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Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. This is a list of such cities, sorted by country and then by date. Where a city name has changed, the name of the city when it was a capital is listed first, followed by its modern name in brackets.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (December 2010)

Africa

Northern Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Central Africa

Eastern Africa

Southern Africa

Western Africa

Asia

Central Asia

Eastern Asia

Northern Asia

Southeast Asia

Southern Asia

Western Asia

Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Northern Europe

Southern Europe

South-central Europe

South-eastern Europe

South-western Europe

Western Europe

North America

Oceania

Notes

1. Melbourne is sometimes said to have been the inaugural capital of Australia, from 1901 until 1927, when Parliament House, Canberra was opened. This is not so. Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia states that the seat of government is to be within the state of New South Wales but not less than 100 miles (160 kilometres) from Sydney, and that until that place (Canberra) was built, the Parliament of Australia would meet at Melbourne. That made Melbourne the de facto (but not de jure) seat of government 1901–1927, but it did not amount to Melbourne being declared the capital, and it was never so described in contemporary documents.

South America

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (December 2010)

See also

• List of former sovereign states
• List of sovereign states by date of formation
• Historical capitals of China
  • Former capitals of Chinese provinces
• List of historical capitals of Egypt
• Institutional seats of the European Union
• List of capitals of France
• Capital of Germany
• List of capitals of India
• List of capitals of Myanmar
• List of historical capitals of Norway
• List of capitals in the United States
  • List of state and territorial capitols in the United States

References

1. Nick Eberstadt (1999). The End of North Korea. Washington: American Enterprise Institute. pp. 26, 32. ISBN 978-0-8447-4087-4.
2. Pakistan Affairs. Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan. 1968. p. 19.
3. "Genesis of Bangladesh's Constitution". The Daily Star. 17 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
4. "Լեռնահայաստանի 85-ամյակը նշեցին միայն Սյունիքի մարզկերտում" (in Armenian). Armtown.com. 27 April 2006. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
5. "Toruń stolicą Polski? Przez trzy tygodnie". Interia Nowa Historia (in Polish). Retrieved 25 October 2024.
6. "Границы разделения-3" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 25 October 2024.
7. Vorort in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
8. "Canberra, the Seat of Government". nca.gov.au. National Capital Authority. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
9. Article Chapter VII, Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia (19 July 1900; 1 January 1901)
10. "Capital city".
11. "Capital city".

• Lists of historical capitals
• Former national capitals
• Capitals of former nations