A list of political parties, organizations, and movements adhering to various forms of fascist ideology, part of the list of fascist movements by country.
Fascist movements, sorted by country
| Logo | Name of movement | Country of predominant operation | Came to power? | Founded post-World War II? | Active? | General influence | Flag | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch People's Union | Netherlands | No | Yes (1971) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
|
General Dutch Fascist League | Netherlands | No | No (1932) | No | Nazism | 
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National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands | Netherlands | No | No (1931) | No | Nazism | 
|
Originated in 1931 as a fascist movement, converted to antisemitism and national-socialism in 1936-1937, never gained more than 8% of the Dutch voters |
|
National Socialist Dutch Workers Party | Netherlands | No | No (1931) | No | Nazism | 
|
Broke away from NSB |
| General Dutch Fascist League | Netherlands | No | No (1932) | No | Italian Fascism | |||
| Black Front | Netherlands | No | No (1934) | No | Clerical fascism | |||
| National Socialist Party of New Zealand | New Zealand | No | Yes (1969) | No | Nazism | |||
|
New Zealand National Front | New Zealand | No | Yes (1968) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | Splinter group of the League of Empire Loyalists, not a fascist organization | |
| Unit 88 | New Zealand | No | Yes | No | Neo-Nazism | |||
|
Nasjonal Samling (NS) | Norway | Yes | No (1933) | No | Nazism | 
|
Founded and led by Vidkun Quisling. Formed German puppet government in Norway. Banned 1945. |
| National Socialist Movement of Norway | Norway | No | Yes (1988) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
| Norwegian Front (NF) | Norway | No | Yes (1975) | No | Neo-fascism | |||
| Norwegian Germanic Army | Norway | No | Yes | No | Neo-Nazism | |||
| Vigrid | Norway | No | Yes (1999) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
| Brit HaBirionim | Palestine (British Mandate of Palestine) | No | No (1930) | No | Italian Fascism | Founded by of Dr. Abba Ahimeir, Uri Zvi Greenberg and Dr. Joshua Yeivin. | ||
| Accion Comunal | Panama | Yes | No | Panameñism | Founded by Dr. Arnulfo Arias | |||
| Falange Peru | Peru | No | Yes | ? | Falangism | official site | ||
|
Revolutionary Union | Peru | Yes | No (1931) | No | Independent | 
|
Founded by Peruvian President Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro |
| Ganap | Philippines | Yes (as part of KALIBAPI) | No (1941) | No | Far-right nationalism, fascism | Collaboratonist movement deriving from Sakdalista party | ||
|
KALIBAPI | Philippines | yes | No (1942) | No | Fascism | 
|
Collaborationist movement |
| Makapili | Philippines | Yes (as part of KALIBAPI) | No (1941) | No | Far-right nationalism, fascism | 
|
Extreme nationalist, collaborationist movement, Anti-American party. | |
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Philippine Falange | Philippines | No | No (late 1930s) | No | Falangism | 
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Branch of the Spanish Falange. Leadership positions held by influential Spanish businessmen. |
| Camp of Great Poland (OWP) | Poland | No | No (1925) | No | Far-right nationalism | Founded and led by Roman Dmowski. Banned 1933 | ||
| National Radical Camp (1934) (ONR) | Poland | No | No (1934) | No | Far-right nationalism | 
|
Splinter group of the National Party (SN), led by Jan Mosdorf. Banned soon after its establishment, in 1934. Splintered into ONR-ABC and RNR-Falanga. | |
| National Radical Camp-ABC (ONR-ABC) | Poland | No | No (1935) | No | National radicalism, far-right nationalism |
|
Breakaway movement led by Henryk Rossman. During World War II ONR-ABC was transformed into a resistance movement called the "Rampart" Group. | |
| National Radical Movement-Falanga (RNR-Falanga) | Poland | No | No (1935) | No | National radicalism, far-right nationalism |
|
Breakaway movement led by Bolesław Piasecki. Commonly known as the ONR-Falanga. During World War II RNR-Falanga was transformed into a resistance movement called the Confederation of the Nation (KN). | |
|
Party of National Socialists [pl] (PNS) | Poland | No | No (1933) | No | National socialism (non-Nazi, anti-German) pl:Narodowy socjalizm (znaczenie ogólne), Polish nationalism, Pan-Slavism | Splinter group of The National Labour Party (NSP). | |
|
National Radical Camp (ONR) | Poland | No | Yes (1993) | Yes | Far-right nationalism |
|
Nationalist movement based on the tradition of a pre-war group of the same name. |
| National Rebirth of Poland (NOP) | Poland | No | Yes (1981) | Yes | Far-right nationalism, third position | 
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Led by Adam Gmurczyk. Party refers to the pre-war Polish national radical movements. | |
|
National Socialist Workers Party (Poland) [pl](NSPR) | Poland | No | No (1933) | No | National socialism (non-Nazi, anti-German) pl:Narodowy socjalizm (znaczenie ogólne), Polish nationalism | ||
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Young German Party in Poland (JDP) | Poland | No | No (1931) | No | Nazism | Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939. | |
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German People's Union in Poland | Poland | No | No (1924) | No | Nazism | Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939. | |
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German Union for Western Poland (DV) | Poland | No | No (1934) | No | Nazism | Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939. | |
| National Action Movement | Portugal | No | Yes (1986) | No | Nazism | Inactive 1992 | ||
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National Syndicalists | Portugal | No | No | No | independent | 
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Banned by the Estado Novo |
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National Union | Portugal | Yes | No (1932) | ? | Estado Novo/Clerical Fascism | 
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| New Social Order | Portugal | No | Yes (2014) | No | Lusitanian Integralism | |||
| Ordem Nova ("New Order") | Portugal | No | Yes (1978) | No | Nazism |
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Inactive 1982 | |
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Crusade of Romanianism | Romania | No | No | No | Romanian fascism | Initially called the White Eagles | |
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Iron Guard | Romania | Yes | No (1927) | No | Romanian fascism | .svg){kind=small}
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Breakaway group from National-Christian Defense League; members were called "Green Shirts" because of their green uniforms |
| National-Christian Defense League | Romania | No | No (1923) | No | Romanian fascism | Iron Guard was a breakaway group from this movement | ||
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National Christian Party | Romania | Yes | No (1935) | No | Romanian clerical fascism | 
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| National Fascist Movement | Romania | No | No (1923) | No | Italian Fascism/independent | Union of NIRFM and NRF | ||
| National Italo-Rumanian Fascist Movement | Romania | No | No (1921) | No | Italian Fascism | Led by Elena Bacaloglu | ||
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National Romanian Fascio | Romania | No | No (1921) | No | Independent | Led by Titus Vifor | |
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National Socialist Party | Romania | No | No (1932) | No | Nazism | .svg){kind=small}
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| New Right | Romania | No | Yes | Yes | Neofascism | |||
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Romanian Front | Romania | No | No (1935) | No | Romanian fascism | Splinter group of National Peasants' Party led by Alexandru Vaida-Voevod | |
| Ethnic National Union | Russia | No | Yes (2018) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | 
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Front of National Revolutionary Action | Russia | No | Yes (1991) | No | Neo-Nazism |  .svg){kind=small} 
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| Northern Alliance Party | Russia | No | Yes (1999) | No | Neo-Nazism |  .svg){kind=small}
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Neo-nazis taking inspiration from collaborationist movements from World War II. | |
| Northern Brotherhood | Russia | No | Yes (2006) | No | Neo-Nazism | |||
| Pamyat | Russia | No | Yes | No | Monarchist restoration, ultra-nationalism | Splintered into Russian National Union and National Unity of Russia | ||
| National Bolshevik Party | Russia | No | Yes (1993) | No | National Bolshevism | 
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| The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov | Russia | No | Yes (2010) | Yes | National Bolshevism | |||
| Russian National Socialist Party (formerly Russian National Union) | Russia | No | Yes (1992) | No | Neo-Nazism | 
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Led by Konstantin Kassimovsky; became Russian National Socialist Party in 1998; splinter of Pamyat in 1992 | |
 
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Russian National Unity | Russia | No | Yes | Yes | Neo-Nazism |  
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Slavic Union | Russia | No | Yes (1999) | Yes | Neo-Nazism Pan-Slavism |
Banned in 2010 | |
| National Socialist Russian Workers' Party | Russia | No | Yes (1994) | No | Neo-Nazism, Anti-turkism | .svg){kind=small}
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| Block FACT | Russia | No | Yes (2010) | No | Anti-Communism | |||
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National Socialist Society | Russia | No | Yes (2004) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | 
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| Army for the Liberation of Rwanda | Rwanda | No | Yes (1997) | No | Hutu Power | .svg){kind=small}
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Rebel group active in the eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | |
| Coalition for the Defence of the Republic | Rwanda | No | Yes (1992) | No | Hutu Power | 
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| Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda | Rwanda | No | Yes (2000) | No | Hutu Power | 
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Rebel group active in the eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | |
| Interahamwe | Rwanda | No | Yes (1990) | Yes | Hutu Power | 
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National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development | Rwanda | Yes | Yes (1975) | No | Hutu Power | .svg){kind=small}
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Sammarinese Fascist Party | San Marino | Yes | No (1922) | No | Italian Fascism | Collapsed in 1943, refounded as Republican Fascio of San Marino in January 1944 and subsequently banned in November | |
| Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II) | Serbia | No | No | No | Fascism | |||
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Yugoslav National Movement | Serbia | No | No | No | Fascism | ||
| Leviathan Movement | Serbia | No | Yes (2015) | No | Neo-fascism | |||
| Nacionalni stroj | Serbia | No | Yes | Yes | Neo-Nazism | 
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Neo-Nazi skinheads | |
| Otačastveni pokret Obraz | Serbia | No | Yes | Yes | Clerical fascism | 
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| Serbian Action | Serbia | No | Yes (2010) | Yes | Ultranationalism
Neo-fascism |
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Slovak Togetherness | Slovakia | No | Yes | Yes | Neo-Nazism | 
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Banned in 2006 |
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Slovak People's Party | Slovakia, Czechoslovakia, Austria-Hungary | Yes | No (1906) | No | Clerical fascism | 
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Formed German puppet government in Slovakia |
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People's Party Our Slovakia | Slovakia | No | Yes | Yes | Fascism, Neo-Nazi | 
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| Afrikaner Studentebond | South Africa | No | Yes | ? | Nazism | |||
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Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging | South Africa | No | Yes (1973) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | 
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Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging | South Africa | No | Yes (1985) | No | Neo-Nazism | ||
| Boerestaat Party | South Africa | No | Yes | ? | Apartheid | Paramilitary group, the Boere Weerstandsbeweging | ||
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Herstigte Nasionale Party | South Africa | No | Yes | Yes | Apartheid, Anti-Volkstaat | 
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| National Party | South Africa | Yes | No (1914) | No | Apartheid | .svg){kind=small}
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Ossewabrandwag | South Africa | No | No (1939) | No | Apartheid | ||
| South African Christian National Socialist Movement | South Africa | No | No | Nazism | 
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Paramilitary group was the Gryshemde, “Grayshirts” | ||
| South African National Front | South Africa | No | Yes (1977) | No | Neo-fascism | |||
| Autonomous Bases | Spain | No | Yes | ? | Neo-Nazism/National Anarchism |  |
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| Spanish Circle of Friends of Europe | Spain | No | Yes (1966) | No | Neo-Nazism | 
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Disbanded 1993 | |
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España 2000 | Spain | No | Yes (2002) | Yes | Patriotic, Neo-Nazi | ||
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FE y de las JONS | Spain | No | No (1934) | No | Falangism |
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FET y de las JONS | Spain | Yes | No (1937) | No | Falangism, Francoism |
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FE y de las JONS (1976) | Spain | No | Yes (1976) | Yes | Falangism | ||
| The Phalanx | Spain | No | Yes (1999) | Yes | Falangism | .svg){kind=small}
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National Alliance | Spain | No | Yes (2006) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | ||
| National Democracy | Spain | No | Yes (1995) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
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Bodu Bala Sena | Sri Lanka | No | Yes | Yes | Ethno-fascism | ||
| Clerical People's Party | Sweden | No | No (1930) | No | Clerical fascism | |||
| National Socialist Workers' Party | Sweden | No | No (1933) | No | Nazism | 
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Became Swedish Socialist Coalition (Swedish: Svensk Socialistisk Samling) in 1938 | |
| National Socialist Bloc | Sweden | No | No (1933) | No | Nazism | 
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Formed from the merger of Nationalsocialistiska Samlingspartiet and Nationalsocialistiska Förbundet and, later, Nationalsocialistisk Samling | |
| Nordic Realm Party | Sweden | No | Yes (1956) | No | Neo-Nazi | 
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Swedish National Socialist Farmers' and Workers' Party | Sweden | No | No (1924) | No | Nazism, Agrarianism | Merged with the Swedish National Socialist Party | |
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Swedish National Socialist Party | Sweden | No | No (1936) | No | Nazism | 
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| White Aryan Resistance | Sweden | No | Yes (1991) | No | Neo-Nazi | Paramilitary group active between 1991 and 1993. | ||
| National Alliance | Sweden | No | Yes (1993) | No | Neo-Nazi | Founded as Young National Socialists of Stockholm (Swedish: Stockholms Unga Nationalsocialister (SUNS)) in 1993. Became the National Alliance in 1996. | ||
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National Socialist Front | Sweden | No | Yes (1994) | No | Neo-Nazi | 
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Disbanded in 2008 |
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Swedish Resistance Movement | Sweden | No | Yes (1995) | Yes | Neo-Nazi | 
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Militant organization. |
| National Youth | Sweden | No | Yes (1997) | Yes | Neo-Nazi | 
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Youth organisation of the Swedish Resistance Movement | |
| Legion Wasa | Sweden | No | Yes (1999) | No | Neo-Nazi | Militant organization | ||
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Party of the Swedes | Sweden | No | Yes (2008) | No | Ethnic nationalist, Swedish nationalist, Neo-Nazi | 
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Successor of National Socialist Front, first founded under the name People's Front (Swedish: Folkfronten). Disbanded in 2015. |
| Eidgenössische Sammlung | Switzerland | No | No (1940) | No | Nazism | 
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Successor movement to the National Front | |
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National Front | Switzerland | No | No (1930) | No | Nazism/independent | .svg){kind=small}
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| National Movement of Switzerland | Switzerland | No | No (1940) | No | Nazism | |||
| National Union | Switzerland | No | No (1932) | No | Nazism/independent | Francophone group | ||
| Swiss Nationalist Party | Switzerland | No | Yes (2000) | No | Völkism, Neo-Nazism | |||
| Volkspartei der Schweiz | Switzerland | No | Yes (1951) | No | Neo-Nazi | Led by Gaston-Armand Amaudruz | ||
| League of Nationalist Action | Syria | No | No (1932) | No | Fascism | Was founded in 1932 in Syria. | ||
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Syrian Social Nationalist Party | Syria, Lebanon | No | No (1932) | Yes | Fascism | 
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Advocates the establishment of a Greater Syrian national state, including present Syria, Lebanon, the Hatay Province of Turkey, Israel, the Palestinian territories, the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, Cyprus, Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait. |
| National Socialism Association | Taiwan | No | Yes (2007) | Yes | Han ultranationalism
Neo-Nazism |
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| Grey Wolves | Turkey | No | Yes (1968) | No | Independent | 
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Terrorist organization | |
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Republican Villagers Nation Party | Turkey | Yes (as part of coalition governments: 1962, 1965) | Yes (1958) | No | Far-right nationalism, neo-fascism, third position | Precursor of the Nationalist Movement Party. | |
| National Activity and Vigorous Development | Turkey | No | Yes (1969) | No | Neo-Nazi | A National Socialist group existed in 1969 in İzmir, when a group of former CKMP members (precursor party of the MHP) founded the association "Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf" (NAZİ). The club maintained two combat units. The members wore SA uniforms and used the Hitler salute. One of the leaders (Gündüz Kapancıoğlu) was re-admitted to the MHP in 1975. | ||
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Nationalist Movement Party | Turkey | Yes (as part of coalition governments: 1975, 1977, 1999) | Yes (1969) | Yes | Far-right nationalism, neo-fascism | 
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Described as a neo-fascist party linked to extremist and violent militias: Grey Wolves. |
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References
- Szajkowski, Bogdan (2004). Revolutionary and Dissident Movements of the World. John Harper Pub. p. 363. ISBN 9780954381127.
- Ó Maoláin, Ciarán (1987). The radical right: a world directory. Longman. p. 215. ISBN 9780874365146.
- Peter de Mendelssohn, Japan's Political Welfare, Taylor & Francis US, 2010, p. 121
- David Bernstein, The Philippine Story, READ BOOKS, 2007, p. 163
- Felixberto G. Bustos, And Now Comes Roxas: The Story of the First President of the Republic of the Philippines and the Occupation, C. Z. Bustos, 1945, p. 187
- Augusto V. de Viana, Kulaboretor!: The Issue of Political Collaboration During World War II, University of Santo Tomas Publishing House, 2003, p. 46
- ^ Radzikowski, Michał (2013-09-25). "Michał Radzikowski: Narodowy socjalizm w Polsce międzywojennej". Nacjonalista.pl. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
- ^ Meller, Arkadiusz (2011-12-15). "Wywiad z redaktorem "Polskiej Karty" - jedynego portalu nawiązującego do tradycji polskich przedwojennych narodowych-socjalistów". Konserwatyzm.pl. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
- Christian P. Scherrer, Institute for Research on Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution. Ongoing crisis in Central Africa: revolution in Congo and disorder in the Great Lakes region: conflict impact assessment and policy options. Institute for Research on Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution, 1998. Pp. 83.
- Front Cover Dina Temple-Raston. Justice on the Grass: Three Rwandan Journalists, Their Trial for War Crimes and a Nation's Quest for Redemption. Simon and Schuster, 2005. Pp. 170.
- Raymond Verdier, Emmanuel Decaux, Jean-Pierre Chrétien (editors). "Situation judiciare au Rwanda" by Alphonse Marie Nkubito, Rwanda, un génocide du XXe siècle. Editions L'Harmattan, 1995. Pp. 223.
- Simon, Reeva S. (1996). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East. Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-896011-4.
The Syrian Social Nationalist party (SSNP) was the brainchild of Antun Sa'ada, a Greek Orthodox Lebanese who was inspired by Nazi and fascist ideologies.
- Ya’ari, Ehud (June 1987). "Behind the Terror". Atlantic Monthly.
greet their leaders with a Hitlerian salute; sing their Arabic anthem, "Greetings to You, Syria," to the strains of "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles"; and throng to the symbol of the red hurricane, a swastika in circular motion.
- Pipes, Daniel (1992). Greater Syria. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506022-9.
The SSNP flag, which features a curved swastika called the red hurricane (zawba'a), points to the party's fascistic origins.
- Rolland, John C. (2003). Lebanon. Nova Publishers. ISBN 1-59033-871-5.
red hurricane symbol was modeled after the Nazi swastika.
- Johnson, Michael (2001). All Honourable Men. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1-86064-715-4.
Saadeh, the party's 'leader for life', was an admirer of Adolf Hitler and influenced by Nazi and fascist ideology. This went beyond adopting a reversed swastika as the party's symbol and singing the party's anthem to Deutschland über alles, and included developing the cult of a leader, advocating totalitarian government, and glorifying an ancient pre-Christian past and the organic whole of the Syrian Volk or nation.
- Becker, Jillian (1984). The PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-78547-8.
had been founded in 1932 as a youth movement, deliberately modeled on Hitler's Nazi Party. For its symbol it invented a curved swastika, called the Zawbah.
- Yamak, Labib Zuwiyya (1966). The Syrian Social Nationalist Party: An Ideological Analysis. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674862364.
- Jürgen Roth and Kamil Taylan: Die Türkei – Republik unter Wölfen. Bornheim-Merten, p. 119.
- Sullivan, Colleen (2011). "Grey Wolves". In Martin, Gus (ed.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. pp. 236–7.
- Karasapan, Omer (1989). "Turkey and US Strategy in the Age of Glasnost". Middle East Report. 17 (160): 587–606. doi:10.2307/3013440. JSTOR 260523.
The US also established contacts with the neofascist Nationalist Movement Party and its militants, the Grey Wolves.
- Aslan, Fikret; Bozay, Kemal, eds. (2012). Graue Wölfe heulen wieder: Türkische Faschisten und ihre Vernetzung in Deutschland [Grey wolves howl again: Turkish fascists and their networks in Germany] (in German) (3rd. ed.). Unrast Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89771-035-1.
- Canefe, Nergis; Bora, Tanıl (2004). "Intellectual Roots of Anti-European Sentiments in Turkish Politics: The Case of Radical Turkish Nationalism". In Çarkoğlu, Ali; Rubin, Barry (eds.). Turkey and the European Union: Domestic Politics, Economic Integration and International Dynamics. Routledge. p. 125, 129. ISBN 978-1-135-76120-2.
- Cooley, John K. (2002). Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism (3rd ed.). London: Pluto Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-7453-1917-9.
A Turkish Fascist youth group, the "Grey Wolves," was recruited to fight with the Chechens.
- Jacoby, Tim (2012). Fascism, Civility and the Crisis of the Turkish State. Routledge. p. 112.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - Arıkan, E. Burak (1999). The Programme of the Nationalist Action Party: An Iron Hand in a Velvet Glove?. Frank Cass. pp. 122–125.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - Political Terrorism, by Alex Peter Schmid, A. J. Jongman, Michael Stohl, Transaction Publishers, 2005, p. 674
- Annual of Power and Conflict, by Institute for the Study of Conflict, National Strategy Information Center, 1982, p. 148
- The Nature of Fascism, by Roger Griffin, Routledge, 1993, p. 171
- Political Parties and Terrorist Groups, by Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur, Arie Perliger, Routledge, 2003, p. 45
- The Inner Sea: The Mediterranean and Its People, by Robert Fox, 1991, p. 260
- Martin A. Lee "On the Trail of Turkey's Terrorist Grey Wolves" The Consortium, 1997
- "Crime of the Century". The Weekly Standard. 7 April 2005. Archived from the original on April 7, 2005.