The under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is the number of deaths of infants and children under five years old per 1000 live births. The under-five mortality rate for the world is 39 deaths according to the World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO). 5.3 million children under age five died in 2018, 14,722 every day.
The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. The infant mortality rate of the world in 2019 was 28 according to the United Nations and the projected estimate for 2020 was 30.8 according to the CIA World Factbook.
Note that due to differences in reporting, these numbers may not be comparable across countries. The WHO recommendation is that all children who show signs of life should be recorded as live births. In many countries this standard is not followed, artificially lowering their infant mortality rates relative to countries which follow those standards.
Under-five mortality from the World Bank
World average of Under-five mortality rate is 36.6 per 1,000 live births, according to 2020 estimates.
Asterisk (*) indicates "Health in LOCATION" links.
OECD. Under-five mortality from the World Bank
The following is a list of OECD countries and their under-five mortality rate per 1,000 live births as published by the World Bank.
Location links below are all "Health in LOCATION" links.
LOCATION | 2020 rate |
---|---|
Australia | 3.7 |
Austria | 3.6 |
Belgium | 4.2 |
Canada | 5.0 |
Chile | 6.8 |
Colombia | 13.2 |
Czech Republic | 2.9 |
Denmark | 3.6 |
Estonia | 2.1 |
Finland | 2.2 |
France | 4.4 |
Germany | 3.7 |
Greece | 4.1 |
Hungary | 4.0 |
Iceland | 1.9 |
Ireland | 3.0 |
Israel | 3.6 |
Italy | 2.9 |
Japan | 2.5 |
Latvia | 4.0 |
Lithuania | 3.3 |
Luxembourg | 2.8 |
Mexico | 13.7 |
Netherlands | 4.0 |
New Zealand | 4.2 |
Norway | 2.2 |
Poland | 4.4 |
Portugal | 3.3 |
Slovakia | 5.8 |
Slovenia | 2.2 |
South Korea | 3.0 |
Spain | 3.2 |
Sweden | 2.6 |
Switzerland | 4.0 |
Turkey | 9.5 |
United Kingdom | 4.2 |
United States | 6.3 |
Average | 6.8 |
Infant mortality from the CIA World Factbook
Note: The link in the last column takes you to the same country in the UN table in the next section.
Asterisk (*) indicates "Health in LOCATION" links.
Infant mortality from the United Nations population division (from birth to 1 year-olds only)
Note: The link in the last column takes you to the same country in the CIA table in the previous section.
Asterisk (*) indicates "Health in LOCATION" links.
Location |
1950- |
1955- |
1960- |
1965- |
1970- |
1975- |
1980- |
1985- |
1990- |
1995- |
2000- |
2005- |
2010- |
2015- |
To CIA estimates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iceland * | 21.57 | 17.54 | 16.96 | 13.11 | 11.90 | 8.94 | 6.15 | 5.64 | 4.77 | 3.71 | 2.54 | 1.99 | 1.57 | 1.25 | <- |
Hong Kong * (China) | 61.89 | 46.26 | 33.58 | 24.66 | 16.68 | 12.91 | 9.50 | 7.26 | 5.20 | 3.60 | 2.52 | 1.86 | 1.59 | 1.32 | <- |
Singapore * | 60.96 | 43.15 | 28.59 | 23.75 | 19.33 | 12.85 | 8.77 | 5.47 | 4.81 | 3.73 | 2.50 | 2.15 | 2.07 | 1.63 | <- |
Finland * | 33.08 | 25.13 | 19.16 | 14.62 | 11.54 | 8.54 | 6.37 | 5.97 | 4.93 | 3.84 | 3.21 | 2.72 | 2.10 | 1.71 | <- |
Japan * | 47.67 | 36.12 | 24.70 | 15.93 | 11.59 | 8.48 | 6.42 | 4.85 | 4.40 | 3.66 | 2.98 | 2.55 | 2.18 | 1.76 | <- |
Slovenia * | 22.78 | 18.69 | 16.59 | 16.58 | 15.53 | 13.75 | 13.37 | 10.23 | 7.35 | 4.91 | 4.03 | 3.20 | 2.23 | 1.87 | <- |
Sweden * | 19.37 | 16.84 | 15.36 | 12.33 | 10.22 | 7.75 | 6.77 | 6.11 | 5.11 | 3.57 | 3.23 | 2.57 | 2.4 | 2.04 | <- |
Norway * | 21.69 | 18.73 | 16.65 | 13.53 | 11.10 | 8.77 | 7.99 | 8.04 | 5.51 | 3.98 | 3.46 | 3.00 | 2.45 | 2.07 | <- |
Czech Republic * | 42.18 | 23.35 | 20.40 | 21.63 | 20.13 | 17.45 | 14.45 | 11.35 | 8.99 | 5.47 | 3.96 | 3.08 | 2.53 | 2.27 | <- |
South Korea * | 159.09 | 95.74 | 73.36 | 56.51 | 38.74 | 33.60 | 25.17 | 15.65 | 10.30 | 6.90 | 5.01 | 3.51 | 2.97 | 2.11 | <- |
Estonia * | 85.29 | 49.64 | 33.41 | 23.52 | 21.09 | 21.85 | 20.27 | 18.24 | 16.34 | 11.97 | 7.27 | 4.75 | 3.20 | 1.99 | <- |
Spain * | 62.73 | 50.97 | 41.17 | 32.97 | 22.72 | 15.38 | 10.65 | 8.32 | 6.63 | 4.94 | 4.03 | 3.37 | 2.88 | 2.35 | <- |
Italy * | 59.07 | 47.97 | 40.16 | 32.49 | 25.83 | 17.16 | 12.42 | 9.29 | 7.43 | 5.48 | 4.14 | 3.43 | 3.04 | 2.60 | <- |
Macau * (China) | 65.86 | 56.33 | 44.32 | 34.82 | 26.48 | 19.52 | 15.00 | 11.41 | 8.76 | 6.40 | 4.92 | 3.80 | 3.06 | 2.62 | <- |
Portugal * | 91.99 | 87.60 | 77.37 | 60.79 | 45.35 | 29.82 | 19.55 | 13.80 | 9.13 | 6.37 | 4.50 | 3.32 | 2.95 | 2.96 | <- |
Netherlands * | 23.00 | 18.24 | 15.65 | 13.26 | 10.97 | 9.25 | 8.29 | 7.34 | 6.17 | 5.28 | 4.86 | 4.11 | 3.46 | 2.51 | <- |
Ireland * | 40.56 | 33.47 | 27.70 | 22.35 | 18.07 | 14.61 | 9.97 | 8.32 | 6.58 | 6.09 | 5.25 | 3.71 | 3.39 | 2.70 | <- |
Greece * | 45.80 | 41.19 | 38.03 | 33.61 | 24.98 | 20.82 | 14.71 | 11.52 | 8.45 | 6.61 | 4.55 | 3.48 | 3.28 | 2.82 | <- |
Israel * | 38.92 | 33.05 | 28.33 | 24.33 | 20.66 | 17.09 | 13.72 | 10.73 | 8.49 | 6.18 | 5.03 | 3.97 | 3.43 | 2.73 | <- |
Belgium * | 44.74 | 35.42 | 26.96 | 22.26 | 18.24 | 13.68 | 10.73 | 9.14 | 7.76 | 5.26 | 4.22 | 3.83 | 3.46 | 2.83 | <- |
Luxembourg * | 43.93 | 36.92 | 29.23 | 20.88 | 17.86 | 13.17 | 11.98 | 9.00 | 7.25 | 4.86 | 4.96 | 2.33 | 3.41 | 2.87 | <- |
Belarus * | 95.38 | 56.61 | 37.67 | 25.80 | 21.17 | 21.89 | 19.52 | 16.38 | 15.10 | 14.89 | 9.59 | 6.27 | 3.43 | 2.97 | <- |
Austria * | 53.14 | 42.35 | 31.85 | 26.10 | 23.78 | 16.24 | 12.20 | 9.15 | 6.88 | 4.74 | 4.47 | 3.76 | 3.33 | 3.15 | <- |
France * | 44.22 | 32.51 | 24.88 | 20.36 | 15.76 | 11.54 | 9.28 | 7.91 | 6.55 | 4.71 | 4.19 | 3.72 | 3.49 | 3.03 | <- |
Germany * | 46.36 | 38.54 | 30.23 | 22.61 | 20.80 | 15.52 | 11.07 | 8.28 | 5.99 | 4.76 | 4.15 | 3.66 | 3.36 | 3.19 | <- |
Denmark * | 27.71 | 23.25 | 20.17 | 15.77 | 12.09 | 8.91 | 7.83 | 8.01 | 6.25 | 4.92 | 4.55 | 3.73 | 3.51 | 3.13 | <- |
Australia * | 23.68 | 21.35 | 19.52 | 18.23 | 16.42 | 12.27 | 9.96 | 8.66 | 6.51 | 5.46 | 4.94 | 4.41 | 3.63 | 3.11 | <- |
Réunion * (France) | 141.65 | 109.35 | 82.00 | 61.26 | 45.68 | 34.02 | 25.28 | 18.77 | 13.91 | 10.30 | 7.62 | 5.63 | 4.20 | 2.67 | <- |
Montenegro * | 120.01 | 104.22 | 71.88 | 49.57 | 33.05 | 28.50 | 25.80 | 21.50 | 17.92 | 11.58 | 11.57 | 10.90 | 4.27 | 2.76 | <- |
Switzerland * | 29.04 | 23.53 | 20.92 | 16.81 | 13.68 | 9.70 | 7.79 | 7.03 | 6.06 | 4.78 | 4.55 | 4.21 | 3.89 | 3.37 | <- |
Poland * | 78.85 | 59.16 | 49.67 | 36.37 | 31.67 | 27.31 | 23.74 | 20.31 | 16.35 | 10.11 | 7.11 | 5.66 | 4.40 | 3.28 | <- |
Cyprus * | 64.95 | 51.10 | 40.15 | 31.47 | 24.69 | 19.30 | 15.09 | 11.79 | 9.18 | 7.15 | 5.59 | 4.35 | 4.19 | 3.54 | <- |
United Kingdom * | 28.24 | 24.01 | 22.88 | 18.83 | 16.99 | 13.83 | 10.55 | 8.98 | 6.68 | 5.84 | 5.30 | 4.83 | 4.06 | 3.76 | <- |
Taiwan * | 78.79 | 57.25 | 48.00 | 40.35 | 14.54 | 11.15 | 8.46 | 5.93 | 5.39 | 6.80 | 6.05 | 5.16 | 4.23 | 3.71 | <- |
New Zealand * | 26.56 | 23.95 | 20.64 | 17.90 | 15.96 | 13.60 | 11.82 | 10.49 | 7.36 | 6.20 | 5.40 | 4.95 | 4.37 | 3.80 | <- |
Croatia * | 95.51 | 70.78 | 49.70 | 34.94 | 25.38 | 21.89 | 18.24 | 13.52 | 10.21 | 7.11 | 6.52 | 5.75 | 4.26 | 4.00 | <- |
Mayotte (France) | 142.60 | 109.06 | 82.07 | 61.24 | 45.68 | 34.01 | 25.28 | 18.76 | 13.91 | 10.30 | 7.62 | 5.63 | 4.20 | 4.20 | <- |
Lithuania * | 107.49 | 63.82 | 42.61 | 27.04 | 22.05 | 22.44 | 18.33 | 14.91 | 16.47 | 11.01 | 7.66 | 5.97 | 4.36 | 4.04 | <- |
Latvia * | 76.66 | 45.32 | 30.20 | 22.30 | 20.00 | 22.83 | 18.48 | 14.56 | 17.55 | 15.72 | 9.94 | 7.80 | 5.15 | 3.34 | <- |
Hungary * | 71.87 | 54.73 | 42.98 | 37.23 | 34.92 | 25.80 | 20.01 | 17.03 | 13.18 | 9.59 | 7.44 | 5.65 | 4.96 | 4.05 | <- |
Canada * | 37.82 | 32.00 | 25.97 | 20.88 | 16.27 | 12.23 | 8.99 | 7.40 | 6.24 | 5.36 | 5.27 | 5.11 | 4.65 | 4.51 | <- |
Cuba * | 80.59 | 69.72 | 59.37 | 49.61 | 38.38 | 22.35 | 17.62 | 13.00 | 9.94 | 7.98 | 6.13 | 5.34 | 4.80 | 4.49 | <- |
Slovakia * | 74.09 | 38.09 | 26.54 | 25.30 | 24.59 | 22.17 | 17.93 | 13.87 | 11.58 | 9.03 | 7.27 | 6.20 | 5.42 | 4.76 | <- |
Guadeloupe (France) | 80.24 | 64.86 | 51.98 | 41.67 | 33.45 | 26.82 | 21.40 | 17.16 | 13.72 | 10.98 | 8.77 | 7.00 | 5.81 | 4.64 | <- |
Malta * | 68.24 | 40.20 | 32.24 | 27.19 | 20.57 | 15.17 | 12.40 | 9.92 | 8.51 | 6.91 | 5.71 | 5.59 | 5.49 | 4.97 | <- |
Serbia * | 117.49 | 103.12 | 87.94 | 68.59 | 50.82 | 40.15 | 34.76 | 22.37 | 17.17 | 16.09 | 9.52 | 7.07 | 6.07 | 4.90 | <- |
United States * | 30.16 | 27.18 | 25.14 | 22.33 | 17.81 | 14.07 | 11.43 | 10.27 | 8.67 | 7.44 | 6.99 | 6.78 | 5.96 | 5.82 | <- |
Puerto Rico (US) | 63.35 | 51.38 | 44.76 | 33.27 | 25.29 | 19.66 | 17.19 | 13.79 | 11.59 | 10.95 | 8.01 | 7.19 | 6.37 | 5.45 | <- |
Antigua and Barbuda * | 77.56 | 63.94 | 49.78 | 41.66 | 39.23 | 36.78 | 34.33 | 28.40 | 20.62 | 15.13 | 11.48 | 8.95 | 6.79 | 5.20 | <- |
Martinique (France) | 80.83 | 66.37 | 54.53 | 44.59 | 35.42 | 27.87 | 22.05 | 17.37 | 13.67 | 10.78 | 8.50 | 7.57 | 6.43 | 5.57 | <- |
United Arab Emirates * | 180.61 | 149.39 | 117.37 | 86.60 | 57.82 | 37.01 | 23.72 | 16.63 | 12.66 | 10.45 | 9.00 | 7.71 | 6.50 | 5.52 | <- |
Malaysia * | 101.52 | 79.99 | 59.70 | 46.31 | 38.38 | 29.45 | 21.13 | 15.67 | 12.34 | 9.91 | 7.62 | 6.99 | 6.42 | 5.90 | <- |
Jersey * Channel Islands (UK) * | 32.49 | 28.30 | 26.97 | 24.88 | 23.39 | 21.31 | 17.96 | 16.03 | 13.65 | 10.33 | 8.78 | 7.58 | 6.75 | 6.12 | <- |
Bahrain * | 172.00 | 145.91 | 105.23 | 70.82 | 47.37 | 31.94 | 23.14 | 18.38 | 14.86 | 12.25 | 9.76 | 7.95 | 6.91 | 5.97 | <- |
Bosnia and Herzegovina * | 188.58 | 135.72 | 98.03 | 72.63 | 49.21 | 34.03 | 25.58 | 17.55 | 18.42 | 11.14 | 9.83 | 9.03 | 6.91 | 6.00 | <- |
French Polynesia (France) | 129.51 | 99.83 | 89.02 | 79.60 | 71.50 | 58.64 | 34.73 | 19.66 | 18.05 | 10.17 | 9.40 | 8.78 | 6.91 | 6.66 | <- |
Qatar * | 105.82 | 87.04 | 68.72 | 50.76 | 43.71 | 33.46 | 26.63 | 20.75 | 15.24 | 11.87 | 9.80 | 8.30 | 7.32 | 6.29 | <- |
Bahamas | 36.77 | 32.22 | 28.01 | 24.84 | 25.92 | 25.52 | 23.62 | 21.36 | 17.48 | 14.15 | 13.05 | 11.28 | 8.02 | 5.88 | <- |
Chile * | 122.54 | 117.98 | 107.44 | 88.10 | 66.63 | 44.06 | 24.59 | 17.97 | 14.00 | 11.08 | 8.33 | 7.74 | 7.20 | 6.72 | <- |
Russia * | 100.45 | 59.38 | 39.65 | 31.25 | 26.37 | 28.77 | 25.89 | 23.62 | 21.93 | 20.96 | 16.16 | 10.68 | 8.34 | 5.76 | <- |
Bulgaria * | 90.16 | 61.51 | 35.83 | 30.50 | 25.46 | 21.83 | 17.30 | 14.23 | 15.40 | 15.24 | 12.75 | 9.55 | 8.32 | 6.29 | <- |
Saudi Arabia * | 201.63 | 180.26 | 160.35 | 137.21 | 105.14 | 79.57 | 59.05 | 42.77 | 30.04 | 21.75 | 16.32 | 12.20 | 8.69 | 6.31 | <- |
Romania * | 90.75 | 80.41 | 53.93 | 51.01 | 39.25 | 30.85 | 25.67 | 25.54 | 22.98 | 20.28 | 16.94 | 11.96 | 8.35 | 6.68 | <- |
Kuwait * | 123.97 | 102.43 | 80.54 | 59.20 | 45.02 | 33.93 | 22.91 | 16.87 | 13.27 | 11.65 | 10.41 | 9.74 | 8.16 | 7.12 | <- |
Maldives * | 268.25 | 246.77 | 222.03 | 191.06 | 156.68 | 121.31 | 95.23 | 75.89 | 60.40 | 44.36 | 26.62 | 14.76 | 8.95 | 6.77 | <- |
Ukraine * | 78.52 | 46.49 | 30.96 | 23.49 | 20.97 | 22.91 | 19.91 | 17.76 | 17.05 | 16.62 | 14.80 | 12.64 | 8.75 | 7.20 | <- |
Sri Lanka * | 89.03 | 73.52 | 61.44 | 52.94 | 44.40 | 35.78 | 29.20 | 24.24 | 19.99 | 16.20 | 11.79 | 10.17 | 8.78 | 7.57 | <- |
Costa Rica * | 103.26 | 92.57 | 82.05 | 69.65 | 56.18 | 35.10 | 22.64 | 17.36 | 14.56 | 12.37 | 10.89 | 10.02 | 9.33 | 7.32 | <- |
Brunei * | 108.44 | 101.34 | 64.41 | 43.90 | 33.31 | 22.50 | 13.09 | 10.94 | 10.54 | 9.88 | 9.71 | 9.26 | 8.78 | 7.92 | <- |
Oman * | 210.94 | 180.37 | 153.75 | 130.66 | 108.93 | 82.62 | 59.43 | 42.11 | 30.87 | 21.70 | 14.64 | 9.77 | 9.60 | 7.27 | <- |
U.S. Virgin Islands (US) | 58.20 | 46.87 | 41.15 | 35.18 | 29.52 | 24.92 | 21.54 | 18.04 | 15.33 | 13.15 | 11.63 | 10.66 | 8.96 | 8.16 | <- |
Albania * | 144.77 | 124.70 | 98.87 | 76.89 | 57.95 | 46.84 | 43.20 | 37.85 | 30.74 | 26.33 | 21.15 | 16.78 | 9.21 | 8.03 | <- |
French Guiana (France) | 102.69 | 88.65 | 72.81 | 50.77 | 45.24 | 42.28 | 31.79 | 25.18 | 20.71 | 16.89 | 13.19 | 10.55 | 9.12 | 8.70 | <- |
Thailand * | 127.16 | 108.70 | 92.47 | 77.54 | 62.73 | 50.85 | 41.55 | 33.40 | 26.07 | 20.89 | 16.70 | 13.40 | 10.08 | 7.75 | <- |
Uruguay * | 57.31 | 53.05 | 47.85 | 47.10 | 46.29 | 42.42 | 33.47 | 22.57 | 20.05 | 15.58 | 14.53 | 11.28 | 10.05 | 8.70 | <- |
Guam * (US) | 82.20 | 70.85 | 60.00 | 49.95 | 41.29 | 34.23 | 28.60 | 24.30 | 20.76 | 17.03 | 13.58 | 11.37 | 10.07 | 8.69 | <- |
Lebanon * | 68.53 | 59.60 | 52.93 | 47.21 | 41.70 | 38.02 | 34.94 | 30.41 | 25.12 | 18.84 | 13.81 | 10.59 | 9.60 | 9.42 | <- |
Curaçao * (Netherlands) | 66.27 | 49.57 | 40.95 | 34.10 | 27.21 | 21.55 | 17.75 | 16.84 | 14.78 | 15.21 | 14.67 | 12.98 | 10.27 | 9.05 | <- |
North Macedonia * | 136.29 | 112.57 | 94.81 | 82.04 | 68.72 | 62.23 | 51.52 | 40.04 | 26.54 | 18.43 | 12.94 | 10.75 | 8.93 | 10.69 | <- |
Turkey * | 217.18 | 199.45 | 178.24 | 159.42 | 144.95 | 120.07 | 94.93 | 73.05 | 56.19 | 36.99 | 24.70 | 16.37 | 11.84 | 8.90 | <- |
Barbados * | 121.51 | 79.26 | 54.79 | 42.86 | 33.96 | 26.18 | 20.11 | 16.56 | 13.44 | 12.32 | 12.96 | 12.58 | 11.46 | 10.04 | <- |
Kazakhstan * | 110.24 | 101.67 | 93.25 | 85.05 | 76.71 | 68.59 | 60.21 | 51.98 | 50.90 | 43.51 | 32.01 | 23.86 | 14.12 | 7.67 | <- |
China * | 128.88 | 131.05 | 135.04 | 93.82 | 71.95 | 55.00 | 44.64 | 42.27 | 41.27 | 35.06 | 27.08 | 18.11 | 12.28 | 9.89 | <- |
Argentina * | 63.89 | 58.78 | 59.72 | 57.36 | 48.09 | 39.04 | 32.19 | 27.11 | 23.23 | 19.73 | 16.75 | 14.21 | 12.06 | 10.23 | <- |
Georgia * | 79.86 | 72.89 | 65.84 | 58.93 | 51.93 | 49.29 | 46.60 | 43.97 | 45.00 | 34.91 | 26.52 | 18.19 | 12.92 | 9.37 | <- |
Mauritius * | 102.97 | 73.89 | 60.57 | 67.27 | 60.77 | 37.69 | 25.98 | 23.12 | 18.42 | 19.70 | 13.35 | 13.21 | 11.96 | 11.22 | <- |
Seychelles * | 80.91 | 76.09 | 69.77 | 60.36 | 47.07 | 32.16 | 20.95 | 15.84 | 13.26 | 11.90 | 11.86 | 12.15 | 12.37 | 10.87 | <- |
Libya * | 253.75 | 228.98 | 165.97 | 121.28 | 89.90 | 67.09 | 50.99 | 41.18 | 32.91 | 26.47 | 21.46 | 17.58 | 12.96 | 10.53 | <- |
Armenia * | 82.72 | 78.12 | 72.85 | 68.04 | 62.94 | 57.97 | 52.96 | 47.94 | 44.10 | 34.87 | 27.05 | 20.99 | 13.23 | 10.78 | <- |
New Caledonia (France) | 116.57 | 96.29 | 79.45 | 65.46 | 53.74 | 44.14 | 35.85 | 29.27 | 24.28 | 20.54 | 17.29 | 15.10 | 13.01 | 11.51 | <- |
Moldova * | 81.14 | 68.94 | 58.96 | 49.00 | 45.96 | 45.91 | 35.50 | 31.23 | 28.99 | 24.46 | 18.82 | 15.59 | 14.17 | 12.37 | <- |
Jamaica * | 82.66 | 67.29 | 55.66 | 47.48 | 40.79 | 35.28 | 31.03 | 27.29 | 23.72 | 20.46 | 18.03 | 16.70 | 14.94 | 11.78 | <- |
Peru * | 158.53 | 148.15 | 132.95 | 120.94 | 103.76 | 94.94 | 80.23 | 66.57 | 50.13 | 36.18 | 24.92 | 18.13 | 14.09 | 12.79 | <- |
Colombia * | 116.60 | 99.97 | 85.75 | 74.67 | 63.20 | 49.81 | 37.87 | 30.66 | 26.42 | 22.46 | 19.51 | 16.95 | 14.44 | 12.64 | <- |
Tunisia * | 232.24 | 217.90 | 195.45 | 173.27 | 139.82 | 97.26 | 65.84 | 48.76 | 35.21 | 28.67 | 22.99 | 18.01 | 14.56 | 12.68 | <- |
Tonga * | 80.03 | 68.96 | 58.69 | 45.53 | 34.09 | 27.06 | 22.89 | 20.29 | 17.28 | 15.56 | 14.38 | 14.38 | 14.74 | 12.54 | <- |
Belize * | 100.17 | 88.48 | 78.18 | 68.52 | 59.54 | 50.49 | 39.88 | 35.18 | 29.71 | 23.01 | 20.15 | 17.30 | 14.98 | 12.81 | <- |
Iran * | 220.32 | 197.56 | 174.83 | 153.62 | 123.75 | 95.47 | 71.28 | 49.80 | 39.35 | 31.87 | 24.82 | 19.13 | 15.16 | 12.82 | <- |
Aruba (Netherlands) | 68.97 | 51.78 | 42.50 | 35.73 | 29.23 | 24.51 | 20.49 | 19.43 | 19.02 | 18.29 | 17.77 | 16.18 | 14.78 | 13.61 | <- |
Saint Lucia * | 118.00 | 101.67 | 80.81 | 61.90 | 46.63 | 29.67 | 22.80 | 19.69 | 17.75 | 16.17 | 15.69 | 16.26 | 16.00 | 12.49 | <- |
Samoa * | 93.75 | 85.44 | 77.53 | 69.06 | 59.49 | 47.08 | 35.04 | 27.22 | 23.17 | 19.58 | 17.00 | 16.64 | 15.09 | 13.45 | <- |
Grenada * | 76.72 | 67.40 | 56.85 | 46.54 | 37.92 | 29.46 | 21.50 | 19.10 | 16.45 | 14.01 | 12.66 | 12.34 | 13.67 | 14.99 | <- |
Mexico * | 120.97 | 101.32 | 87.91 | 79.33 | 68.88 | 56.77 | 46.99 | 39.45 | 33.08 | 24.98 | 20.12 | 17.14 | 15.16 | 13.51 | <- |
Ecuador * | 138.14 | 128.34 | 115.03 | 102.29 | 89.77 | 77.36 | 62.74 | 50.93 | 40.73 | 31.17 | 23.64 | 19.13 | 15.07 | 13.60 | <- |
Brazil * | 136.25 | 123.71 | 114.69 | 99.22 | 87.68 | 79.46 | 66.60 | 50.48 | 40.75 | 32.34 | 26.16 | 19.34 | 14.79 | 12.52 | <- |
Panama * | 85.64 | 73.66 | 61.85 | 51.79 | 43.05 | 36.08 | 34.13 | 29.81 | 26.25 | 23.28 | 20.62 | 17.78 | 16.00 | 13.73 | <- |
Jordan * | 146.59 | 119.59 | 95.47 | 77.39 | 65.70 | 54.01 | 42.71 | 33.97 | 29.05 | 25.57 | 22.39 | 19.68 | 17.06 | 14.63 | <- |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * | 115.56 | 103.27 | 87.87 | 72.53 | 60.84 | 49.55 | 33.83 | 23.00 | 19.28 | 19.35 | 19.64 | 19.48 | 17.36 | 14.65 | <- |
El Salvador * | 143.05 | 134.78 | 121.54 | 110.45 | 101.49 | 92.65 | 79.82 | 60.51 | 41.10 | 29.10 | 23.59 | 21.55 | 17.71 | 14.57 | <- |
North Korea * | 121.32 | 82.65 | 79.50 | 58.01 | 45.23 | 36.31 | 31.11 | 27.39 | 42.11 | 57.81 | 28.50 | 27.27 | 18.54 | 13.90 | <- |
Syria * | 141.55 | 123.05 | 107.70 | 90.14 | 70.97 | 55.31 | 42.91 | 33.46 | 26.26 | 21.25 | 17.74 | 14.96 | 17.87 | 15.54 | <- |
Honduras * | 169.30 | 153.91 | 135.45 | 118.90 | 103.59 | 80.95 | 64.93 | 52.92 | 43.00 | 35.02 | 28.36 | 23.32 | 18.39 | 15.04 | <- |
Egypt * | 248.64 | 204.61 | 184.06 | 170.17 | 165.43 | 133.16 | 106.86 | 74.29 | 59.55 | 36.68 | 29.35 | 23.47 | 18.92 | 15.61 | <- |
Nicaragua * | 172.41 | 150.54 | 131.30 | 113.68 | 97.80 | 90.08 | 79.73 | 64.94 | 47.95 | 33.55 | 26.43 | 23.08 | 17.83 | 16.78 | <- |
Vietnam * | 103.38 | 81.50 | 66.65 | 56.81 | 54.22 | 45.61 | 41.16 | 37.14 | 33.51 | 27.79 | 23.58 | 18.97 | 17.90 | 16.71 | <- |
Kyrgyzstan * | 138.69 | 130.37 | 119.62 | 109.9 | 99.89 | 89.91 | 79.92 | 69.97 | 59.83 | 48.24 | 37.18 | 30.23 | 19.54 | 15.51 | <- |
Solomon Islands * | 171.30 | 139.91 | 112.45 | 87.51 | 64.08 | 47.52 | 38.08 | 33.06 | 29.39 | 26.35 | 24.58 | 22.97 | 20.16 | 15.46 | <- |
Palestinian Authority | 140.84 | 130.01 | 117.07 | 99.18 | 82.63 | 67.55 | 52.08 | 40.70 | 32.68 | 27.34 | 23.72 | 21.05 | 19.30 | 17.46 | <- |
Cape Verde * | 130.98 | 127.61 | 124.19 | 109.30 | 95.80 | 70.46 | 62.07 | 53.98 | 46.52 | 36.86 | 24.46 | 22.92 | 20.58 | 16.89 | <- |
Suriname * | 77.43 | 67.39 | 56.02 | 54.20 | 52.18 | 50.19 | 48.35 | 43.61 | 38.28 | 32.83 | 27.97 | 23.72 | 20.26 | 17.49 | <- |
Paraguay * | 73.45 | 69.71 | 62.28 | 58.55 | 57.11 | 52.59 | 46.57 | 39.58 | 34.06 | 30.07 | 27.06 | 24.05 | 20.78 | 19.02 | <- |
Fiji * | 86.99 | 65.98 | 53.62 | 46.83 | 43.96 | 39.37 | 31.82 | 26.17 | 22.03 | 19.66 | 18.80 | 19.58 | 19.95 | 20.32 | <- |
Venezuela * | 100.62 | 84.36 | 69.46 | 58.33 | 46.07 | 38.73 | 32.26 | 27.26 | 23.09 | 20.43 | 17.16 | 14.79 | 15.01 | 25.70 | <- |
Mongolia * | 182.70 | 164.50 | 134.32 | 118.52 | 106.38 | 104.40 | 102.22 | 91.65 | 67.51 | 53.98 | 40.77 | 30.51 | 22.79 | 18.09 | <- |
Philippines * | 85.13 | 71.82 | 62.39 | 57.03 | 54.64 | 53.99 | 51.52 | 45.21 | 36.46 | 31.10 | 27.90 | 25.46 | 23.72 | 19.66 | <- |
Indonesia * | 183.96 | 159.28 | 139.24 | 121.48 | 104.62 | 90.76 | 79.10 | 67.63 | 55.94 | 45.48 | 37.25 | 30.39 | 25.03 | 18.91 | <- |
Morocco * | 151.31 | 142.75 | 132.88 | 122.64 | 113.07 | 101.97 | 83.82 | 66.54 | 52.99 | 44.02 | 36.61 | 26.60 | 24.17 | 19.86 | <- |
Algeria * | 163.01 | 153.45 | 142.82 | 132.29 | 122.19 | 105.46 | 75.35 | 55.36 | 43.04 | 37.83 | 33.62 | 29.40 | 24.94 | 21.24 | <- |
Vanuatu * | 121.97 | 110.82 | 99.06 | 84.40 | 70.51 | 58.41 | 44.84 | 33.10 | 27.00 | 24.76 | 23.71 | 24.03 | 24.30 | 22.38 | <- |
Guatemala * | 168.39 | 154.50 | 140.51 | 126.71 | 111.86 | 96.48 | 81.63 | 68.10 | 55.31 | 44.93 | 37.25 | 31.26 | 26.94 | 20.74 | <- |
Trinidad and Tobago * | 69.64 | 60.23 | 51.54 | 45.70 | 41.55 | 37.01 | 32.48 | 29.56 | 28.44 | 28.55 | 28.81 | 28.47 | 26.09 | 21.98 | <- |
Uzbekistan * | 124.37 | 114.78 | 104.56 | 94.32 | 84.25 | 77.78 | 71.41 | 64.94 | 59.36 | 54.78 | 49.40 | 40.73 | 27.68 | 20.83 | <- |
Azerbaijan * | 119.87 | 114.87 | 110.00 | 104.95 | 99.93 | 94.97 | 89.95 | 84.99 | 81.73 | 64.44 | 54.17 | 40.70 | 31.39 | 20.83 | <- |
Iraq * | 225.39 | 169.56 | 128.60 | 91.33 | 72.71 | 56.96 | 50.56 | 44.44 | 38.02 | 37.45 | 34.49 | 31.73 | 28.49 | 24.11 | <- |
Dominican Republic * | 153.07 | 138.60 | 123.83 | 108.87 | 95.84 | 85.91 | 75.13 | 62.84 | 49.51 | 41.27 | 34.91 | 29.54 | 27.49 | 25.85 | <- |
Cambodia * | 142.35 | 135.43 | 134.09 | 131.78 | 138.52 | 319.24 | 152.33 | 86.04 | 85.94 | 86.30 | 65.80 | 44.81 | 29.97 | 23.72 | <- |
Micronesia * | 95.48 | 85.67 | 75.60 | 65.40 | 56.38 | 47.73 | 44.80 | 44.28 | 42.84 | 42.83 | 39.81 | 34.95 | 30.28 | 23.49 | <- |
Bhutan * | 246.27 | 225.40 | 202.04 | 175.88 | 151.06 | 130.91 | 109.81 | 91.96 | 75.59 | 61.71 | 51.91 | 39.49 | 30.47 | 24.06 | <- |
Guyana * | 72.06 | 66.78 | 61.97 | 57.33 | 55.90 | 54.41 | 52.47 | 49.84 | 44.78 | 40.51 | 35.29 | 31.95 | 31.66 | 26.76 | <- |
São Tomé and Príncipe * | 138.17 | 125.97 | 112.00 | 100.38 | 87.02 | 74.40 | 70.78 | 77.21 | 79.37 | 71.35 | 56.13 | 42.05 | 32.08 | 26.42 | <- |
Bangladesh * | 210.90 | 182.07 | 161.01 | 149.68 | 167.84 | 138.48 | 124.31 | 106.97 | 88.26 | 70.30 | 55.48 | 43.32 | 33.15 | 26.85 | <- |
South Africa * | 134.21 | 121.24 | 112.49 | 103.08 | 88.79 | 70.64 | 55.82 | 45.52 | 41.23 | 47.25 | 53.93 | 48.08 | 32.94 | 27.24 | <- |
Nepal * | 224.16 | 220.54 | 208.04 | 186.82 | 167.03 | 148.88 | 129.43 | 108.72 | 87.00 | 68.42 | 53.66 | 42.62 | 33.78 | 27.93 | <- |
Bolivia * | 177.71 | 170.29 | 161.77 | 151.91 | 140.73 | 128.19 | 114.32 | 99.24 | 83.14 | 66.28 | 51.97 | 42.12 | 32.40 | 29.71 | <- |
Western Sahara * (disputed) | 216.58 | 200.92 | 186.87 | 173.17 | 159.66 | 133.75 | 109.86 | 87.87 | 75.86 | 64.39 | 52.92 | 43.04 | 34.13 | 28.78 | <- |
Tajikistan * | 140.82 | 134.46 | 125.25 | 117.22 | 106.21 | 96.63 | 93.28 | 80.17 | 84.22 | 78.59 | 57.25 | 39.00 | 34.05 | 29.26 | <- |
Botswana * | 127.89 | 112.48 | 98.66 | 85.44 | 71.45 | 56.40 | 43.51 | 36.32 | 41.82 | 56.43 | 57.04 | 44.15 | 35.47 | 30.15 | <- |
Madagascar * | 182.66 | 168.56 | 156.41 | 144.63 | 133.81 | 122.39 | 109.05 | 107.81 | 100.05 | 77.73 | 57.97 | 45.49 | 36.77 | 29.04 | <- |
Rwanda * | 150.34 | 145.18 | 140.03 | 136.07 | 134.60 | 130.03 | 113.84 | 119.73 | 196.26 | 122.28 | 94.28 | 62.68 | 39.41 | 29.18 | <- |
Senegal * | 127.55 | 122.88 | 117.43 | 112.79 | 108.01 | 97.32 | 84.93 | 75.25 | 71.58 | 68.24 | 61.13 | 47.48 | 38.27 | 32.75 | <- |
India * | 180.95 | 166.50 | 154.61 | 145.81 | 135.84 | 120.80 | 105.66 | 93.25 | 82.11 | 71.25 | 59.95 | 49.46 | 39.08 | 32.00 | <- |
Namibia * | 143.99 | 130.78 | 115.33 | 100.71 | 87.80 | 75.90 | 68.72 | 55.06 | 49.78 | 50.73 | 51.13 | 43.46 | 38.56 | 33.38 | <- |
Congo * | 134.20 | 121.37 | 108.06 | 96.58 | 85.91 | 76.27 | 67.06 | 60.12 | 63.97 | 74.47 | 72.23 | 52.48 | 41.42 | 35.29 | <- |
Gabon * | 159.91 | 153.51 | 148.70 | 134.24 | 117.90 | 100.50 | 83.08 | 67.19 | 63.53 | 61.59 | 59.72 | 49.93 | 41.91 | 35.28 | <- |
Kenya * | 142.46 | 133.76 | 120.93 | 109.43 | 96.99 | 85.95 | 75.69 | 73.54 | 74.03 | 70.97 | 62.76 | 51.12 | 41.56 | 36.34 | <- |
Eritrea * | 199.33 | 181.27 | 159.98 | 147.87 | 139.99 | 132.04 | 121.15 | 111.58 | 94.43 | 71.12 | 59.38 | 51.65 | 45.01 | 34.72 | <- |
Ghana * | 147.44 | 133.48 | 122.04 | 113.26 | 106.45 | 99.16 | 92.66 | 82.73 | 72.50 | 66.90 | 60.90 | 53.72 | 44.83 | 35.63 | <- |
Myanmar * | 213.03 | 173.98 | 155.72 | 123.43 | 111.35 | 100.30 | 90.32 | 81.15 | 72.68 | 65.13 | 57.82 | 51.98 | 43.66 | 38.40 | <- |
East Timor * | 264.27 | 241.45 | 220.56 | 201.00 | 183.16 | 253.22 | 183.22 | 141.32 | 118.50 | 89.79 | 69.02 | 53.27 | 44.89 | 37.34 | <- |
Ethiopia * | 199.25 | 181.19 | 159.92 | 147.81 | 140.46 | 136.49 | 139.96 | 125.78 | 114.00 | 96.61 | 77.90 | 59.82 | 45.79 | 37.00 | <- |
Laos * | 175.86 | 166.84 | 156.43 | 147.28 | 138.00 | 130.25 | 121.88 | 108.36 | 97.80 | 83.16 | 69.95 | 57.53 | 46.97 | 38.76 | <- |
Yemen * | 287.97 | 281.05 | 270.84 | 239.85 | 198.47 | 159.02 | 121.01 | 96.13 | 83.54 | 74.88 | 61.56 | 48.64 | 43.28 | 43.23 | <- |
Tanzania * | 148.42 | 142.37 | 138.11 | 132.18 | 124.56 | 116.50 | 112.99 | 109.30 | 105.26 | 92.23 | 70.96 | 55.48 | 46.86 | 41.21 | <- |
Djibouti * | 154.16 | 143.27 | 131.20 | 120.16 | 103.95 | 96.34 | 87.38 | 81.20 | 76.10 | 71.75 | 68.10 | 63.42 | 55.67 | 33.36 | <- |
Zimbabwe * | 113.74 | 103.34 | 91.39 | 79.90 | 75.50 | 74.73 | 65.19 | 54.91 | 61.84 | 69.98 | 65.01 | 62.69 | 51.22 | 38.74 | <- |
Turkmenistan * | 149.99 | 139.85 | 130.21 | 120.28 | 110.48 | 100.63 | 90.84 | 80.89 | 75.44 | 67.55 | 61.98 | 54.14 | 46.88 | 43.28 | <- |
Papua New Guinea * | 158.09 | 141.47 | 124.15 | 108.07 | 93.84 | 82.44 | 74.12 | 68.35 | 63.89 | 60.62 | 58.19 | 54.48 | 48.31 | 41.95 | <- |
Sudan * | 134.53 | 121.43 | 111.18 | 102.07 | 93.29 | 89.04 | 86.98 | 84.07 | 79.91 | 70.10 | 61.79 | 53.18 | 47.83 | 42.86 | <- |
Kiribati * | 146.77 | 133.88 | 121.45 | 105.19 | 92.93 | 88.30 | 86.11 | 77.95 | 66.22 | 58.40 | 52.29 | 51.44 | 47.93 | 42.98 | <- |
Eswatini * | 144.80 | 137.82 | 130.21 | 121.40 | 107.52 | 89.05 | 68.91 | 52.52 | 54.10 | 76.42 | 86.32 | 74.23 | 51.61 | 41.36 | <- |
Malawi * | 178.42 | 176.26 | 172.58 | 169.48 | 162.30 | 155.29 | 147.87 | 141.14 | 127.16 | 106.24 | 86.94 | 68.43 | 52.55 | 41.33 | <- |
Gambia | 156.28 | 149.91 | 144.11 | 127.40 | 113.40 | 100.93 | 89.94 | 81.55 | 76.06 | 67.08 | 59.36 | 52.36 | 49.82 | 44.83 | <- |
Burundi * | 166.26 | 157.42 | 148.56 | 140.26 | 136.43 | 131.53 | 117.01 | 103.55 | 110.55 | 103.05 | 87.54 | 69.99 | 52.33 | 42.44 | <- |
Zambia * | 137.92 | 128.94 | 120.63 | 116.21 | 107.16 | 100.41 | 104.64 | 115.96 | 116.66 | 108.83 | 88.40 | 64.72 | 53.31 | 45.61 | <- |
Niger * | 160.86 | 160.63 | 158.14 | 155.60 | 150.64 | 138.69 | 132.92 | 138.78 | 129.70 | 102.62 | 85.23 | 67.59 | 55.90 | 46.31 | <- |
Uganda * | 150.34 | 141.42 | 131.47 | 120.49 | 116.52 | 115.92 | 116.98 | 116.10 | 105.28 | 93.51 | 79.51 | 70.73 | 58.96 | 46.15 | <- |
Togo * | 185.96 | 164.05 | 144.83 | 127.94 | 112.79 | 100.61 | 92.24 | 87.12 | 83.39 | 80.18 | 77.31 | 64.16 | 55.67 | 49.68 | <- |
Comoros * | 192.39 | 179.71 | 166.34 | 153.43 | 139.09 | 126.56 | 108.88 | 93.38 | 80.95 | 74.00 | 72.53 | 66.63 | 58.06 | 53.10 | <- |
Afghanistan * | 275.87 | 253.65 | 230.19 | 211.07 | 191.64 | 171.52 | 150.04 | 129.08 | 110.33 | 96.17 | 84.65 | 72.19 | 60.10 | 51.71 | <- |
Mauritania * | 147.77 | 137.38 | 121.76 | 108.91 | 103.05 | 96.63 | 86.78 | 75.63 | 70.32 | 69.71 | 69.20 | 65.57 | 58.86 | 53.44 | <- |
Liberia * | 165.36 | 164.56 | 163.25 | 156.75 | 149.51 | 144.21 | 139.48 | 148.87 | 156.09 | 135.94 | 100.28 | 72.88 | 60.13 | 54.06 | <- |
Haiti * | 221.29 | 194.79 | 181.34 | 166.80 | 148.43 | 131.73 | 120.12 | 105.22 | 92.37 | 79.35 | 68.94 | 63.82 | 60.96 | 54.30 | <- |
Mozambique * | 164.47 | 158.02 | 152.04 | 152.89 | 153.02 | 152.11 | 149.60 | 144.53 | 138.38 | 121.33 | 98.79 | 78.68 | 62.78 | 53.91 | <- |
Guinea * | 206.75 | 199.80 | 194.93 | 192.11 | 185.32 | 171.27 | 156.39 | 142.31 | 128.15 | 111.65 | 95.16 | 77.65 | 65.70 | 51.64 | <- |
Burkina Faso * | 228.11 | 208.84 | 192.10 | 172.00 | 153.43 | 132.94 | 119.24 | 109.67 | 103.97 | 99.47 | 89.98 | 77.53 | 64.74 | 54.21 | <- |
Guinea-Bissau * | 162.52 | 159.74 | 156.78 | 151.31 | 146.46 | 140.57 | 134.25 | 130.18 | 124.88 | 114.74 | 103.87 | 85.25 | 68.10 | 57.12 | <- |
Lesotho * | 128.02 | 118.45 | 114.77 | 113.80 | 105.36 | 90.89 | 74.22 | 63.55 | 62.83 | 73.10 | 78.96 | 74.94 | 65.37 | 62.25 | <- |
Ivory Coast * | 189.17 | 177.85 | 161.78 | 144.40 | 129.45 | 115.11 | 105.42 | 101.55 | 100.42 | 99.26 | 87.92 | 77.20 | 67.46 | 60.42 | <- |
Benin * | 207.82 | 192.49 | 175.99 | 162.83 | 150.71 | 135.25 | 123.60 | 113.52 | 102.18 | 93.32 | 84.03 | 74.51 | 67.66 | 61.15 | <- |
Pakistan * | 250.03 | 203.79 | 171.64 | 150.01 | 136.71 | 127.31 | 118.96 | 109.96 | 101.04 | 91.75 | 82.92 | 75.64 | 68.10 | 61.33 | <- |
South Sudan * | 248.10 | 225.34 | 209.13 | 193.47 | 180.94 | 168.71 | 165.56 | 149.64 | 129.76 | 113.78 | 101.32 | 78.57 | 65.81 | 64.36 | <- |
Cameroon * | 154.96 | 148.85 | 141.18 | 133.43 | 123.45 | 112.40 | 103.88 | 99.82 | 102.91 | 105.85 | 92.17 | 80.45 | 70.66 | 61.18 | <- |
Nigeria * | 200.29 | 185.98 | 172.57 | 159.28 | 147.07 | 134.06 | 125.18 | 125.88 | 125.86 | 118.50 | 103.96 | 89.33 | 74.97 | 62.14 | <- |
DR Congo * | 166.33 | 157.45 | 151.02 | 143.35 | 133.60 | 129.04 | 121.40 | 115.94 | 109.65 | 112.82 | 99.47 | 83.83 | 73.15 | 64.92 | <- |
Angola * | 192.80 | 187.54 | 180.65 | 172.00 | 162.33 | 154.58 | 148.74 | 145.39 | 145.06 | 142.14 | 128.76 | 104.21 | 78.25 | 61.46 | <- |
Equatorial Guinea * | 167.05 | 162.79 | 158.25 | 153.59 | 148.56 | 143.43 | 130.94 | 124.63 | 116.01 | 105.70 | 95.42 | 84.63 | 73.79 | 66.13 | <- |
Mali * | 241.92 | 223.57 | 206.89 | 191.50 | 176.25 | 162.69 | 150.64 | 138.98 | 126.95 | 121.16 | 106.53 | 89.06 | 78.47 | 65.80 | <- |
Somalia * | 199.81 | 185.66 | 172.91 | 160.35 | 147.25 | 136.58 | 127.62 | 123.09 | 129.41 | 105.01 | 96.96 | 89.76 | 79.44 | 69.31 | <- |
Chad * | 186.05 | 176.51 | 168.50 | 159.37 | 146.10 | 137.63 | 130.02 | 123.17 | 119.04 | 114.13 | 108.34 | 97.53 | 84.06 | 74.50 | <- |
Central African Republic * | 169.91 | 164.19 | 158.11 | 149.81 | 136.90 | 122.55 | 112.92 | 111.00 | 111.03 | 109.79 | 105.11 | 99.65 | 90.29 | 81.90 | <- |
Sierra Leone * | 237.16 | 225.27 | 216.34 | 203.79 | 190.25 | 179.68 | 171.05 | 165.76 | 162.80 | 157.07 | 141.88 | 122.09 | 97.13 | 80.77 | <- |
World | 139.57 | 127.72 | 120.35 | 104.13 | 93.99 | 84.90 | 75.28 | 66.87 | 62.91 | 56.87 | 49.22 | 40.98 | 33.91 | 29.26 |
Notes
- Countries are ranked based on last two columns average calculated in order to make the rank more independent from fluctuations in any single (most recent) column, particularly as the 2015-2020 data is preliminary.
See also
References
- ^ Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births). World Bank Data. World Development Indicators. World DataBank.
- "Under-five mortality". World Health Organization.
- "GHO | World Health Statistics data visualizations dashboard | Under-five mortality rate". World Health Organization.
- "United Nations Children's Fund"UNICEF
- ^ "CIA World Factbook"The World Factbook published by the Central Intelligence Agency
- United Nations World Population Prospects