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List of Y-dwarfs

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This is a list of astronomical objects with the spectral type Y. They are a mix of brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects. They are the coldest such objects in interstellar space and have a temperature around below 500 Kelvin (227°C; 440°F). Only a few are known due to their faint nature. The list is sorted after distance.

List of Y-dwarfs
Name spectral type Teff

(Kelvin)

Mass estimate

(MJ)

distance

(light years)

Year of discovery
Jupiter Y-class analog 125 1 solar system known since ancient times
WISE J0855−0714 Y4 (extrapolated) 250 ± 50 3−10 7.43 ± 0.04 2014
Epsilon Indi Ab Y3 (estimated) 275 6.31+0.60
−0.56 		11.867±0.004 2018 (discovered) 2024 (imaging)
WISE J1639−6847 Y0pec 412 ± 88 5−14 or 9−17 15.45 ± 0.04 2012
WISE J0350−5658 Y1 388 ± 88 3−8 or 7−13 18.49 ± 0.24 2012
WISEPA J1541−2250 Y1 432+11
−18 		8−20 19.54 ± 0.23 2011
WISE J2209+2711 Y0 371+9
−13 		8−19 or 5 20.17 ± 0.25 2014
WISEPC J1405+5534 Y0.5 (pec?) 412+10
−17 		9−21 20.6 ± 0.3 2011
WISE J0825+2805 Y0.5 406+10
−16 		3−8 or 5 21.4 ± 0.4 2015
WISEPA J0410+1502 Y0 451 ±88 8−20 21.6 ± 0.3 2011
CWISE J1055+5443 Y0 (pec) 500 ± 150 4−6 22+3
−2 		2023
WISEPC J2056+1459 Y0 510+14
−25 		13−23 or 5 23.2 ± 0.3 2011
WISEPA J1738+2732 Y0 450 ± 88 5−14, 3−9 or 11−21 24.9 ± 0.4 2011
WISEA J2354+0240 Y1 362+10
−12 		8−14 25.0 ± 0.6 2015
CWISEP J0402−2651 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 28.0+6.0
−4.2 		2020
WISENF J1936+0408 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 28.6+1.0
−0.9 		2020
WISE J0713−2917 Y0 464 ± 88 13−29 29.8 ± 0.6 2012
WISEPC J1217+1626 B Y0 460 ± 79 8−20 30.4 ± 1.0 2012
WISEA J1930−2059 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 30.7+1.5
−1.4 		2020
WISEA J1141−3326 Y0 460 ± 79 3–8 31.4 ± 0.9 2014
CWISEP J1446−2317 Y1 366 ± 14 8.0 or 14.6 31.4+1.6
−1.4 		2020
CWISEP J2256+4002 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 32.0+4.0
−3.2 		2020
WISEPA J1828+2650 ≥Y2 406 ± 88 3–8 32.5+0.7
−0.6 		2011
WISE J0336−0143 A Y0: 460 ± 79 8.5–18 32.7 ± 0.7 2012
WISE J0336−0143 B Y2.5 (estimated) 285–305 5–11.5 32.7 ± 0.7 2023
WISE J0647−6232 Y1 393 ± 88 5–13 32.8 ± 0.6 2013
WISEU J0503−5648 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 33.2+1.4
−1.3 		2020
WISE J2220−3628 Y0 452 ± 88 8–20 34.2+0.8
−0.7 		2012
CWISE J0925−4720 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~35.0 2021
CWISER J0216+4230 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~35.2 2023
WISEA J0830+2837 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 4−13 36+6
−5 		2020
CWISEP J0238−1332 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 38+13
−8 		2020
WISE J1206+8401 Y0 499+14
−24 		6−14 or 12−22 38.5+1.0
−0.9 		2015
CWISE J2351−7000 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~42.7 2020
WISE J0734−7157 Y0 493+14
−24 		9−20 43.8 ± 1.0 2012
WISE J0359−5401 Y0 468+13
−23 		12−22 or 13 44.3 ± 1.2 2012
WISE J0304−2705 Y0 pec 465 ± 88 44.6+1.6
−1.5 		2014
CWISEP J2230+2549 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 46+13
−8 		2020
CWISEP J2011−4812 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 46 ± 2 2020
CWISE J1811+6658 early-Y (estimated) 412 ± 79 47+5
−4 		2023
CWISEP J1935−1546 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 47+3
−2 		2019
WISE J0535−7500 Y1 526+16
−26 		8−20 or 12+18 47.5+1.4
−1.3 		2012
CWISEP J1047+5457 Y1 415+20
−22 		20.6 or 15.9 47.9+3.7
−3.2 		2020
CWISEP J0321+6932 Y0.5 (estimated) 412 ± 79 48 ± 3 2020
WISEA J2243−1458 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~47.8 2020
CWISEP J0938+0634 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 48+12
−8 		2020
CWISEP J0940+5233 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 49+11
−8 		2020
CWISEP J0634+5049 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 53+4
−3 		2020
WISEA J1534−1043 esdY0–esdY2 (estimated) 447 ± 45 53 ±4 2020
WISEA J1257+7153 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 ~54.2 2020
WISEA J0302−5817 Y0: 460 ± 79 55 ± 3 2018
CWISE J1531−3306 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~55.4 2021
CWISEP J2356−4814 Y0.5 (estimated) 412 ± 79 ~56.6 2020
Ross 19 B sdY (estimated) 460 ±79 15−40 56.89 ± 0.04 2021
WISE 0226-0211 B T9.5 to Y0 (estimated) 511 ±79 57.9+2.7
−2.4 		2019
L 97-3 B Y1 (estimated) 377 ± 88 7−9 62.73 ± 0.02 2011
WISE J0146+4234 B Y0 460 ± 79 8−20 63 ± 2 2015
CWISE J2227+2604 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~65.2 2023
CWISEP J0859+5349 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 70+13
−14 		2020
CFBDSIR 1458+10 B Y0 (estimated) 370 ± 40 6–15 75.34 ± 7.83 2011
CWISEP J0156+3255 sdY (estimated) 125+19
−17 		2020/2024

Notes

  1. ^ Estimated using the effective temperature. By using Eric Mamajek's table one can compare Teff with the spectral type. Alternatively one can fit a curve to T5-Y4 dwarfs, which gives the formula T e f f = 1.35 × 10 7 × S p T y p e − 3.441 {\displaystyle T_{eff}=1.35\times 10^{7}\times SpType^{-3.441}} , with SpType 19 is T9, 20 is Y0, 21 is Y1, etc. Might be inaccurate for objects with non-solar metallicity.

References

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