The Oslo Tramway is a six-line tram and light rail network that serves the central parts of Oslo, Norway, of which three lines stretch into the suburbs. The Oslo Metro is a six-line rapid transit system that covers all boroughs of Oslo and some of western Bærum. Currently, the infrastructure of both systems is owned by the municipal company Sporveien (Kollektivtransportproduksjon). The tramway is operated by the subsidiary Sporveien Trikken (previously Oslotrikken), while the metro is operated by Sporveien T-banen (previously Oslo T-banedrift) and the rolling stock is owned by the subsidiary Oslo Vognselskap. All operations are conducted on contract with Ruter, the public transport authority for Oslo and Akershus, which operates the ticket system and manages public grants.
Throughout the history of the Oslo Tramway and Metro, 15 different companies have owned, constructed or operated parts or all of the network. The first street trams in Oslo were built by three different companies, each with their own network. The private Kristiania Sporveisselskab started with a horsecar service in 1875, but electrified their lines after Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei started with electric trams in 1894. Between 1899 and 1905, the municipality operated street trams through Kristiania Kommunale Sporveie. Starting in 1898, the private Holmenkolbanen, and later the municipal Akersbanerne and private Ekebergbanen, built suburban light rail systems. In 1924, the city took over the street trams and established Oslo Sporveier. After the municipal merger between Aker and Oslo in 1948, the Municipality of Oslo became the major stock holder of Holmenkolbanen. Bærumsbanen was taken over by Oslo Sporveier in 1944, and in 1971 disestablished. The private light rail lines were gradually nationalized and transferred to Oslo Sporveier, which operated the entire network by 1975. The metro was established in 1966 and was operated by Oslo Sporveier, which also operated the city's buses and contracted the ferries.
From 2003 to 2008, the operations were again split. In 2003, the operations of the trams and metro trains were transferred to Oslotrikken (originally named Oslo Sporvognsdrift) and Oslo T-banedrift, respectively. In 2006, Oslo Sporveier was split into the infrastructure company Kollektivtransportproduksjon and a public transport authority, the latter of which kept the Oslo Sporveier name. From 2007, the ownership of the trams and trains was transferred to Oslo Vognselskap. In 2008, Oslo Sporveier merged with its Akershus counterpart, Stor-Oslo Lokaltrafikk, to create Ruter.
Operators
The following table lists companies involved in the operation of the Oslo Tramway and the Oslo Metro. Infrastructure owners (denoted as "infrastructure") only own track and station, leasing these to other companies; if the lessors only operate trains, and have no track themselves, they are operators (denoted as "operator"). Transit authorities (denoted as "authority") do not perform any operations, instead managing tickets and fares, including transfers, marketing and subsidies. Rolling stock owners (denoted as "rolling stock") own the trains and trams, which are leased to an operator. Integrated companies (denoted "integrated") manage all before-mentioned aspects.
The list further specifies the lines or category of lines the company operated, the company's owner, the year the company commenced operations (denoted "com" - which may or may not be the same year the company was established), the year the company ceased operations (although the formal termination of the company may have occurred later) and the successor company. Lines which are no longer in use and light rails which would later be upgraded by Oslo Sporveier to metro are both noted, as are companies owned by Oslo Municipality via Sporveien.
| † | Line is no longer in use |
|---|---|
| * | Line would later be upgraded to metro |
| # | Company only operated these lines, and did not own them |
| ¤ | Owned by Oslo Municipality via Sporveien |
References
- Notes
- "Welcome to Oslo Trams website". Oslotrikken. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ^ Aspenberg 1994, pp. 32–3.
- "Linjekart" [Line map] (PDF). Ruter. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2009. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ^ "Årsberetning 2006 – Kollektivtransportproduksjon AS" [Annual Report 2006 – Kollektivtransportproduksjon AS] (PDF) (in Norwegian). Kollektivtransportproduksjon. 21 March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ^ "Årsrapport 2008" [Annual Report 2008] (PDF) (in Norwegian). Ruter. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- Hartmann & Mangset 2001, p. 51.
- Hartmann & Mangset 2001, pp. 60–1.
- Aspenberg 1994, p. 9.
- Aspenberg 1994, p. 15.
- ^ Hartmann & Mangset 2001, pp. 84–9.
- Aspenberg 1995, p. 36.
- ^ Aspenberg 1994, p. 19.
- Aspenberg 1994, p. 29.
- ^ "Årsrapport 2003" [Annual Report 2003] (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslotrikken. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ^ "Fakta om Oslotrikken" [Facts about the Oslo Tramway] (in Norwegian). Oslotrikken. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- Aspenberg 1994, pp. 16–7.
- Aspenberg 1995, p. 17.
- ^ Nilsen 1998, p. 130–41.
- Aspenberg 1994, p. 18.
- Fristad 1987, pp. 27–8.
- ^ Aspenberg 1994, pp. 6–11.
- Fristad 1987, pp. 101–2.
- Fristad 1987, pp. 137–41.
- Aspenberg 1995, pp. 10, 17.
- Nilsen 1998, pp. 140–1.
- Bibliography
- Aspenberg, Nils C. (1994). Trikker og forstadsbaner i Oslo (in Norwegian). Oslo: Baneforlaget. ISBN 82-91448-03-5.
- Aspenberg, Nils C. (1995). Neste stopp Makrellbekken (in Norwegian). Oslo: Baneforlaget. ISBN 82-91448-18-3.
- Fristad, Hans A. (1987). Oslo-trikken: Storbysjel på skinner (in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. ISBN 82-05-17358-3.
- Hartmann, Eivind; Mangset, Øistein (2001). Neste stopp!: verneplan for bygninger (in Norwegian). Oslo: Baneforlaget. ISBN 82-91448-17-5.
- Nilsen, Knut A. (1998). Nordmarkstrikken: Holmenkollbanen gjennom 100 år (in Norwegian). Oslo: Aschehoug. ISBN 82-03-22262-5.
Categories: