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The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) fleet is made up of 28 commissioned warships and 17 non-commissioned as of April 2024, using the Prefix of ADV (Australian Defence Vessel).

The main strength is the seven frigates and three destroyers of the surface combatant force: seven Anzac class frigates and three Hobart class destroyers. Six Collins-class boats make up the submarine service, although due to the maintenance cycle not all submarines are active at any time. Issues present early in the service life of the submarines have now been fixed and five submarines are mission capable. Amphibious warfare assets include two Canberra-class landing helicopter dock ships and the landing ship HMAS Choules. Four Armidale-class patrol boats perform coastal and economic exclusion zone patrols, and Two Huon-class vessels are used for minehunting and clearance (4 have been decommissioned). Replenishment at sea is provided by two Supply-class replenishment oilers, while the two Leeuwin-class perform survey and charting duties.

In addition to the commissioned warships, the RAN operates the sail training ship Young Endeavour, eight Cape-class patrol boats and seven ships making up the National Support Squadron. Other auxiliaries and small craft are not operated by the RAN, but by DMS Maritime, who are contracted to provide support services.

The majority of the RAN fleet is divided between Fleet Base East (HMAS Kuttabul, in Sydney) and Fleet Base West (HMAS Stirling, near Perth). Mine warfare assets are located at HMAS Waterhen (also in Sydney), while HMAS Cairns in Cairns and HMAS Coonawarra in Darwin host the navy's patrol and survey vessels.

For over 30 years, the Osborne Naval Shipyard in South Australia has been the main supplier of 'Tier 1 combatant' vessels to the RAN, having constructed the entire Collins-class submarine fleet and Hobart-class destroyer fleet. Osborne will further supply the navy with the currently under-construction Hunter-class frigate vessels, as well as SSN-AUKUS nuclear-powered attack submarines and Hobart class guided-missile destroyer replacements. The Henderson Shipyard in Western Australia will supply the RAN with smaller 'Tier 2 surface combatant' vessels. These include Australian general purpose frigate's, Large Optionally-Crewed Surface Vessel's (LOSV), and Cape class and Arafura class patrol boats.

Submarines

Collins class

Australia operates a single class of diesel-electric submarines, the six Collins-class boats which began entering service in 1993. The Collins was designed by the Swedish submarine builder Kockums as the Type 471 specifically to meet Australian requirements, many of which were derived from Australia's need for great range without utilizing a nuclear propulsion system. The boats themselves were built in Australia by the Australian Submarine Corporation in Adelaide. The submarines are classified by the RAN as guided missile submarines (SSG), but are often referred to as hunter-killer submarines (SSK) in the international press. While these vessels represented a major increase in capability for the RAN, they have found themselves mired in numerous technical and operational problems. Meanwhile, the RAN has struggled to sufficiently crew their submarine fleet, with at times no more than two qualified crews available.

The Collins was to be replaced by twelve Shortfin Barracudas a conventionally-powered design of the Barracuda-class nuclear submarine by French shipbuilder Naval Group that had been selected in 2016 and named the Attack-class. In September 2021, in a joint announcement, it was announced that the Attack-class contract had been cancelled, and that Australia would acquire up to eight nuclear-powered submarines with US and UK support through a new trilateral security partnership between Australia, the UK and the US named AUKUS. In March 2023, AUKUS announced that Australia will buy three Virginia class submarines from the US, with the option to buy two more, with the first boat planned to be delivered to Australia in the early 2030s. AUKUS also announced that Australia and the UK will commence construction of a new nuclear-powered submarine class known as the SSN-AUKUS with the first Australian built SSN-AUKUS boat to be delivered by the early 2040s. Australia will reportedly build five SSN-AUKUS boats. The entire Collins-class fleet will now receive a Life-of-Type Extension.

Amphibious warfare

Canberra class

The Canberra class are landing helicopter dock ships based on the design of Spanish ship Juan Carlos I. The hull of each ship was built by the designer, Navantia, then was transported to Australia by heavy lift ship for internal fitout and installation of the superstructure by BAE Systems Australia. Designed to transport and land an amphibious force of up to 1,600 soldiers by landing craft and helicopter, the Canberras are the largest ships ever operated by the RAN. Lead ship HMAS Canberra was commissioned into the RAN in late 2014. The second ship of the class, Adelaide, was commissioned at the end of 2015.

Choules

The Bay-class landing ship dock HMAS Choules was acquired by the RAN in 2011. The ship was originally built by Swan Hunter for the British Royal Fleet Auxiliary, and entered British service in 2006 as RFA Largs Bay. She was made redundant in the 2011 Strategic Defence and Security Review and sold to Australia. Choules represents a major increase in sealift capability for the RAN, particularly after mechanical issues in 2010 and 2011 forced the early retirement of the navy's two Kanimbla-class vessels, and put HMAS Tobruk in dock for an extensive refit.

Surface combatants

Hobart class

Australia operates a single class of air warfare destroyers (AWD). The Hobart-class AWD are based on the Spanish Navantia F100 frigate and incorporate an Aegis Combat System with an AN/SPY-1D(V)phased array radar. These combined with the SM-2 missile provide an advanced air defence system capable of engaging enemy aircraft and missiles at ranges in excess of 150 km (93 mi).

Anzac class

There are seven frigates of the Anzac class (the lead ship of the class has been retired). These were commissioned from 1996 to 2006 as part of a joint program with New Zealand, whose navy operates an additional two examples. Derived from Blohm + Voss' MEKO modular ship family and designated the MEKO 200 ANZ by that company, the ships were built in Australia by Tenix in Williamstown, Victoria. They are designated as helicopter frigates (FFH) by the RAN, and are designed to be capable of both mid-level patrol and blue water operations. In 2010, these vessels began to receive upgrades to their anti-ship missile defence (ASMD) capabilities.

Patrol and defence

Armidale class

For patrol of Australia's vast coastline, territorial waters, and offshore territories, the RAN operates four Armidale-class patrol boats. These replaced the Fremantle class from 2005 as the navy's primary asset for border protection, fisheries patrols, and interception of unauthorised arrivals by sea. Based on the Bay-class customs vessels, the Armidale's are significantly enlarged to allow for better range and seakeeping ability. Originally, twelve boats were to be built by Austal, but the establishment of a dedicated patrol force for the North West Shelf Venture saw another two ordered. HMAS Bundaberg was decommissioned in December 2014 after being extensively damaged by an onboard fire. Ongoing problems with the patrol boats, including wear from high operational use and structural issues, prompted the RAN to acquire two Cape-class patrol boats from the Australian Border Force.

Huon class

Mine countermeasures at sea are handled by the Huon-class minehunters, which began to enter RAN service from 1999. The class was based on the Italian Navy's Gaeta-class minehunter developed by Intermarine. Development was undertaken in partnership between Intermarine and Australian Defence Industries (ADI). The first hull was built in Italy, with fitting out the first and construction of the remaining five vessels of the class done by ADI in Newcastle, replacing the problematic Bay-class minehunters. In addition to the mine warfare role, they have been deployed on multiple occasions to support Northern Australian patrol and border protection operations. Three vessels operate out of HMAS Waterhen, in Sydney. The others has been decommissioned and either sold ( Norman and Hawkesbury) or awaiting further options (Huon and soon Gascoyne).

Replenishment

Supply class

Two Supply-class replenishment ships were ordered in 2016, the ships are based on Spanish Navantia's design AOR Cantabria, these ships replaced the RAN's ageing replenishment vessels HMAS Success and HMAS Sirius. The ships are designed to provide fuel, food, ammunition, and other stores to RAN vessels operating well beyond friendly ports. The two vessels were built at Navantia's shipyard in Ferrol.

Hydrographic survey

Leeuwin class

Only one of the two Leeuwin-class survey ships is still active as of 3 November 2024. They were built for the RAN by NQEA of Cairns. Ordered in 1996, the ships were commissioned in a joint ceremony in 2000. They are capable of charting waters up to 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) deep, and carry three Fantome-class survey boats for shallow-water work. In addition to hydrographic surveying duties, since 2001 both vessels have also operated in support of the RAN patrol force.

Non-commissioned vessels

Young Endeavour

The sail training ship Young Endeavour was built as a gift from the United Kingdom to Australia for the latter's 1988 bicentenary of colonisation. Built by British shipbuilder Brooke Marine, the brigantine rig vessel is operated by the RAN, but is used to facilitate the Young Endeavour Youth Scheme; a sail training program for Australian youth aged between 16 and 23. A 10-strong RAN crew is supplemented by 24–30 youth on ten-day voyages, with 500 applicants selected every year through two ballots.

Cape class

Eight Cape-class patrol boats were built for the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service (now the Australian Border Force) by Austal between 2012 and 2015, as replacements for the Bay class. Following the loss of HMAS Bundaberg and hull issues with the Armidale class requiring an intense remedial maintenance program, two Cape-class patrol boats were leased to the RAN from late 2015 until the end of 2016. The patrol boats operate from HMAS Cairns and HMAS Coonawarra in Darwin. These vessles are identified with the Australian Defence Vessel (ADV) prefix, ADV Cape Fourcroy and ADV Cape Inscription retain the blue-and-red customs colour scheme whilst the Evolved Cape-class ships have a gray colour scheme. Two new boats were ordered on 2017 and the two leased were returned to the ABF.

National Support Squadron

In addition to commissioned ships, the RAN is supported by the National Support Squadron which is made up of vessels operated by Teekay Shipping Australia and crewed mainly by civilian mariners. The force comprises:

• MV Besant (Submarine support)
• MV Mercator (Navigational training vessel)
• MV Sycamore (Aviation training vessel)
• MV Stoker (Submarine support)
• ADV Ocean Protector (Border protection)
• ADV Reliant (Pacific support vessel)
• ADV Guidance (Undersea Support Vessel)

Future fleet

On order

Class	On order	Origin	Picture	Type	Builder	Ship	No.	Planned Comm.	Status	Displacement / length	Notes
Submarines (8)
Virginia class	2 (Mk.IV) 1 (Mk.VI)	United States		Nuclear attack submarine	General Dynamics Electric Boat Huntington Ingalls Industries	–	–	2032	AUKUS treaty signed	7,900 tonnes (block IV) 10,200 tonnes (block VI)	Second hand submarines from US Navy.
						–	–	2035
						–	–	2037
SSN-AUKUS class	5	United Kingdom  Australia	Artist impression	Nuclear attack submarine	BAE Systems Submarines ASC Osborne Naval Shipyard	–	–	Late 2030 – early 2040	AUKUS treaty signed, under development	> 10,000 tonnes (submerged)
						–	–
						–	–
						–	–
						–	–
Amphibious fleet (20 landing crafts)
Landing Craft – Heavy class Damen LST100	8	Netherlands (design)  Australia (construction)	–	LCU (landing craft utility)	Damen Group (design)Austal (construction)	–	–	From 2026	Construction	3,900 tonnes
Landing Craft – Medium class "LC-M"	18	Australia (design)  Australia (construction)	–	LCU (landing craft utility)	Birdon Group (design)Austal (construction)	–	–	From 2026	Construction	–	Project Land 8710 Phase 1.
Landing Craft Lights type "LCL"	2	Australia	–	LCVP (Landing craft vehicle personnel)	Whiskey Project Group	–	–	–	On order	–	Vessels to equip the ADV Reliant
Frigates (3)
Hunter class	3 (+ 3 planned)	United Kingdom (design)  Australia (construction)		Frigate	BAE Systems Maritime Australia	Hunter	–	2034	Under contract	8,800 tonnes	Succeeding to the Anzac class, "Project SEA 5000 Phase 1"
						Flinders	–	2030s
						Tasman	–	2030s
Patrol vessels (6)
Arafura class "PV 80"	6	Australia		MCM "mine countermeasures vessel"	Luerssen Australia	Arafura	OPV 203	2024	Under contract	1,640 tonnes	Project SEA 1180 Phase 1
						Eyre	OPV 204	–
						Pilbara	OPV 205	–
						Gippsland	OPV 206	–
						Illawarra	OPV 207	–
						Carpentaria	OPV 208	–
Training vessels
STS Young Endeavour II	1	Australia	–	Sail training ship	Birdon Group Dykstra Naval Architects	STS Young Endeavour II	–	–	Under construction	–

Planned future fleet and potential orders

Programme	Class	Planned	Origin	Builder	Picture	Type	Ship	No.	Planned Comm.	Status	Displacement / length	Notes
	Submarines (3)
AUKUS	Virginia class	3	United States	General Dynamics Electric Boat Huntington Ingalls Industries		Nuclear attack submarine	–	–	2032	Potential purchases	3,700 tonnes (submerged) 3,300 tonnes (surfaced)
							–	–	2035
							–	–	2038
	Frigates (14)
Project SEA 5000 Phase 2	Hunter class	3	United Kingdom (design)  Australia (construction)	BAE Systems Maritime Australia		Frigate	–	–	Late 2030	Planned purchases	8,800 tonnes	Succeeding to the Anzac class,
							–	–
							–	–
Project Sea 3000	MEKO A-200 class	11	Germany	Blohm + Voss		General-purpose frigates	–	–	–	Bid ongoing	2,800 tonnes	Henderson to build 8 of the ships in Australia.
	Mogami class "30FFM"		Japan	MHI			–	–	–

See also

• List of Defence Maritime Services vessels
• List of Royal Australian Navy bases
• List of Royal Australian Navy ships

References

Citations

1. Saunders & Philpott (eds.), IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2015–2016, p. 35
2. Defense Industry Daily, 23 April 2012
3. Wroe, David (26 April 2016). "France wins $50b contract to help build Australia's new submarines". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
4. Prime Minister of Australia Scott Morrison; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Boris Johnson; President of the United States of America Joseph R. Biden (16 September 2021). "Joint Leaders Statement on AUKUS". Prime Minister of Australia (Press release). Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
5. ^ Prime Minister; Minister for Defence; Minister for Foreign Affairs; Minister for Women (16 September 2021). "Australia to pursue Nuclear-powered Submarines through new Trilateral Enhanced Security Partnership". Prime Minister of Australia (Press release). Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
6.  This article incorporates text published under the British Open Government Licence v3.0: Ministry of Defence; Defence Nuclear Organisation (14 March 2023). "The AUKUS Nuclear Powered-Submarine Pathway: A Partnership for the Future" (PDF). p. 8. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
7. ^ Prime Minister of Australia Anthony Albanese; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Rishi Sunak; President of the United States of America Joseph R. Biden (14 March 2023). "Joint Leaders Statement on AUKUS". Prime Minister of Australia (Press release). Retrieved 14 March 2023. This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
8. Ministry of Defence 2023, p. 7.
9. Briggs, Peter (12 October 2023). "How many nuclear-powered submarines for Australia?". The Strategist — Australian Strategic Policy Institute. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
10. "HMAS Canberra (III)". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
11. "The future of Phalanx in the RAN - Australian Defence Magazine".
12. Staples, Natalie (19 December 2014). "HMAS Bundaberg decommissioned". Navy Daily. Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
13. ^ McPhedran, Ian (9 October 2015). "The $3 million cost of Navy's decision to lease patrol boats for border protection". News.com.au. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
14. ^ Kerr, Julian (1 January 2008). "Plain sailing: Australia's Armidales prove fit for task". Jane's Navy International. Jane's Information Group.
15. ^ Wertheim, Eric, ed. (2007). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems (15th ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-59114-955-2. OCLC 140283156.
16. Australian Security Magazine, Govt to buy new border patrol vessels
17. "Austal Awarded Cape Class Patrol Boat Contract". Media Releases. Austal. 12 August 2011. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
18. ^ Paroz, Des (5 December 2015). "Cape Class ships join the Fleet". Navy Daily. Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
19. ^ Saunders (ed.), IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2012–2013, p. 39
20. ^ "Austal Patrol 58 – Cape Class" (PDF). Austal. May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
21. Massie, Mark. "Pacific support vessel shoots to thrill". Department of Defence. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
22. "Defence confirms undersea support vessel - Australian Defence Magazine". www.australiandefence.com.au. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
23. Turnbull, Malcolm (25 March 2024). "Australia chose Aukus and now it faces the prospect of having no submarine capability for at least a decade". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
24. Eckstein, Megan (13 November 2023). "Here's when the US Navy plans to sell subs to Australia under AUKUS". Defense News. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
25. Briggs, Peter (12 October 2023). "How many nuclear-powered submarines for Australia?". The Strategist. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
26. "The White House has confirmed an AUKUS 'milestone' has been reached, but what did Australia give up to get there?". ABC News. 8 August 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
27. Staff, Naval News (22 November 2024). "Australia Taps Damen for Landing Craft Heavy Requirement". Naval News. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
28. "Australia accelerates army's medium landing craft project". Default. 24 July 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
29. Felton, Ben (23 November 2023). "Austal, Birdon Secure Australian Landing Craft Contract". Naval News. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
30. Reporter; Garman, Liam (29 July 2024). "The Whiskey Project to deliver light landing craft to Navy". www.defenceconnect.com.au. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
31. ^ "Hunter Class Frigate".
32. "Arafura Class offshore patrol vessel".
33. "Australian shipbuilding capability on display at ceremonial keel laying for Young Endeavour II - Australian Defence Magazine". www.australiandefence.com.au. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
34. Scheme, Young Endeavour Youth (25 July 2023). "New ship to replace STS Young Endeavour". Young Endeavour. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
35. Ruitenberg, Rudy (15 March 2024). "France's Naval Group wins $6 billion Dutch submarine project". Defense News. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
36. Arthur, Gordon (7 June 2024). "Australia fast-tracks its hunt for replacement frigates". Defense News. Retrieved 8 August 2024.

Bibliography

• Defense Industry Daily (23 April 2012). "Australia's Submarine Program in the Dock". Defense Industry Daily. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
• Defense Industry Daily (5 May 2012). "Australia's Next Generation Submarines". Defense Industry Daily. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
• Royal Australian Navy. "Current Ships". Retrieved 30 November 2014.
• Saunders, Stephen; Philpott, Tom, eds. (7 August 2015). IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2015–2016. Jane's Fighting Ships (116th Revised ed.). Coulsdon: IHS Jane's. ISBN 9780710631435. OCLC 919022075.

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