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List of hyperaccumulators

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This article covers known hyperaccumulators, accumulators or species tolerant to the following: Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Naphthalene, Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn).

See also:

Hyperaccumulators table – 1

hyperaccumulators and contaminants : Al, Ag, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, naphthalene, Pb, Se, Zn – accumulation rates
Contaminant Accumulation rates (in mg/kg dry weight) Binomial name English name H-Hyperaccumulator or A-Accumulator P-Precipitator T-Tolerant Notes Sources
Al A- Agrostis castellana highland bentgrass As(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin: Portugal.
Al 1000 Hordeum vulgare Barley 25 records of plants.
Al Hydrangea spp. Hydrangea (a.k.a. Hortensia)
Al Aluminium concentrations in young leaves, mature leaves, old leaves, and roots were found to be 8.0, 9.2, 14.4, and 10.1 mg g1, respectively. Melastoma malabathricum L. Blue Tongue, or Native Lassiandra P competes with Al and reduces uptake.
Al Solidago hispida (Solidago canadensis L.) Hairy Goldenrod Origin Canada.
Al 100 Vicia faba Horse Bean
Ag 10-1200 Salix miyabeana Willow Ag(T) Seemed able to adapt to high AgNO3 concentrations on a long timeline
Ag Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Cr, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction
Ag Salix spp. Osier spp. Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)
Ag Amanita strobiliformis European Pine Cone Lepidella Ag(H) Macrofungi, Basidiomycete. Known from Europe, prefers calcareous areas
Ag 10-1200 Brassica juncea Indian Mustard Ag(H) Can form alloys of silver-gold-copper
As 100 Agrostis capillaris L. Common Bent Grass, Browntop. (= A. tenuris) Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)
As H- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal.
As 1000 Agrostis tenerrima Trin. Colonial bentgrass 4 records of plants
As 2-1300 Cyanoboletus pulverulentus Ink Stain Bolete contains dimethylarsinic acid Europe
As 27,000 (fronds) Pteris vittata L. Ladder brake fern or Chinese brake fern 26% of As in the soil removed after 20 weeks' plantation, about 90% As accumulated in fronds. Root extracts reduce arsenate to arsenite.
As 100-7000 Sarcosphaera coronaria pink crown, violet crown-cup, or violet star cup As(H) Ectomycorrhizal ascomycete, known from Europe
Be No reports found for accumulation
Cr Azolla spp. mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern
Cr H- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.
Cr Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) Cultivated in agriculture.
Cr Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction
Cr A- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Pb(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.
Cr 1000 Dicoma niccolifera 35 records of plants
Cr roots naturally absorb pollutants, some organic compounds believed to be carcinogenic, in concentrations 10,000 times that in the surrounding water. Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, and pesticides. Pantropical/Subtropical. Plants sprayed with 2,4-D may accumulate lethal doses of nitrates. 'The troublesome weed' – hence an excellent source of bioenergy.
Cr Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration
Cr A- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Hg(H), Pb(H)
Cr Medicago sativa Alfalfa
Cr Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H), Cu(T)
Cr Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)
Cr Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)
Cr Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Native to North America.
Cr 100 Jamesbrittenia fodina Hilliard
Sutera fodina Wild
Cr A- Thlaspi caerulescens Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass Cd(H), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. T. caerulescens may acidify its rhizosphere, which would affect metal uptake by increasing available metals
Cu 9000 Aeollanthus biformifolius
Cu Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Pb(H), Zn(H) Origin Japan.
Cu A- Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Ni(A), Pb(A), Mn(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant.
Cu H- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.
Cu Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) cultivated
Cu H- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.
Cu Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A), Also Cs, Sr, U, and pesticides. Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.
Cu 1000 Haumaniastrum robertii
(Lamiaceae)		 Copper flower 27 records of plants. Origin Africa. This species' phanerogam has the highest cobalt content. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper.
Cu Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction with rhizofiltration
Cu 1000 Larrea tridentata Creosote Bush 67 records of plants. Origin U.S.
Cu H- Lemna minor Duckweed Pb(H), Cd(H), Zn(A) Native to North America and widespread worldwide.
Cu Ocimum centraliafricanum Copper plant Cu(T), Ni(T) Origin Southern Africa
Cu T- Pistia stratiotes Water Lettuce Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H) Pantropical. Origin South U.S.A. Aquatic herb.
Cu Thlaspi caerulescens Alpine pennycress, Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. Cu noticeably limits its growth.
Mn A- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal.
Mn Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Cu(A), Ni(A), Pb(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant.
Mn Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard
Mn 23,000 (maximum) 11,000 (average) leaf Chengiopanax sciadophylloides (Franch. & Sav.) C.B.Shang & J.Y.Huang koshiabura Origin Japan. Forest tree.
Mn Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration
Mn 1000 Macadamia neurophylla
(now Virotia neurophylla (Guillaumin) P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast)		 28 records of plants
Mn 200
Hg A- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.
Hg Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction
Hg Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Pb(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, and pesticides. Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.
Hg H- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H)
Hg 1000 Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Cd(T), Cr(H), Cu(T) 35 records of plants
Hg Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Cr, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)
Mo 1500 Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) phytoextraction
Naphthalene Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Increases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.
Naphthalene Trifolium hirtum Pink clover, rose clover Decreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.
Pb A- Agrostis castellana 'Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal.
Pb Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed
Pb Armeria maritima Seapink Thrift
Pb Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Cu(H), Zn(H) Origin Japan.
Pb A- Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Cu(A), Ni(A), Mn(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant.
Pb A- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.
Pb H- Brassica juncea Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) 79 recorded plants. Phytoextraction
Pb Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, Zn Phytoextraction
Pb Brassica oleracea Ornamental Kale and Cabbage, Broccoli
Pb H- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.
Pb Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, and pesticides. Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.
Pb Festuca ovina Blue Sheep Fescue
Pb Ipomoea trifida Morning glory Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration
Pb H- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H)
Pb H- Lemna minor Duckweed Cd(H), Cu(H), Zn(H) Native to North America and widespread worldwide.
Pb Salix viminalis Common Osier Cd, U, Zn, Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products (S. spp.); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)
Pb H- Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Origin India.
Pb Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Zn(A) Native to North America.
Pb Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress, Alpine pennygrass Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo(H), Ni(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction.
Pb Thlaspi rotundifolium Round-leaved Pennycress
Pb Triticum aestivum Common Wheat
Se .012-20 Amanita muscaria Fly agaric Cap contains higher concentrations than stalks
Se Brassica juncea Indian mustard Rhizosphere bacteria enhance accumulation.
Se Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn Phytoextraction.
Se Low rates of selenium volatilization from selenate-supplied Muskgrass (10-fold less than from selenite) may be due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of selenium in Muskgrass. Chara canescens Desv. & Lois Muskgrass Muskgrass treated with selenite contains 91% of the total Se in organic forms (selenoethers and diselenides), compared with 47% in Muskgrass treated with selenate. 1.9% of the total Se input is accumulated in its tissues; 0.5% is removed via biological volatilization.
Se Bassia scoparia
(a.k.a. Kochia scoparia)		 burningbush, ragweed, summer cypress, fireball, belvedere and Mexican firebrush, Mexican fireweed U, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ag, Zn Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). Phytoextraction.
Se Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Cr, Hg, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalis); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).
Zn A- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Pb(A) Origin Portugal.
Zn Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Cu(H), Pb(H) Origin Japan.
Zn Brassicaceae Mustards, mustard flowers, crucifers or cabbage family Cd(H), Cs(H), Ni(H), Sr(H) Phytoextraction
Zn Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A). Larvae of Pieris brassicae do not even sample its high-Zn leaves. (Pollard and Baker, 1997)
Zn Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se Phytoextraction
Zn Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration
Zn Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H). Also Cs, Sr, U, and pesticides. Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.
Zn Salix viminalis Common Osier Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbons, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; Cd, Pb, U (S. viminalis); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).
Zn A- Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Origin India.
Zn 1400 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae) Bladder campion Ernst et al. (1990)
Zn Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H) Native to North America.
Zn H-10,000 Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H) 48 records of plants. May acidify its own rhizosphere, which would facilitate absorption by solubilization of the metal
Zn Trifolium pratense Red Clover Nonmetal accumulator. Its rhizosphere is denser in bacteria than that of Thlaspi caerulescens, but T. caerulescens has relatively more metal-resistant bacteria.

Cs-137 activity was much smaller in leaves of larch and sycamore maple than of spruce: spruce > larch > sycamore maple.

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  45. X-ray absorption spectroscopy speciation analysis.
  46. Average Se concentration of 22 μg/L supplied over a 24-d experimental period.
  47. Z.-Q. Lin; M.P. de Souza; I. J. Pickering; N. Terry (2002). "Evaluation of the Macroalga, Muskgrass, for the Phytoremediation of Selenium-Contaminated Agricultural Drainage Water by Microcosms". Journal of Environmental Quality. 31 (6): 2104–10. Bibcode:2002JEnvQ..31.2104L. doi:10.2134/jeq2002.2104. PMID 12469862.
Phytoremediation
Terms
Hyperaccumulators
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