List of Ottoman conquests, sieges and landings

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The following is a list of Ottoman sieges and landings from the late 1200s to World War I.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (July 2010)

Rise (1299–1453)

Main article: Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Event	Date	Result
Conquest of the island of Kalolimnos (present day İmralı Island) and the beginning of Ottoman presence in the Sea of Marmara Conquest of Gallipoli (Battle of Gallipoli (1312))	1308 1312
Conquest of Mudanya by the Ottoman Emirate and the first Ottoman landings in Thrace, southeastern Europe	1321
Conquest of the strategic port city and gulf of Gemlik on the Marmara Sea by the Ottoman Emirate	1333
Naval victories of Umur Bey against the Serbian infantry, Byzantine and Genoese fleets off the Aegean coasts of Anatolia, Rhodes, the Dardanelles Strait, Macedonia and Morea (Battle of Stephaniana)	1334–1348
Conquest of Üsküdar (formerly Scutari or Chrysopolis) and Kadıköy (formerly Chalcedon) on the Anatolian side of İstanbul, the Marmara Island, Thrace and Gallipoli, Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357, Conquest of Byzantine Empire, Serbian Empire, Second Bulgarian Empire (Battle of Demotika)	1352
First Ottoman landings in Attica, Morea and the Adriatic Sea	1372
First conquests and acquisitions in North Macedonia (Battle of Maritsa, Mrnjavčević lands)	1371 1373
Conquest of Moravian Serbia (Battle of Dubravnica) Siege and conquest of Sofia Siege and conquest of Niš and Pirot (Battle of Pločnik) Siege and conquest of Thessaloniki and Macedonia (Greece)	1381 1385 1386 1387
Conquest of southern Bosnia and Herzegovina (Battle of Bileća) Conquest of most of the southern Balkans (Battle of Kosovo) including northern Bulgaria and Wallachia	1388 1389
Landings at Chios, Euboea, Attica, Morea	1390–1391
Conquest of northern Albania and southern Montenegro	1392
Landings at Morea	1394
Ottoman blockade of Constantinople (1394–1402) begins Conquest of Wallachia (Battle of Rovine)	1394 1395
Reconquest of northern Bulgaria (Battle of Nicopolis) Conquest of Albania	1396
Conquest of several coastal settlements on the Aegean Sea coasts of Greece and of several Anatolian beyliks on the Black Sea coasts of Anatolia	1397
Landings at Thessaly, Morea, Albania and Epirus Conquest against Mongols (Battle of Ankara)	1397–1399 1402
Second Ottoman siege of Constantinople	1411
First conquest of Kurvingrad Conquest of several islands in the Aegean Sea	1413 1415–1416
Conquest of the strategic port of Samsun in the Black Sea	1417
Third Ottoman siege of Constantinople	1422
Reconquest of Albania, conquests of several coastal settlements in Morea	1423
Ottoman-Venetian War	1423–1430
Conquest of the strategic port of Sinop (Sinope) in the Black Sea	1424
Conquest of Smyrna from the Anatolian Beylik of that city	1426
Reconquest of Thessalonica	1422–1430
Conquest of Ioannina	1430
First siege of Belgrade First siege and conquest of Novo Brdo (Novo Brdo Fortress) Attempted reconquest of Albania (see Siege of Krujë (1450))	1440 1441-1444 1448–1450
Conquest of Arta, in Epirus Second conquest of Kurvingrad	1449 1451
Conquest of Constantinople (İstanbul), Imbros (currently Gökçeada), Lemnos and Thasos	1453

Growth (1453–1550)

Main article: Growth of the Ottoman Empire

Event	Date	Result
Landings at the Dodecanese Islands Second Conquest of Novo Brdo (Novo Brdo Fortress) Second siege of Belgrade (Siege of Belgrade (1456))	1454 1455 1456
Conquest of Despotate of the Morea, Serbian Despotate and the Duchy of Athens	1458 1459 1460
Conquest of the Empire of Trebizond and the Genoese colony of Amasra	1461
Conquest of the Genoese islands in the northern Aegean Sea, including Lesbos	1462
Conquest of Kingdom of Bosnia and the castle of Riniassa and its dependent region of Preveza	1463
Ottoman-Venetian War	1463–1479
Conquest of castles and forts in Albania and failed sieges of Krujë (see Siege of Krujë (1466) and Siege of Krujë (1467))	1466
Siege of Negroponte (1470)	1470
Siege of Shkodër Archived 10 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine	1474
Conquest of Crimea	1475
Conquest of Venetian forts in Albania and second siege of Shkodra	1477 1478
Landings at Lepanto in Greece and Veneto in Italy	1477 1478
Conquest of Vonitsa, Lefkas, Cephalonia, and Zante	1463
First siege and capture of Otranto	1480
First siege of Rhodes Conquest of Herzegovina	1480 1481 1482
Ottoman conquest of Kilia (Kiliya) and Akkerman(Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi)	1484
Landings at the Balearic Islands, Corsica and Pisa	1487 1490
Landings at Elche, Almeria, Málaga	1490 1495
Landings at the Gulf of Taranto	1496
Conquest of Montenegro (Zeta under the Crnojevići)	1496 1499
Ottoman-Venetian Wars	1499 1503
Battle of Zonchio	1499
Landings at Corfu	1500
Capture of the Isle of Pianosa	1501
Capture of several towns in Sardinia	1501
Landings at Piombino	1501
Landings at the Balearic Islands and Andalusia	1501
Reconquest of Morea	1503
Landings at Rhodes, Calabria, Sicily and Andalusia	1505
Landings at Sicily	1506
Landings at Liguria	1508 1509
Landings at Capo Passero in Sicily	1510
Landings at Bougie, Oran and Algiers	1510
Landings at Reggio Calabria	1511
Conquest of Moldavia	1512
Landings at Andalusia and Minorca	1512
Landings at Alicante, Malaga, Cherchell	1513 1514
Capture of Jijel in Algeria and Mahdiya in Tunisia	1514
Bombardment of Bougie, landings at Ceuta, Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily	1514
Conquest of Syria	1516
Conquest of Algeria from Spain	1516 1517
Landings at Elba and Liguria	1516
Conquest of Egypt and the end of the Mameluke Empire	1517
Landings at Capo Limiti, Capo Rizzuto, Calabria	1517
Landings at Provence, Toulon and the Îles d'Hyères in France	1519
Third siege and conquest of Belgrade (Siege of Belgrade (1521)) Landings at the Balearic Islands	1521
Siege of Knin	1522
Conquest of Rhodes from the Knights of St. John, who relocate their base first to Sicily and later to Malta	1522
Landings at Sardinia	1525
Capture of Capo Passero in Sicily	1526
Landings at Crotone, Reggio Calabria, Castignano, Capo Spartivento, Messina, Tuscany, Campania	1526
Conquest of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia and Bosnia	1527
Landings at Italian and Spanish coastal towns	1527
Ottoman-Spanish War near the Isle of Formentera	1529
Capture of the Isle of Peñón	1529
Landings at Andalusia	1529
Capture of the Isle of Cabrera	1530
Landings at Sicily, the Balearic Islands, Marseilles, Provence, Liguria, Sardinia, Piombino	1530
Landings at the Isle of Favignana, Calabria, Puglia, Tripoli, Spain	1531
Landings at Sardinia, Bonifacio, Montecristo, Elba, Lampedusa, Messina, Calabria	1532
First conquest of Tunisia from Spain, reconquest of Morea	1534
Capture of San Lucido, Cetraro, Capri, Procida, Tunis	1534
Landings at Reggio Calabria, Gaeta, Villa Santa Lucia, Sant'Isidoro, Sperlonga, Fondi, Terracina, Ostia, Ponza, Sicily, Sardinia, bombardment of the ports at the Gulf of Naples	1534
Recapture of Capri	1535
Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Tlemcen	1535
Siege of Klis	1537
Conquest of the Duchy of Naxos, Syros, Aegina, Ios, Paros, Tinos, Karpathos, Kasos	1537
Second siege and capture of Otranto, Castro, Ugento	1537
Landings at Calabria and Corfu	1537
Battle of Preveza	1538
Conquest of Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi) in Dalmatia	1538
Conquest of Aden and Yemen from the Portuguese, Jeddah and Hijaz in Arabia	1538 1539
Capture of Diu in India	1538
Capture of the Gulf of Preveza, Isle of Lefkada, eastern Adriatic and Aegean islands belonging to the Republic of Venice, Candia in Crete	1538
Ottoman-Portuguese Wars in the Indian Ocean	1538 1566
Landings at Crete in Greece and Gujarat in India	1538
Conquest of Risan, Skiathos, Skyros, Andros and Serifos	1539
Reconquest of Castelnuovo	1539
Landings at Cattaro and Pesaro, Corfu, Crete	1539
Capture of Gozo, Pantelleria, Capraia, conquest of Serbia	1540
Landings at Sicily, Corsica, Spain	1540
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in Algiers	1541
Capture of Esztergom, Hungary	1543
Capture of Reggio Calabria, Messina, Nice, Antibes, Île Sainte-Marguerite, Monaco, San Remo, La Turbie	1543
Landings at Campania, Lazio, venturing into the Tiber River near Rome	1543
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea, assault on the Kingdom of Naples	1544
Capture of Bonifacio in Corsica, Castiglione della Pescaia, Talamone, Orbetello, Grosseto, Montiano, Porto Ercole, Isle of Giglio, Ischia, Forio, and the Isle of Procida	1544
Landings at San Remo, Borghetto Santo Spirito, Ceriale, Vado Ligure, Piombino, Civitavecchia, Sardinia, Gozo, Pozzuoli, Capo Palinuro, Catona, Fiumara, Calanna, Cariati, Lipari	1544
Capture of Capraia, Monterosso, Corniglia, Rapallo, Pegli, Levanto	1545
Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Liguria, Menarola, Riomaggiore, La Spezia	1545
Capture of Mahdiya, Sfax, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia; Laigueglia and Andora in Liguria; Gozo in Malta	1546
Landings at Liguria, San Lorenzo al Mare	1546
Reconquest of Yemen from the Portuguese	1547 1548
Recapture of Gozo in Malta	1547
Landings at both islands of Malta, Sicily, Aeolian Islands, Salina Island, Puglia, Salve, Calabria, Corsica	1547
Capture of Castellamare di Stabia, Pozzuoli and Procida at the Gulf of Naples	1548
Landings at Rapallo, San Fruttuoso, Portofino, San Remo, Corsica, Calabria	1549
Recapture of Mahdiya, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia, Rapallo in Liguria	1550
Landings at Sardinia, Spain, Corsica, Gozo, Liguria, Mahdiya, Tunis, Djerba	1550

Transformation (1550-1700)

Main article: Transformation of the Ottoman Empire

Event	Date	Result
Raid on Gozo, capture of Taggia and Riva Brigoso in Liguria	1551
Siege of Tripoli (Conquest of Libya from Spain and Malta)	1551
Landings at the Adriatic ports, Sicily	1551
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Ponza	1552
Conquest of Oman, Hormuz and Qatar from the Portuguese	1552
Capture of Pantelleria, Ponza, Massa Lubrense, Sorrento, Pozzuoli, Minturno, Nola	1552
Landings at Augusta and Licata in Sicily, Taormina, Gulf of Policastro, Palmi, Gulf of Naples, Sardinia, Corsica, Lazio	1552
Capture of Crotone and Castello in Calabria; Marciana Marina, Rio and Capoliveri in Elba. Invasion of Corsica (Capture of Bonifacio, Bastia and Calvi). Recapture of Pianosa and Capri.	1553
Landings at Sicily, Tavolara, Sardinia, Porto Ercole, Piombino, Portoferraio	1553
Capture of Vieste near Foggia; Elba and Corsica	1554
Landings at Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, Orbetello and Tuscany	1554
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Piombino	1555
Capture of Paola and Santo Noceto in Calabria, Papulonia in Elba; Bastia in Corsica; Ospedaletti in Liguria	1555
Landings at Capo Vaticano, Ceramica, San Lucido in Calabria; Piombino in Elba; Calvi in Corsica; Sardinia; San Remo and Liguria	1555
Capture of Bergeggi and San Lorenzo in Liguria; Gafsa in Tunisia	1556
Landings at Lampedusa	1556
Capture of Cariati in Calabria	1557
Landings at the Gulf of Taranto and Puglia	1557
Capture of Gharyan, Misratah, Tagiora, Djerba, Reggio Calabria, Aeolian Islands, Massa Lubrense, Cantone, Sorrento, Minorca	1558
Landings at the Strait of Messina, Amalfi, Gulf of Salerno, Torre del Greco, Tuscany, Piombino, Spain	1558
Battle of Djerba	1560
Landings at Stromboli, Gozo, Gulf of Naples	1561
Siege of Oran	1562
Capture of Granada in Spain; Naples in Italy and the fortresses around the city, Chiaia	1563
Landings at Malaga, another siege on Spanish-controlled Oran and Mers-el-Kebir; landings at Liguria, Sardinia, Oristano, Marcellino, Ercolento, Puglia, Abruzzo, San Giovanni near Messina, Capo Passero in Sicily, Gozo in Malta	1563
Ottoman expedition to Aceh (Annexation of Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia, upon request by Sultan Alaaddin of Aceh who declares allegiance to the Ottoman Empire and asks for protection against Portuguese aggression)	1565
Siege of Malta (including capture of Fort Saint Elmo and the Bastion of Castille on Fort Saint Michael)	1565
Siege of Szigetvár	1566
Conquest of Chios and the end of Genoese presence in the Aegean	1566
Landings at Puglia	1566
First Ottoman naval forces are stationed on Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia	1569
Landings at Sumatra in Indonesia	1569
Battle of Gozo	1570
Conquest of Cyprus from the Republic of Venice, sieges of Nicosia and Famagusta	1570–1571
Reconquest of Dalmatia from the Republic of Venice	1571
Landings at Corfu	1571
Battle of Lepanto	1571
Landings at Puglia and Corfu	1573
Reconquest of Tunisia from Spain	1574
Landings at Morocco	1574
Landings at Calabria	1576
Defeat of the Portuguese fleet off the coast of Morocco	1578
Reconquest of Crimea and parts of Ukraine	1584
Capture of Lanzarote of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean	1585
Recapture of Esztergom, Hungary	1605
Defeat of the French-Maltese fleet in the Levant	1609
Landings at Malta and southern Morea	1614
Landings at the shoreline between Cadiz and Lisbon	1616
Capture of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean	1617
Landings at Sussex, Plymouth 27 ships were taken away from its port), Devon, Hartland Point, Cornwall and the other counties of western England in August	1625
Capture of the Isle of Lundy in the Bristol Channel. Lundy becomes the main base of the Ottoman marine operations in the Atlantic Ocean for the next 5 years	1627
Capture of Vestmannaeyjar near Iceland	1627
Landings in the Northern Atlantic including the British Isles, Shetland Islands, Faroe Islands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Labrador, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Newfoundland and Virginia	1627 1660
Landings at Denmark, Norway and Iceland	1627
Landings at England, Ireland, Denmark and Iceland	1631
Capture of Baltimore, County Cork, in Ireland	1631
Reconquest of Azov from the Russians	1642
Start of the Cretan War: Conquest of Chania in Crete	1645
Conquest of Chisamo and Souda in Crete	1646
Siege of Candia (Heraklion) in Crete begins	1648
Landings at England, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark	1655 1660
Final stage of the Siege of Candia, ends with capture of city. End of the Cretan war.	1666–1669
Sieges of Chyhyryn in Ukraine	1677-1678
Conquest of the castles controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Dnieper River	1679
Reconquest of Chios during the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War (1684–1699)	1695

Stagnation (1700–1827)

Main article: Stagnation of the Ottoman Empire

Event	Date	Result
Recapture of Preveza	1701
Ottoman invasion of western Georgia	1703	Conquest of Batumi, Poti, and Anaklia
Conquest of Oran, the final Spanish stronghold in Algeria	1708
Reconquest of Moldavia and Azov from the Russians	1711
Start of the Eighth Ottoman-Venetian War with the reconquest of Morea	1715
Conquest of Souda in Crete and the island of Tinos in the Cyclades	1715
Unsuccessful siege of Corfu	1716
Turkish-Russian War	1738
Landings at the entrance of the Dniester River and northern Crimea	1769
Reconquest of Morea and Lemnos after the Orlov Revolt	1770
Battle of Chios followed by Battle of Chesme	1770
Failed landing at Kerch against Russian navy	1774
Failed landing at Kinburn against Russian army	1787
Defeat by Russian fleet near Yılan Island and naval skirmishes around Ochakov	1788
Battles with Russian fleet at Tendra and Kerch	1791
Battle with Russian fleet off Cape Kaliakra	1791
Capture of Corfu from the French by joint Russian-Ottoman fleet	1799	Creation of Septinsular Republic
Reconquest of Egypt	1801
Defense of Dardanelles against British and Russians	1807
Battle of Athos	1807
Reconquest of Medina, Mecca and Hijaz in Arabia	1812 1813
Greek Revolution begins	1821
Recapture of Chios from the Greek rebels and massacre of the population	1822
First Siege of Missolonghi	1822
Recapture of the island of Psara from the Greek rebels and massacre of its population	1824
Third Siege of Missolonghi	1825–1826
Battle of Navarino	1827
Battle of Sinope	1854
Defeat of the Russian forces in the Crimean War, led by France, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Sardinia	1854 1856
Reconquest of the islands controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Danube River	1857
Reconquest of Montenegro and Shkodër	1862

Decline (1828–1908)

Main article: Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Dissolution (1908–1922)

Main articles: Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Socioeconomics of Reformation Era (Ottoman Empire)

Event	Date	Result
Battle of Gallipoli	1915–1916	Ottoman victory and saving of the capital Constantinople from invasion
Turkish War of Independence	1919–1923	Turkish Nationalist victory; the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate (1922) and the formation of the Republic of Turkey (1923)

References and sources

Nikos D. Karabelas, 2015, The Ottoman conquest of Preveza and its first castle, p. 974.
Nikos D. Karabelas, 2015, The Ottoman conquest of Preveza and its first castle, p. 974.
Nikos D. Karabelas, 2015, The Ottoman conquest of Preveza and its first castle, pp. 972-975.
Nikos D. Karabelas, 2015, The Ottoman conquest of Preveza and its first castle, p. 975.
Nikos D. Karabelas, 2012, Ottoman fortifications in Preveza in 1702, pp. 48-49.

The Ottomans: Comprehensive and detailed online chronology of Ottoman history in English.
Tarih Bilgi Bankası: Online history database in Turkish.
Tarihte Bugün: Online history database in Turkish.
E. Hamilton Currey, Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean, London, 1910
Bono, Salvatore: Corsari nel Mediterraneo (Corsairs in the Mediterranean), Oscar Storia Mondadori. Perugia, 1993.
Melis, Nicola, "The importance of Hormuz for Luso-Ottoman Gulf-centred policies in the 16th century: Some observations based on contemporary sources", in R. Loureiro-D. Couto (eds.), Revisiting Hormuz – Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period, "Maritime Asia" 19, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian/Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2008, pp. 107–120.
Corsari nel Mediterraneo: Condottieri di ventura. Online database in Italian, based on Salvatore Bono's book.
Turkish Navy official website: Historic heritage of the Turkish Navy (in Turkish)
Turkish Navy official website: Turkish seamen in the Atlantic Ocean (in Turkish)
Bradford, Ernle, The Sultan's Admiral: The life of Barbarossa, London, 1968.
Wolf, John B., The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks, New York, 1979; ISBN 0-393-01205-0

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