1862 – January 10, 1866 (did not run)	Union	1861
33			Thomas Swann (1809–1883)	January 10, 1866 – January 13, 1869 (did not run)	Union	1864		Christopher Christian Cox
34			Oden Bowie (1826–1894)	January 13, 1869 – January 10, 1872 (did not run)	Democratic	1867	Office did not exist
35			William Pinkney Whyte (1824–1908)	January 10, 1872 – March 4, 1874 (resigned)	Democratic	1871
36			James Black Groome (1838–1893)	March 4, 1874 – January 12, 1876 (did not run)	Democratic	Elected governor by legislature
37			John Lee Carroll (1830–1911)	January 12, 1876 – January 14, 1880 (did not run)	Democratic	1875
38			William Thomas Hamilton (1820–1888)	January 14, 1880 – January 9, 1884 (did not run)	Democratic	1879
39			Robert Milligan McLane (1815–1898)	January 9, 1884 – March 27, 1885 (resigned)	Democratic	1883
40			Henry Lloyd (1852–1920)	March 27, 1885 – January 11, 1888 (did not run)	Democratic	President of the Senate acting
41			Elihu Emory Jackson (1837–1907)	January 11, 1888 – January 13, 1892 (did not run)	Democratic	1887
42			Frank Brown (1846–1920)	January 13, 1892 – January 8, 1896 (did not run)	Democratic	1891
43			Lloyd Lowndes Jr. (1845–1905)	January 8, 1896 – January 10, 1900 (lost election)	Republican	1895
44			John Walter Smith (1845–1925)	January 10, 1900 – January 13, 1904 (did not run)	Democratic	1899
45			Edwin Warfield (1848–1920)	January 13, 1904 – January 8, 1908 (did not run)	Democratic	1903
46			Austin Lane Crothers (1860–1912)	January 8, 1908 – January 10, 1912 (did not run)	Democratic	1907
47			Phillips Lee Goldsborough (1865–1946)	January 10, 1912 – January 12, 1916 (did not run)	Republican	1911
48			Emerson Harrington (1864–1945)	January 12, 1916 – January 14, 1920 (did not run)	Democratic	1915
49			Albert Ritchie (1876–1936)	January 14, 1920 – January 9, 1935 (lost election)	Democratic	1919
						1923
						1926
						1930
50			Harry Nice (1877–1941)	January 9, 1935 – January 11, 1939 (lost election)	Republican	1934
51			Herbert O'Conor (1896–1960)	January 11, 1939 – January 3, 1947 (resigned)	Democratic	1938
						1942
52			William Preston Lane Jr. (1892–1967)	January 3, 1947 – January 10, 1951 (lost election)	Democratic	Elected by legislature
						1946
53			Theodore McKeldin (1900–1974)	January 10, 1951 – January 14, 1959 (term-limited)	Republican	1950
						1954
54			J. Millard Tawes (1894–1979)	January 14, 1959 – January 25, 1967 (term-limited)	Democratic	1958
						1962
55			Spiro Agnew (1918–1996)	January 25, 1967 – January 7, 1969 (resigned)	Republican	1966
56			Marvin Mandel (1920–2015)	January 7, 1969 – January 17, 1979 (term-limited)	Democratic	1969 (special)		Blair Lee III
						1970
						1974
—			Blair Lee III (1916–1985)	June 4, 1977 – January 15, 1979 (did not run)	Democratic	Lieutenant governor acting		Acting as governor
57			Harry Hughes (1926–2019)	January 17, 1979 – January 21, 1987 (term-limited)	Democratic	1978		Samuel Bogley
						1982		J. Joseph Curran Jr.
58			William Donald Schaefer (1921–2011)	January 21, 1987 – January 18, 1995 (term-limited)	Democratic	1986		Melvin Steinberg
						1990
59			Parris Glendening (b. 1942)	January 18, 1995 – January 15, 2003 (term-limited)	Democratic	1994		Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
						1998
60			Bob Ehrlich (b. 1957)	January 15, 2003 – January 17, 2007 (lost election)	Republican	2002		Michael Steele
61			Martin O'Malley (b. 1963)	January 17, 2007 – January 21, 2015 (term-limited)	Democratic	2006		Anthony Brown
						2010
62			Larry Hogan (b. 1956)	January 21, 2015 – January 18, 2023 (term-limited)	Republican	2014		Boyd Rutherford
						2018
63			Wes Moore (b. 1978)	January 18, 2023 – Incumbent	Democratic	2022		Aruna Miller

Notes

1. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864, abolished in 1867, and recreated in 1970.
2. Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
3. ^ Under the 1776 constitution, governors were limited to no more than three years successively, and ineligible until four years after they had been out of office.
4. Wright resigned due to a loss of popularity, and to secure a seat on the Maryland Court of Appeals, though he was not appointed to it.
5. Special election to fill the remainder of Robert Wright's term.
6. ^ Under an 1837 amendment to the constitution, elected governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.
7. Sobel says Lowe was limited from succeeding himself due to an 1846 amendment, but this appears to be in error.
8. Whyte resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
9. McLane resigned, having been confirmed as United States Minister to France.
10. ^ O'Conor resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate. Lane, who won the election, was elected by the legislature to succeed O'Conor immediately, five days before he would have taken office.
11. ^ Under a 1948 amendment to the constitution, governors who have served two consecutive elected terms are ineligible for the next term.
12. Agnew resigned, having been elected Vice President of the United States.
13. Mandel was elected by the Maryland General Assembly to fill the vacancy left by Agnew's resignation.
14. ^ Mandel named Lieutenant Governor Lee acting governor on June 4, 1977, as he was dealing with charges of mail fraud and racketeering, and citing health reasons; he would be found guilty in August, and sentenced to four years in prison in October. He rescinded the designation on January 15, 1979, two days before the end of the term; he then made Lee acting governor again for a time on January 16 so he could preside at the installation of a judge on the Court of Appeals.
15. Moore's first term will expire January 20, 2027.

See also

• Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States#Maryland
• List of Maryland General Assemblies

References

General

• "Former Maryland Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
• Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. II. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
• Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
• Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
• Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
• Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
• "Governors of Maryland". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
• "Our Campaigns - Governor of Maryland - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.

Specific

1. "Maryland Governor – Origin & Functions". Maryland Manual Online. Maryland State Archives. January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
2. Prah, Pamela (March 9, 2007). "Massachusetts gov rated most powerful (archived)". Stateline.Org. Archived from the original on May 28, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
3. Cox, Erin; Wiggins, Ovetta (January 18, 2023). "Wes Moore to be sworn in, making history as Md.'s first Black governor". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
4. "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Maryland; April 28, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
5. "Governor". Guide to Government Records. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
6. "Maryland Lieutenant Governor". Maryland Manual On-Line. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
7. 1867 Const, original, art. II, § 2, accessed March 4, 2023
8. Dayhoff, Kevin (December 7, 2005). "Why We Have a Lieutenant Governor". The Tentacle. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
9. Papenfouse, Edward. The Archives of Maryland, new series, An Historical List of Public Officials of Maryland. Vol. I. Annapolis, MD: Maryland State Archives: 1990.
10. "Thomas Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
11. "Thomas Johnson". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
12. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Feb. 1777 sess., 44, accessed September 18, 2023
13. ^ Glashan 1979, p. 130.
14. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 646–647.
15. ^ "Thomas Sim Lee". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
16. ^ "Thomas Sim Lee". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
17. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1779 sess., 4, accessed September 18, 2023
18. "1776 Md. Const. art. 31". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
19. "William Paca". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
20. "William Paca". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
21. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1782 sess., 6, accessed September 18, 2023
22. "William Smallwood". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
23. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1785 sess., 10, accessed September 18, 2023
24. Sobel 1978, p. 645.
25. "John Eager Howard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
26. "John Eager Howard". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
27. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1788 sess., 7, accessed September 18, 2023
28. Sobel 1978, p. 646.
29. "George Plater". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
30. "George Plater". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
31. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1791 sess., 5, accessed September 18, 2023
32. "James Brice". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
33. "A Proclamation". Maryland Gazette. February 16, 1792. p. 2. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
34. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Apr. 1792 sess., 63, accessed September 18, 2023
35. Sobel 1978, pp. 647–648.
36. "John Hoskins Stone". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
37. "John Hoskins Stone". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
38. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1794 sess., 3, accessed September 18, 2023
39. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 96.
40. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 648–649.
41. "John Henry". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
42. "John Henry". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
43. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1797 sess., 10, accessed September 18, 2023
44. Sobel 1978, p. 649.
45. "Benjamin Ogle". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
46. "Benjamin Ogle". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
47. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1798 sess., 4, accessed September 18, 2023
48. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 650.
49. "John Francis Mercer". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
50. "John Francis Mercer". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
51. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1801 sess., 8, accessed September 18, 2023
52. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 650–651.
53. ^ "Robert Bowie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
54. ^ "Robert Bowie". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
55. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1803 sess., 6, accessed September 19, 2023
56. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 651–652.
57. ^ "Robert Wright". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
58. ^ "Robert Wright". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
59. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1806 sess., 6, accessed September 19, 2023
60. "A Proclamation". Maryland Gazette. May 24, 1809. p. 4. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
61. ^ Kallenbach 1977, pp. 254–256.
62. Sobel 1978, pp. 652–653.
63. "Edward Lloyd". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
64. "Edward Lloyd". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
65. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. June 1809 sess., 10, accessed September 19, 2023
66. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1811 sess., 295, accessed September 19, 2023
67. Sobel 1978, pp. 653–654.
68. "Levin Winder". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
69. "Levin Winder". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
70. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1812 sess., 136, accessed September 19, 2023
71. Sobel 1978, p. 654.
72. "Charles Carnan Ridgely". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
73. "Charles Ridgely of Hampton". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
74. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1815 sess., 123, accessed September 19, 2023
75. Sobel 1978, p. 655.
76. "Charles Goldsborough". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
77. "Charles Goldborough". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
78. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1818 sess., 14, accessed September 19, 2023
79. Sobel 1978, pp. 655–656.
80. "Samuel Sprigg". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
81. "Samuel Sprigg". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
82. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1819 sess., 11, accessed September 19, 2023
83. Sobel 1978, pp. 656–657.
84. "Samuel Stevens". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
85. "Samuel Stevens, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
86. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1822 sess., 30, accessed September 19, 2023
87. Sobel 1978, pp. 657–658.
88. "Joseph Kent". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
89. "Joseph Kent". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
90. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1826 sess., 25, accessed September 19, 2023
91. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 658–659.
92. ^ "Daniel Martin". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
93. ^ "Daniel Martin". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
94. "Legislature of Maryland". Maryland Gazette. January 22, 1829. p. 4. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
95. Sobel 1978, p. 659.
96. "Thomas King Carroll". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
97. "Thomas King Carroll". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
98. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1830 sess., 147, accessed September 19, 2023
99. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1830 sess., 43, accessed September 19, 2023
100. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 660.
101. "George Howard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
102. "George Howard". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
103. "The New Governor". The Torch Light And Public Advertiser. July 21, 1831. p. 4. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
104. Sobel 1978, pp. 660–661.
105. "James Thomas". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
106. "James Thomas". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
107. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1833 sess., 48, accessed September 19, 2023
108. Sobel 1978, pp. 661–662.
109. "Thomas Ward Veazey". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
110. "Thomas W. Veazey". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
111. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1835 sess., 38, accessed September 19, 2023
112. "Md. Acts 1836, Chp. 197, § 23" (PDF). Retrieved December 19, 2023.
113. Sobel 1978, pp. 662–663.
114. "William Grason". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
115. "William Grason". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
116. "Inauguration of Governor Grason". The Baltimore Sun. January 9, 1839. p. 2. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
117. Sobel 1978, p. 663.
118. "Francis Thomas". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
119. "Francis Thomas". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
120. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1841 sess., 51, accessed September 19, 2023
121. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 97.
122. Sobel 1978, p. 664.
123. "Thomas George Pratt". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
124. "Thomas G. Pratt". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
125. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1844 sess., 34, accessed September 19, 2023
126. Sobel 1978, pp. 664–665.
127. "Phillip Francis Thomas". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
128. "Philip Francis Thomas". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
129. "Inaugural Message of Governor Thomas". The Baltimore Sun. January 4, 1848. p. 2. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
130. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 665–666.
131. "Enoch Louis Lowe". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
132. "Enoch Louis Lowe". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
133. "Proceedings of the Maryland Constitutional Reform Convention". The Baltimore Sun. January 7, 1851. p. 1. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
134. Sobel 1978, pp. 666–667.
135. "Thomas Watkins Ligon". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
136. "Thomas Watkins Ligon". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
137. "Inauguration of Gov. Ligon". The Baltimore Sun. January 12, 1854. p. 2. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
138. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 98.
139. Sobel 1978, p. 667.
140. "Thomas Holliday Hicks". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
141. "Thomas Holliday Hicks". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
142. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Jan. 1858 sess., 49, accessed September 19, 2023
143. Sobel 1978, p. 668.
144. "Augustus Williamson Bradford". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
145. "Augustus W. Bradford". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
146. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1862 sess., 88, accessed September 19, 2023
147. Sobel 1978, p. 669.
148. "Thomas Swann". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
149. "Thomas Swann". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
150. Sobel 1978, p. 670.
151. "Oden Bowie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
152. "Oden Bowie". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
153. "Inauguration of Governor Bowie". The Baltimore Sun. January 14, 1869. p. 1. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
154. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 670–671.
155. "William Pinkney Whyte". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
156. "William Pinkney Whyte". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
157. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1872 sess., 31, accessed September 19, 2023
158. Sobel 1978, pp. 671–672.
159. "James Black Groome". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
160. "James Black Groome". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
161. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1874 sess., 472, accessed September 19, 2023
162. Sobel 1978, p. 672.
163. "John Lee Carroll". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
164. "John Lee Carroll". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
165. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1876 sess., 29, accessed September 19, 2023
166. Sobel 1978, p. 673.
167. "William Thomas Hamilton". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
168. "William T. Hamilton". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
169. "The Governor's Inauguration". The Baltimore Sun. January 15, 1880. p. 1. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
170. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 673–674.
171. "Robert Milligan McLane". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
172. "Robert M. McLane". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
173. "Gov. Robert M. M'Lane". The Baltimore Sun. January 10, 1884. p. 1. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
174. Sobel 1978, p. 674.
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177. "Gov. McLane's Resignation". Evening Capital. March 27, 1885. p. 1. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
178. Sobel 1978, pp. 674–675.
179. "Elihu Emory Jackson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
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181. "The Inauguration". Evening Capital. January 11, 1888. p. 4. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
182. Sobel 1978, p. 675.
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185. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1892 sess., 34, accessed September 21, 2023
186. Sobel 1978, p. 676.
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189. "Maryland's Republican Governor". Evening Capital. January 8, 1896. p. 1. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
190. Sobel 1978, pp. 676–677.
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194. Sobel 1978, p. 677.
195. "Edwin Warfield". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
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197. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1904 sess., 85, accessed September 21, 2023
198. Sobel 1978, p. 678.
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201. "New Governor Plights Faith to the People". The Baltimore Sun. January 9, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
202. Sobel 1978, pp. 678–679.
203. "Phillips Lee Goldsborough". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
204. "Phillips Lee Goldsborough". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
205. "Gov. Goldsborough Welcomed by Throng in Cold White Capital". The Evening Sun. January 10, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
206. Sobel 1978, p. 679.
207. "Emerson Columbus Harrington". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
208. "Emerson C. Harrington". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
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210. Sobel 1978, p. 680.
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214. Sobel 1978, pp. 680–681.
215. "Harry Whinna Nice". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
216. "Harry W. Nice". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
217. "Nice Calls for Speedy Aid to Needy". The Evening Sun. January 9, 1935. p. 1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
218. Sobel 1978, p. 681.
219. "Herbert Romulus O'Conor". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
220. "Herbert R. O'Conor". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
221. O'Donnell, Louis J. (January 12, 1939). "State Faces New Taxes, O'Conor Declares After Taking Oath As Governor". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
222. O'Neill, Thomas (January 3, 1947). "Lane Elected Governor by Legislature". The Baltimore Sun. p. 26. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
223. Sobel 1978, p. 682.
224. "William Preston Lane". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
225. "William Preston Lane, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
226. Sobel 1978, pp. 682–683.
227. "Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
228. "Theodore R. McKeldin". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
229. Jacobs, Bradford (January 10, 1951). "New Governor Takes Office; Lays Stress on Civil Defense". The Evening Sun. p. 1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
230. "Md. Const. amend. 90". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
231. Sobel 1978, pp. 683–684.
232. "J. Millard Tawes". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
233. "J. Millard Tawes". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
234. "Tawes Sworn In As 59th Governor of Maryland". The Cumberland News. Associated Press. January 15, 1959. p. 2. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
235. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 684.
236. "Spiro Theodore Agnew". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
237. "Spiro T. Agnew". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
238. Levine, Richard H. (January 26, 1967). "Agnew Takes Oath As 5th GOP Governor". The Baltimore Sun. p. C20. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
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243. Sobel 1978, pp. 685–686.
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263. "Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
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