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List of fastest computers

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This is a historical list of fastest computers and includes computers and supercomputers which were considered the fastest in the world at the time they were built.

Year Country of site Site Vendor / builder Computer Performance R
1938  Germany Personal research and development
Berlin, Germany 		Konrad Zuse Z1 1.00 IPS
1940 Z2 1.25 IPS
1941 Z3 20.00 IPS
1944  United Kingdom Bletchley Park Tommy Flowers and his team,
Post Office Research Station 		Colossus 5.00 kIPS
1945  United States University of Pennsylvania Moore School of Electrical Engineering ENIAC 5.00 kIPS
1951 Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory Whirlwind I 20.00 kIPS
1958 McGuire Air Force Base IBM AN/FSQ-7 75.00 kIPS
1960  United States Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 7090 229.00 kIPS
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Remington Rand's UNIVAC LARC 250.00 kIPS
1961  United States Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory IBM 7030 Stretch 1.20 MIPS
1962  United Kingdom University of Manchester University of Manchester,
Ferranti International, and Plessey Co. 		Atlas 1.00 MFLOPS
1964  United States Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos CDC 6600 3.00 MFLOPS
1969 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7600 36.00 MFLOPS
1974 STAR-100 100.00 MFLOPS
1976 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Cray Cray-1 160.00 MFLOPS
1980  United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Bracknell CDC Cyber 205 400.00 MFLOPS
1983  United States National Security Agency Cray X-MP/4 713.00 MFLOPS*
1985  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Cray Cray-2 1.41 GFLOPS*
1988 NASA Ames Research Center Y-MP/832 2.14 GFLOPS*
1990  Japan Fuji Heavy Industries Fujitsu VP2600/10 4.00 GFLOPS*
1992  Canada Atmospheric Environment Service NEC SX-3/44 20.00 GFLOPS*
1993  United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Thinking Machines CM-5/1024 59.70 GFLOPS*
 Japan National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel 124.20 GFLOPS*
1994  United States Sandia National Laboratories Intel Paragon XP/S 140 143.40 GFLOPS*
 Japan National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel 170.00 GFLOPS*
1996 University of Tokyo Hitachi SR2201 232.40 GFLOPS*
University of Tsukuba CP-PACS 368.20 GFLOPS*
1997  United States Sandia National Laboratories Intel ASCI Red 1.06 TFLOPS*
2000 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM ASCI White 4.93 TFLOPS*
2001 7.20 TFLOPS*
2002  Japan JAMSTEC Earth Simulator Center NEC Earth Simulator 35.86 TFLOPS*
2004  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM Blue Gene/L 70.72 TFLOPS*
2005 136.80 TFLOPS*
280.60 TFLOPS*
2007 478.20 TFLOPS*
2008  United States Los Alamos National Laboratory IBM Roadrunner 1.02 PFLOPS*
1.10 PFLOPS*
2009 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Jaguar 1.75 PFLOPS*
2010  China National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin National University of Defense Technology Tianhe-1A 2.57 PFLOPS*
2011  Japan RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science Fujitsu K computer 10.51 PFLOPS*
2012  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM Sequoia (Blue Gene/Q) 16.32 PFLOPS*
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Titan 17.59 PFLOPS*
2013  China National Supercomputing Center of Guangzhou National University of Defense Technology Tianhe-2 33.86 PFLOPS*
2016 National Supercomputing Center of Wuxi NRCPC Sunway TaihuLight 93.01 PFLOPS*
2018  United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory IBM Summit 122.30 PFLOPS*
2019 148.60 PFLOPS*
2020  Japan RIKEN Center for Computational Science Fujitsu Fugaku 415.53 PFLOPS*
442.01 PFLOPS*
2022  United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory HPE Cray Frontier 1.102 EFLOPS*
2023 1.194 EFLOPS*
2024 1.206 EFLOPS*
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory El Capitan 1.742 EFLOPS*

a. An asterisk (*) denotes Rmax – the highest score measured using the LINPACK benchmarks suite.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2016)

See also

References

  1. "History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Relays computer, Konrad Zuse". history-computer.com. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  2. "Z2". horst-zuse.hier-im-netz.de. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  3. Reinhardt, Helmut (1996). Automatisierungstechnik : theoretische und gerätetechnische Grundlagen, SPS (in German). Berlin: Springer. p. 241. ISBN 3-540-60626-2. OCLC 68764206.
  4. "The Colossus Machine". cs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  5. Koerner, Brendan I. (2014-11-25). "How the World's First Computer Was Rescued From the Scrap Heap". Wired. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  6. Everett, R. R. (1951). "The Whirlwind I computer". Papers and Discussions Presented at the December 10–12, 1951, Joint AIEE-IRE Computer Conference: Review of Electronic Digital Computers. ACM: 70–74. doi:10.1145/1434770.1434781. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  7. "IBM AN/FSQ-7". old-computers.com. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  8. "IBM Archives: 7090 Data Processing System". IBM. 2003-01-23. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  9. "LARC Links". people.cs.clemson.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  10. Padua, David (2011). Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing. New York: Springer. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-387-09766-4. OCLC 772461594.
  11. Lavington, Simon Hugh (1975). A History of Manchester Computers (2nd ed.). Swindon: British Computer Society. ISBN 978-1-902505-01-5. OCLC 156380308.
  12. Anthony, Sebastian (2012-04-10). "The history of supercomputers". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  13. Bell, Gordon (1998-01-25). "CDC 7600". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  14. LARGE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NEW ARCHITECTURES, T. Bloch, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, November 1978
  15. "Company History". Cray. Archived from the original on 2014-07-12. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  16. "PDS: The Performance Database Server (Linpack)". performance.netlib.org. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  17. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  18. "CRAY-2/4-512". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  19. "VP2600/10". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  20. "AES Installs Worlds Fastest Supercomputer". Very Computer. 1991-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  21. "CM-5: Los Alamos National Lab". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  22. ^ "Numerical Wind Tunnel: National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  23. "Intel XP/S 140 Paragon: Sandia National Labs". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  24. "Hitachi SR2201: University of Tokyo". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  25. "CP-PACS: University of Tsukuba". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  26. "ASCI Red: Sandia National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  27. "ASCI White: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  28. "The Earth Simulator: Earth Simulator Center". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  29. "BlueGene/L: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  30. "Roadrunner: Los Alamos National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  31. "Jaguar: Oak ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  32. "Tianhe-1A: National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  33. "K Computer: RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  34. "Sequoia: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  35. "Titan: Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  36. "Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2) : National University of Defense Technology". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  37. "Sunway TaihuLight: National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  38. "Summit: DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  39. "Summit - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  40. "Supercomputer Fugaku - Supercomputer Fugaku, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  41. "Frontier - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  42. "El Capitan - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
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