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The Federal Constitutional Court (German: Bundesverfassungsgericht, usually abbreviated BVerfG) is the federal constitutional court of Germany. It is the highest independent constitutional organ of the German judiciary, ranking equally with the other supreme federal courts, and is – at the same time – the highest federal court in Germany.

Today, 16 justices serve on the two senates of the court. This article lists the current justices and the former presidents, vice-presidents and all former justices.

Current justices of the Federal Constitutional Court

The Court is divided into two senates, each with different subject-matter jurisdiction. The court's two senates were originally staffed with twelve justices each. With effect from 1963, the number of justices per senate was reduced to eight. The eight justices per senate include the president and the vice-president of the Federal Constitutional Court, who each preside over one of the court's two senates.

First senate

Eight justices currently serve on the first senate of the Federal Constitutional Court. Listed in order of seniority, they are:

Justice			Position (seat)	Tenure (as justice)	Tenure length (as justice)	Electoral body	Proposal	Ref.
1		Stephan Harbarth (born 1971)	President Presiding Justice of the First Senate (1 BT 4.7)	30 November 2018 – Incumbent	6 years, 19 days	Bundestag	CDU/CSU
2		Yvonne Ott [de] (born 1963)	Justice (1 BR 2.8)	8 November 2016 – Incumbent	8 years, 41 days	Bundesrat	SPD
3		Josef Christ [de] (born 1956)	Justice (1 BT 1.8)	1 December 2017 – Incumbent	7 years, 18 days	Bundestag	CDU/CSU
4		Henning Radtke [de] (born 1962)	Justice (1 BR 1.6)	16 July 2018 – Incumbent	6 years, 156 days	Bundesrat	CDU/CSU
5		Ines Härtel [de] (born 1972)	Justice (1 BR 4.6)	10 July 2020 – Incumbent	4 years, 162 days	Bundesrat	SPD
6		Heinrich Amadeus Wolff [de] (born 1965)	Justice (1 BT 2.8)	3 June 2022 – Incumbent	2 years, 199 days	Bundestag	FDP
7		Martin Eifert [de] (born 1965)	Justice (1 BT 3.7)	20 February 2023 – Incumbent	1 year, 303 days	Bundestag	Alliance 90/The Greens
8		Miriam Meßling [de] (born 1973)	Justice (1 BR 3.7)	17 April 2023 – Incumbent	1 year, 246 days	Bundesrat	SPD

Second senate

Eight justices currently serve on the second senate of the Federal Constitutional Court. Listed in order of seniority, they are:

Justice			Position (seat)	Tenure (as justice)	Tenure length (as justice)	Electoral body	Proposal	Ref.
1		Doris König (born 1957)	Vice-President Presiding Justice of the Second Senate (2 BT 4.6)	2 June 2014 – Incumbent	10 years, 200 days	Bundestag	SPD
2		Ulrich Maidowski [de] (born 1958)	Justice (2 BT 1.6)	15 July 2014 – Incumbent	10 years, 157 days	Bundestag	SPD
3		Christine Langenfeld (born 1958)	Justice (2 BR 3.7)	20 July 2016 – Incumbent	8 years, 152 days	Bundesrat	CDU/CSU
4		Astrid Wallrabenstein [de] (born 1969)	Justice (2 BR 4.8)	22 June 2020 – Incumbent	4 years, 180 days	Bundesrat	Alliance 90/The Greens
5		Rhona Fetzer [de] (born 1963)	Justice (2 BT 2.6)	11 January 2023 – Incumbent	1 year, 343 days	Bundestag	SPD
6		Thomas Offenloch [de] (born 1972)	Justice (2 BT 3.7)	11 January 2023 – Incumbent	1 year, 343 days	Bundestag	FDP
7		Peter Frank (born 1968)	Justice (2 BR 1.8)	21 December 2023 – Incumbent	364 days	Bundesrat	CDU/CSU
8		Holger Wöckel [de] (born 1976)	Justice (2 BR 2.6)	21 December 2023 – Incumbent	364 days	Bundesrat	CDU/CSU

Presidents of the Federal Constitutional Court

The president and the vice-president of the Federal Constitutional Court are elected alternately by the Bundestag and the Bundesrat in accordance with Section 9 of the Bundesverfassungsgerichtsgesetz [de], and are appointed by the President of Germany in accordance with Section 10 of the Bundesverfassungsgerichtsgesetz [de].

To date, 10 persons have served as presidents of the Federal Constitutional Court. In chronological order, they are:

President			Senate	Tenure (as justice)	Tenure (as president)	Tenure length (as president)	Proposal	Ref.
1		Hermann Höpker-Aschoff (1883–1954)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 15 January 1954 (Died)	7 September 1951 – 15 January 1954 (Died)	2 years, 130 days	FDP
2		Josef Wintrich (1891–1958)	First Senate	23 March 1954 – 19 October 1958 (Died)	23 March 1954 – 19 October 1958 (Died)	4 years, 210 days	CDU/CSU
3		Gebhard Müller (1900–1990)	First Senate	8 January 1959 – 8 December 1971	8 January 1959 – 8 December 1971	12 years, 334 days	CDU/CSU
4		Ernst Benda (1925–2009)	First Senate	8 December 1971 – 20 December 1983	8 December 1971 – 20 December 1983	12 years, 12 days	CDU/CSU
5		Wolfgang Zeidler (1924–1987)	First Senate (1967–1970) Second Senate (1975–1987)	11 August 1967 – 31 May 1970 (First Term) 7 November 1975 – 16 November 1987 (Second Term)	20 December 1983 – 16 November 1987	3 years, 331 days	SPD
6		Roman Herzog (1934–2017)	First Senate	20 December 1983 – 30 June 1994	16 November 1987 – 30 June 1994	6 years, 226 days	CDU/CSU
7		Jutta Limbach (1934–2016)	Second Senate	24 March 1994 – 10 April 2002	14 September 1994 – 10 April 2002	7 years, 208 days	SPD
8		Hans-Jürgen Papier (born 1943)	First Senate	27 February 1998 – 16 March 2010	10 April 2002 – 16 March 2010	7 years, 330 days	CDU/CSU
9		Andreas Voßkuhle (born 1963)	Second Senate	7 May 2008 – 22 June 2020	16 March 2010 – 22 June 2020	10 years, 98 days	SPD
10		Stephan Harbarth (born 1971)	First Senate	30 November 2018 – Incumbent	22 June 2020 – Incumbent	4 years, 180 days	CDU/CSU

Vice-presidents of the Federal Constitutional Court

To date, 15 persons have served as vice-presidents of the Federal Constitutional Court. Listed in chronological order, they are:

Vice-President			Senate	Tenure as justice	Tenure as vice-president	Tenure length (as vice-president)	Proposal	Ref.
1		Rudolf Katz (1895–1961)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 23 July 1961 (Died)	7 September 1951 – 23 July 1961 (Died)	9 years, 319 days	SPD
2		Friedrich Wilhelm Wagner [de] (1894–1971)	Second Senate	19 December 1961 – 18 October 1967	19 December 1961 – 18 October 1967	5 years, 303 days	SPD
3		Walter Seuffert [de] (1907–1989)	Second Senate	18 October 1967 – 7 November 1975	18 October 1967 – 7 November 1975	8 years, 20 days	SPD
4		Wolfgang Zeidler (1924–1987)	First Senate (1967–1970) Second Senate (1975–1987)	11 August 1967 – 31 May 1970 (First Term) 7 November 1975 – 16 November 1987 (Second Term)	7 November 1975 – 20 December 1983	8 years, 43 days	SPD
5		Roman Herzog (1934–2017)	First Senate	20 December 1983 – 30 June 1994	20 December 1983 – 16 November 1987	3 years, 331 days	CDU/CSU
6		Ernst Gottfried Mahrenholz [de] (1929–2021)	Second Senate	6 July 1981 – 24 March 1994	16 November 1987 – 24 March 1994	6 years, 128 days	SPD
7		Jutta Limbach (1934–2016)	Second Senate	24 March 1994 – 10 April 2002	24 March 1994 – 14 September 1994	174 days	SPD
8		Johann Friedrich Henschel [de] (1931–2007)	First Senate	19 July 1983 – 13 October 1995	29 September 1994 – 13 October 1995	1 year, 14 days	FDP
9		Otto Seidl (1931–2022)	First Senate	10 June 1986 – 27 February 1998	13 October 1995 – 27 February 1998	2 years, 137 days	CDU/CSU
10		Hans-Jürgen Papier (born 1943)	First Senate	27 February 1998 – 16 March 2010	27 February 1998 – 10 April 2002	4 years, 42 days	CDU/CSU
11		Winfried Hassemer (1940–2014)	Second Senate	3 May 1996 – 7 May 2008	10 April 2002 – 7 May 2008	6 years, 47 days	SPD
12		Andreas Voßkuhle (born 1963)	Second Senate	7 May 2008 – 22 June 2020	7 May 2008 – 16 March 2010	1 year, 313 days	SPD
13		Ferdinand Kirchhof (born 1950)	First Senate	1 October 2007 – 30 November 2018	16 March 2010 – 30 November 2018	8 years, 259 days	CDU/CSU
14		Stephan Harbarth (born 1971)	First Senate	30 November 2018 – Incumbent	30 November 2018 – 22 June 2020	1 year, 205 days	CDU/CSU
15		Doris König (born 1957)	Second Senate	2 June 2014 – Incumbent	22 June 2020 – Incumbent	4 years, 180 days	SPD

Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court

Since the establishment of the Federal Constitutional Court in 1951, 118 justices (including presidents and vice-presidents) have served on the court. The shortest tenure on the court lasted only 133 days (Claus Leusser [de]), while the longest serving member of the court served for 26 years and 56 days (Willi Geiger).

The court's justices are elected by the Bundestag and the Bundesrat, and are appointed by the President of Germany. According to Article 94 of the German Basic Law, both legislative bodies elect half of the members of the two senates. The election procedure is contained in Sections 5 and 6 of the Bundesverfassungsgerichtsgesetz [de].

The 118 justices are listed below in chronological order. If the date of their assumption of office – their appointment – is identical, the lower seat number is decisive for the purposes of this list.

Justice			Position (seat)	Senate	Tenure (as justice)	Tenure length (as justice)	Proposal	Ref.
1		Hermann Höpker-Aschoff (1883–1954)	President (1 BT 1.1)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 15 January 1954 (Died)	2 years, 130 days	FDP
2		Gerhard Heiland [de] (1894–1961)	Justice (1 BT 3.1)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 22 August 1961	9 years, 349 days	SPD
3		Herbert Scholtissek [de] (1900–1979)	Justice (1 BT 4.1)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 31 August 1967	15 years, 358 days	CDU/CSU
4		Konrad Zweigert [de] (1900–1996)	Justice (1 BT 5.1)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 11 October 1956	5 years, 34 days	SPD
5		Joachim Lehmann [de] (1909–1979)	Justice (1 BT 6.1)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 31 August 1963	11 years, 358 days	SPD
6		Erwin Stein [de] (1903–1992)	Justice (1 BR 1.1)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 8 December 1971	20 years, 92 days	SPD
7		Franz Wessel (1903–1958)	Justice (1 BR 2.1)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 11 September 1958 (Died)	7 years, 4 days	SPD
8		Erna Scheffler (1893–1983)	Justice (1 BR 3.1)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 31 August 1963	11 years, 358 days	SPD
9		Theodor Ritterspach [de] (1904–1999)	Justice (1 BR 4.1)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 7 November 1975	24 years, 61 days	CDU/CSU
10		Martin Drath [de] (1902–1976)	Justice (1 BR 6.1)	First Senate	7 September 1951 – 31 August 1963	11 years, 358 days	SPD
11		Hans Georg Rupp (1907–1989)	Justice (2 BT 1.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 7 November 1975	24 years, 61 days	SPD
12		Anton Henneka [de] (1900–1984)	Justice (2 BT 2.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 20 December 1968	17 years, 104 days	CDU/CSU
13		Julius Federer [de] (1911–1984)	Justice (2 BT 3.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 31 August 1967	15 years, 358 days	CDU/CSU
14		Gerhard Leibholz [de] (1901–1982)	Justice (2 BT 4.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 8 December 1971	20 years, 92 days	CDU/CSU
15		Conrad Frederick Roediger [de] (1887–1973)	Justice (2 BT 5.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 31 August 1956	4 years, 359 days	DP
16		Walter Klaas [de] (1895–1978)	Justice (2 BT 6.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 31 August 1963	11 years, 358 days	SPD
17		Rudolf Katz (1895–1961)	Vice-President (2 BR 1.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 23 July 1961 (Died)	9 years, 319 days	SPD
18		Willi Geiger (1909–1994)	Justice (2 BR 2.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 2 November 1977	26 years, 56 days	CDU/CSU
19		Georg Fröhlich [de] (1884–1971)	Justice (2 BR 3.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 31 August 1956	4 years, 359 days	CDU/CSU
20		Claus Leusser [de] (1909–1966)	Justice (2 BR 4.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 18 January 1952	133 days	CDU/CSU
21		Bernhard Wolff [de] (1886–1966)	Justice (2 BR 5.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 31 August 1956	4 years, 359 days	SPD
22		Ernst Friesenhahn [de] (1901–1984)	Justice (2 BR 6.1)	Second Senate	7 September 1951 – 31 August 1963	11 years, 358 days	CDU/CSU
23		Kurt Zweigert [de] (1886–1967)	Justice (1 BT 2.1)	First Senate	13 September 1951 – 14 February 1952	154 days	CDU/CSU
24		Wilhelm Ellinghaus [de] (1888–1961)	Justice (1 BR 5.1)	First Senate	13 September 1951 – 12 October 1955	4 years, 29 days	SPD
25		Egon Schunck [de] (1890–1981)	Justice (2 BR 4.2)	Second Senate	13 September 1952 – 31 August 1963	10 years, 352 days	CDU/CSU
26		Josef Wintrich (1891–1958)	President (1 BT 1.2)	First Senate	23 March 1954 – 19 October 1958 (Died)	4 years, 210 days	CDU/CSU
27		Karl Heck [de] (1896–1997)	Justice (1 BT 2.2)	First Senate	2 April 1954 – 9 February 1965	10 years, 313 days	CDU/CSU
28		Hans Kutscher (1911–1993)	Justice (1 BR 5.2) Justice (2 BR 3.2)	First Senate (1955–1956) Second Senate (1956–1970)	12 October 1955 – 31 August 1956 1 September 1956 – 25 October 1970 (on leave from 26 October 1970 until 31 August 1971)	15 years, 3 days	SPD
29		Gebhard Müller (1900–1990)	President (1 BT 1.3)	First Senate	8 January 1959 – 8 December 1971	12 years, 334 days	CDU/CSU
30		Hugo Berger [de] (1900–1990)	Justice (1 BR 2.2)	First Senate	8 January 1959 – 11 August 1967	8 years, 215 days	SPD
31		Friedrich Wilhelm Wagner [de] (1894–1971)	Vice-President (2 BR 1.2)	Second Senate	19 December 1961 – 18 October 1967	5 years, 303 days	SPD
32		Karl Haager [de] (1911–2008)	Justice (1 BT 3.2)	First Senate	9 May 1962 – 7 May 1979	16 years, 363 days	SPD
33		Wiltraut Rupp-von Brünneck [de] (1912–1977)	Justice (1 BR 3.2)	First Senate	1 September 1963 – 18 August 1977 (Died)	13 years, 351 days	SPD
34		Gregor Geller [de] (1903–1988)	Justice (2 BR 4.3)	Second Senate	1 September 1963 – 8 December 1971	8 years, 98 days	CDU/CSU
35		Werner Böhmer [de] (1915–2014)	Justice (1 BT 2.3)	First Senate	10 February 1965 – 5 July 1983	18 years, 145 days	CDU/CSU
36		Wolfgang Zeidler (1924–1987)	President (2 BT 1.2) (1983–1987) Vice-President (2 BT 1.2) (1975–1983) Justice (1 BR 2.3) (1967–1970)	First Senate (1967–1970) Second Senate (1975–1987)	11 August 1967 – 31 May 1970 (First Term) 7 November 1975 – 16 November 1987 (Second Term)	2 years, 293 days (First Term) 12 years, 9 days (Second Term)	SPD
37		Hans Brox [de] (1920–2009)	Justice (1 BT 4.2)	First Senate	1 September 1967 – 7 November 1975	8 years, 67 days	CDU/CSU
38		Fabian von Schlabrendorff (1907–1980)	Justice (2 BT 3.2)	Second Senate	1 September 1967 – 7 November 1975	8 years, 67 days	CDU/CSU
39		Walter Seuffert [de] (1907–1989)	Vice-President (2 BR 1.3)	Second Senate	18 October 1967 – 7 November 1975	8 years, 20 days	SPD
40		Hans-Justus Rinck [de] (1918–1995)	Justice (2 BT 2.2)	Second Senate	20 December 1968 – 8 October 1986	17 years, 292 days	CDU/CSU
41		Helmut Simon [de] (1922–2013)	Justice (1 BR 2.4)	First Senate	15 June 1970 – 16 November 1987	16 years, 115 days	SPD
42		Walter Rudi Wand (1928–1985)	Justice (2 BR 3.3)	Second Senate	26 October 1970 – 20 December 1983	13 years, 55 days	CDU/CSU
43		Ernst Benda (1925–2009)	President (1 BT 1.4)	First Senate	8 December 1971 – 20 December 1983	12 years, 12 days	CDU/CSU
44		Hans Joachim Faller [de] (1915–2006)	Justice (1 BR 1.2)	First Senate	8 December 1971 – 19 July 1983	11 years, 223 days	CDU/CSU
45		Martin Hirsch [de] (1913–1992)	Justice (2 BT 4.2)	Second Senate	8 December 1971 – 6 July 1981	9 years, 210 days	SPD
46		Joachim Rottmann [de] (1925–2014)	Justice (2 BR 4.4)	Second Senate	8 December 1971 – 20 December 1983	12 years, 12 days	FDP
47		Dietrich Katzenstein [de] (1923–2008)	Justice (1 BT 4.3)	First Senate	7 November 1975 – 16 November 1987	12 years, 9 days	CDU/CSU
48		Konrad Hesse (1919–2005)	Justice (1 BR 4.2)	First Senate	7 November 1975 – 16 July 1987	11 years, 251 days	FDP and SPD
49		Engelbert Niebler [de] (1921–2006)	Justice (2 BT 3.3)	Second Senate	7 November 1975 – 16 November 1987	12 years, 9 days	CDU/CSU
50		Helmut Steinberger [de] (1931–2014)	Justice (2 BR 1.4)	Second Senate	7 November 1975 – 16 November 1987	12 years, 9 days	CDU/CSU
51		Gisela Niemeyer (1923–2012)	Justice (1 BR 3.3)	First Senate	2 November 1977 – 28 November 1989	12 years, 26 days	SPD
52		Ernst Träger (1926–2015)	Justice (2 BR 2.2)	Second Senate	2 November 1977 – 28 November 1989	12 years, 26 days	CDU/CSU
53		Hermann Heußner [de] (1926–1996)	Justice (1 BT 3.3)	First Senate	7 May 1979 – 15 June 1989	10 years, 39 days	SPD
54		Ernst Gottfried Mahrenholz [de] (1929–2021)	Vice-President (2 BT 4.3) (1987–1994) Justice (2 BT 4.3) (1981–1987)	Second Senate	6 July 1981 – 24 March 1994	12 years, 261 days	SPD
55		Franz Niedermaier [de] (1925–1986)	Justice (1 BT 2.4)	First Senate	5 July 1983 – 5 April 1986 (Died)	2 years, 274 days	CDU/CSU
56		Johann Friedrich Henschel [de] (1931–2007)	Vice-President (1 BR 1.3) (1994–1995) Justice (1 BR 1.3) (1983–1994)	First Senate	19 July 1983 – 13 October 1995	12 years, 86 days	FDP
57		Roman Herzog (1934–2017)	President (BT 1.5) (1987–1994) Vice-President (1 BT 1.5) (1983–1987)	First Senate	20 December 1983 – 30 June 1994	10 years, 192 days	CDU/CSU
58		Hans Hugo Klein (born 1936)	Justice (1 BT 2.4)	Second Senate	20 December 1983 – 3 May 1996	12 years, 135 days	CDU/CSU
59		Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde (1930–2019)	Justice (2 BR 4.5)	Second Senate	20 December 1983 – 3 May 1996	12 years, 135 days	SPD
60		Otto Seidl (1931–2022)	Vice-President (1 BT 2.5) (1995–1998) Justice (1 BT 2.5) (1986–1995)	First Senate	10 June 1986 – 27 February 1998	11 years, 262 days	CDU/CSU
61		Karin Graßhof (born 1937)	Justice (2 BT 2.3)	Second Senate	6 October 1986 – 15 October 1998	11 years, 364 days	SPD
62		Dieter Grimm [de] (born 1937)	Justice (1 BR 4.3)	First Senate	16 July 1987 – 16 December 1999	12 years, 153 days	SPD
63		Alfred Söllner [de] (1930–2005)	Justice (1 BT 4.4)	First Senate	16 November 1987 – 13 October 1995	7 years, 331 days	CDU/CSU
64		Thomas Dieterich [de] (1934–2016)	Justice (1 BR 2.5)	First Senate	16 November 1987 – 4 February 1994	6 years, 80 days	SPD
65		Everhardt Franßen (born 1937)	Justice (2 BT 1.3)	Second Senate	16 November 1987 – 30 June 1991	3 years, 226 days	SPD
66		Konrad Kruis (1930–2022)	Justice (2 BT 3.4)	Second Senate	16 November 1987 – 28 September 1998	10 years, 316 days	CDU/CSU
67		Paul Kirchhof (born 1943)	Justice (2 BR 1.5)	Second Senate	16 November 1987 – 16 December 1999	12 years, 30 days	CDU/CSU
68		Jürgen Kühling (1934–2019)	Justice (2 BR 1.5)	First Senate	12 July 1989 – 23 January 2001	11 years, 195 days	SPD
69		Helga Seibert (1939–1999)	Justice (1 BR 3.4)	First Senate	28 November 1989 – 28 September 1998	8 years, 304 days	SPD
70		Klaus Winter (1936–2000)	Justice (2 BR 2.3)	Second Senate	28 November 1989 – 10 October 2000 (Died)	10 years, 317 days	CDU/CSU
71		Bertold Sommer [de] (born 1937)	Justice (2 BT 1.4)	Second Senate	12 July 1991 – 31 July 2003	12 years, 19 days	SPD
72		Renate Jaeger (born 1940)	Justice (1 BR 2.6)	First Senate	24 March 1994 – 31 October 2004	10 years, 221 days	SPD
73		Jutta Limbach (1934–2016)	President (2 BT 4.4) (1994–2002) Vice-President (2 BT 4.4) (1994)	Second Senate	24 March 1994 – 10 April 2002	8 years, 17 days	SPD
74		Evelyn Haas (born 1949)	Justice (1 BT 1.6)	First Senate	14 September 1994 – 2 October 2006	12 years, 18 days	CDU/CSU
75		Udo Steiner (born 1939)	Justice (1 BT 4.5)	First Senate	13 October 1995 – 1 October 2007	11 years, 353 days	CDU/CSU
76		Dieter Hömig [de] (1938–2016)	Justice (1 BR 1.4)	First Senate	13 October 1995 – 25 April 2006	10 years, 194 days	FDP
77		Hans-Joachim Jentsch (1937–2021)	Justice (2 BR 3.5)	Second Senate	3 May 1996 – 28 September 2005	9 years, 148 days	CDU/CSU
78		Winfried Hassemer (1940–2014)	Vice-President (2 BT 3.5) (2002–2008) Justice (2 BT 3.5) (1996–2002)	Second Senate	3 May 1996 – 7 May 2008	12 years, 4 days	SPD
79		Hans-Jürgen Papier (born 1943)	President (1 BT 2.6) (2002–2010) Vice-President (1 BT 2.6) (1998–2002)	First Senate	27 February 1998 – 16 March 2010	12 years, 17 days	CDU/CSU
80		Siegfried Broß [de] (born 1946)	Justice (2 BT 3.5)	Second Senate	28 September 1998 – 16 November 2010	12 years, 49 days	CDU/CSU
81		Lerke Osterloh (born 1944)	Justice (2 BT 2.4)	Second Senate	15 October 1998 – 16 November 2010	12 years, 32 days	SPD
82		Christine Hohmann-Dennhardt (born 1950)	Justice (1 BR 3.5)	First Senate	11 January 1999 – 2 February 2011	11 years, 83 days	SPD
83		Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem (born 1940)	Justice (1 BR 4.4)	First Senate	16 December 1999 – 2 April 2008	8 years, 108 days	SPD
84		Udo Di Fabio (born 1954)	Justice (2 BR 1.6)	Second Senate	16 December 1999 – 19 December 2011	12 years, 3 days	CDU/CSU
85		Brun-Otto Bryde (born 1943)	Justice (1 BT 3.5)	First Senate	23 January 2001 – 2 February 2011	10 years, 10 days	Alliance 90/The Greens
86		Rudolf Mellinghoff (born 1954)	Justice (2 BR 2.4)	Second Senate	23 January 2001 – 31 October 2011	10 years, 281 days	CDU/CSU
87		Gertrude Lübbe-Wolff (born 1953)	Justice (2 BT 4.5)	Second Senate	10 April 2002 – 2 June 2014	12 years, 53 days	SPD
88		Michael Gerhardt [de] (born 1948)	Justice (2 BT 1.5)	Second Senate	31 July 2003 – 15 July 2014	10 years, 349 days	SPD
89		Reinhard Gaier [de] (born 1954)	Justice (1 BR 2.7)	First Senate	1 November 2004 – 8 November 2016	12 years, 7 days	SPD
90		Herbert Landau [de] (born 1948)	Justice (2 BR 3.6)	Second Senate	28 September 2005 – 20 July 2016	10 years, 296 days	CDU/CSU
91		Michael Eichberger (born 1953)	Justice (1 BR 1.5)	First Senate	25 April 2006 – 16 July 2018	10 years, 82 days	CDU/CSU
92		Wilhelm Schluckebier [de] (born 1949)	Justice (1 BT 1.7)	First Senate	2 October 2006 – 1 December 2017	11 years, 60 days	CDU/CSU
93		Ferdinand Kirchhof (born 1949)	Vice-President (1 BT 4.6) (2010–2018) Justice (1 BT 4.6) (2007–2010)	First Senate	1 October 2007 – 30 November 2018	11 years, 60 days	CDU/CSU
94		Johannes Masing (born 1959)	Justice (1 BR 4.5)	First Senate	2 April 2008 – 10 July 2020	12 years, 99 days	SPD
95		Andreas Voßkuhle (born 1963)	President (2 BR 4.7) (2010–2020) Vice-President (2 BR 4.7) (2008–2010)	Second Senate	7 May 2008 – 22 June 2020	12 years, 46 days	SPD
96		Andreas Paulus (born 1963)	Justice (1 BT 2.7)	First Senate	16 March 2010 – 3 June 2022	12 years, 79 days	FDP
97		Monika Hermanns [de] (born 1959)	Justice (2 BT 2.5)	Second Senate	16 November 2010 – 11 January 2023	12 years, 56 days	SPD
98		Peter M. Huber [de] (born 1959)	Justice (2 BT 3.6)	Second Senate	16 November 2010 – 11 January 2023	12 years, 56 days	CDU/CSU
99		Susanne Baer (born 1964)	Justice (1 BT 3.6)	First Senate	2 February 2011 – 20 February 2023	12 years, 21 days	Alliance 90/The Greens
100		Gabriele Britz (born 1968)	Justice (1 BR 3.6)	First Senate	2 February 2011 – 17 April 2023	12 years, 74 days	SPD
101		Peter Müller (born 1955)	Justice (2 BR 1.7)	Second Senate	19 December 2011 – 21 December 2023	12 years, 4 days	CDU/CSU
102		Sibylle Kessal-Wulf [de] (born 1958)	Justice (2 BR 2.5)	Second Senate	19 December 2011 – 21 December 2023	12 years, 4 days	CDU/CSU
103		Doris König (born 1957)	Vice President (2 BT 4.6) (2020–) Justice (2 BT 4.6) (2014–2020)	Second Senate	2 June 2014 – Incumbent	10 years, 200 days	SPD
104		Ulrich Maidowski [de] (born 1958)	Justice (2 BT 1.6)	Second Senate	15 July 2014 – Incumbent	10 years, 157 days	SPD
105		Christine Langenfeld (born 1958)	Justice (2 BR 3.7)	Second Senate	20 July 2016 – Incumbent	8 years, 152 days	CDU/CSU
106		Yvonne Ott [de] (born 1963)	Justice (1 BR 2.8)	First Senate	8 November 2016 – Incumbent	8 years, 41 days	SPD
107		Josef Christ [de] (born 1956)	Justice (1 BT 1.8)	First Senate	1 December 2017 – Incumbent	7 years, 18 days	CDU/CSU
108		Henning Radtke [de] (born 1962)	Justice (1 BR 1.6)	First Senate	16 July 2018 – Incumbent	6 years, 156 days	CDU/CSU
109		Stephan Harbarth (born 1971)	President (1 BT 4.7) (2020–) Vice-President (1 BT 4.7) (2018–2020)	First Senate	30 November 2018 – Incumbent	6 years, 19 days	CDU/CSU
110		Astrid Wallrabenstein [de] (born 1969)	Justice (2 BR 4.8)	Second Senate	22 June 2020 – Incumbent	4 years, 180 days	Alliance 90/The Greens
111		Ines Härtel [de] (born 1972)	Justice (1 BR 4.6)	First Senate	10 July 2020 – Incumbent	4 years, 162 days	SPD
112		Heinrich Amadeus Wolff [de] (born 1965)	Justice (1 BT 2.8)	First Senate	3 June 2022 – Incumbent	2 years, 199 days	FDP
113		Rhona Fetzer [de] (born 1963)	Justice (2 BT 2.6)	Second Senate	11 January 2023 – Incumbent	1 year, 343 days	SPD
114		Thomas Offenloch [de] (born 1972)	Justice (2 BT 3.7)	Second Senate	11 January 2023 – Incumbent	1 year, 343 days	FDP
115		Martin Eifert [de] (born 1965)	Justice (1 BT 3.7)	First Senate	20 February 2023 – Incumbent	1 year, 303 days	Alliance 90/The Greens
116		Miriam Meßling [de] (born 1973)	Justice (1 BR 3.7)	First Senate	17 April 2023 – Incumbent	1 year, 246 days	SPD
117		Peter Frank (born 1968)	Justice (2 BR 1.8)	Second Senate	21 December 2023 – Incumbent	364 days	CDU/CSU
118		Holger Wöckel [de] (born 1976)	Justice (2 BR 2.6)	Second Senate	21 December 2023 – Incumbent	364 days	CDU/CSU
Justice			Position (seat)	Senate	Tenure (as justice)	Tenure length (as justice)	Proposal	Ref.

Key

• Justice: States the name of the justice. In brackets the year of birth for justices who are still alive, and the year of birth and death for justices, who are deceased, are given.
• Position (seat): The office of the justice is listed (i.e. president, vice-president or justice). In brackets the seat number is provided: It is composed of the number of the Senate (1 or 2), the electoral body (Bundestag or Bundesrat ), the respective seat of the justice (1 to 6) and a number corresponding to the chronological occupancy of the seat. Example: The indication "1 BR 4.3" shows that the justice is the third to occupy the fourth seat of the group of justices elected by the Bundesrat to the first senate.
• Senate: States on which senate the respective justice serves or has served.
• Tenure (as justice):
  • First date: Specifies the date on which the justice assumed their office. This date is not identical with the date of their election.
  • Last date: Indicates the last day of the term of office of the justice. In case of sitting justices, they are marked as "incumbent".
• Tenure length: States the length of time a justice is or was in office.
• Proposal: States which German political party proposed the respective justice for their office.
• Ref.: Gives a reference for the information provided in the specific row of the table.

References

Notes

1. Badura & Dreier 2001 state 8 October 1986 as the date of Graßhof's appointment. The Federal Constitutional Court provides 6 October 1986 in a press release. The latter date is used here.

References

1. Ley 1991, pp. 424–425.
2. ^ "Pressemitteilung Nr. 51/2020: Präsidentenwechsel am Bundesverfassungsgericht". Federal Constitutional Court. 22 June 2020. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
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4. ^ Rath, Christian (15 April 2022). "Vor dem großen Wechsel". Legal Tribune Online (in German). Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
5. ^ "Pressemitteilung Nr. 81/2016: Richter des Bundesverfassungsgerichts Prof. Dr. Reinhard Gaier scheidet aus dem Amt". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). 7 November 2016. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
6. ^ "Pressemitteilung Nr. 106/2017: Bundesverfassungsrichter Dr. h. c. Wilhelm Schluckebier scheidet aus dem Amt". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). 30 November 2017. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
7. ^ "Pressemitteilung Nr. 58/2018: Richter des Bundesverfassungsgerichts Prof. Dr. Michael Eichberger scheidet aus dem Amt". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). 16 July 2018. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
8. ^ "Pressemitteilung Nr. 60/2020: Richterwechsel am Bundesverfassungsgericht - Bundesverfassungsrichter Prof. Dr. Johannes Masing scheidet aus dem Amt". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). 10 July 2020. Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
9. ^ "Pressemitteilung Nr. 50/2022: Richterwechsel am Bundesverfassungsgericht - Bundesverfassungsrichter Prof. Dr. Andreas L. Paulus scheidet aus dem Amt". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). 3 June 2022. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
10. ^ "Pressemitteilung Nr. 21/2023: Bundesverfassungsrichterin Prof. Dr. Susanne Baer scheidet aus dem Amt". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). 20 February 2023. Archived from the original on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
11. ^ Rath, Christian (20 February 2023). "Martin Eifert wird zum Verfassungsrichter ernannt: Der neue Klima-Richter". Legal Tribune Online (in German). Archived from the original on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
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23. ^ Rath, Christian (15 December 2023). "Holger Wöckel wird neuer Verfassungsrichter". Legal Tribune Online (in German). Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
24. Ley 1991, pp. 438–439.
25. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, pp. 915, 930.
26. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, pp. 919, 930.
27. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, pp. 920, 930.
28. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, pp. 922, 930.
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30. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, pp. 921, 923, 930.
31. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, pp. 925, 930.
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33. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, pp. 927, 930.
34. ^ "Pressemitteilung Nr. 64/2016: Die ehemalige Präsidentin des Bundesverfassungsgerichts Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Jutta Limbach ist verstorben". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
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38. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, pp. 924, 930.
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42. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, pp. 928, 930.
43. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 928.
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47. Ley 1982, p. 526.
48. Ley 1991, p. 435.
49. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 915.
50. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 916.
51. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 918.
52. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 917.
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54. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 919.
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56. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 920.
57. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 921.
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60. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 922.
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62. "Pressemitteilung Nr. 59/2013: Der ehemalige Richter des Bundesverfassungsgerichts Dr. Dr. h. c. Helmut Simon ist verstorben". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). 27 September 2013. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
63. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 923.
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70. "Pressemitteilung Nr. 65/2014: Der ehemalige Richter des Bundesverfassungsgerichts Prof. Dr. Helmut Steinberger ist verstorben". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). 23 July 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
71. "Pressemitteilung Nr. 9/2012: Ehemalige Bundesverfassungsrichterin Dr. Gisela Niemeyer verstorben". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). 15 February 2012. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
72. "Pressemitteilung Nr. 6/2015: Der ehemalige Richter des Bundesverfassungsgerichts Ernst Träger ist verstorben". Federal Constitutional Court (in German). 27 January 2015. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
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74. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 925.
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76. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 926.
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81. ^ Badura & Dreier 2001, p. 927.
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Bibliography

• Badura, Peter; Dreier, Horst, eds. (2001). 50 Jahre Bundesverfassungsgericht (in German). Vol. II: Klärung und Fortbildung des Verfassungsrechts. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 3-16-147627-1.
• Ley, Richard (1982). "Die Erstbesetzung des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes". Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen (in German). 13 (4): 521–541. JSTOR 24218513.
• —————— (1991). "Die Wahl der Mitglieder des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes. Eine Dokumentation anläßlich des 40jährigen Bestehens". Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen (in German). 22 (3): 420–449. JSTOR 24224804.

v t e Judiciary of Germany
Constitutional Court	Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) (list of justices)
Supreme Courts	Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof) Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht) Federal Social Court (Bundessozialgericht) Federal Fiscal Court (Bundesfinanzhof)
Collaborations of Supreme Courts	Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts of the Federation (Gemeinsamer Senat der obersten Gerichtshöfe des Bundes)

• Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court
• Lists of German judges
• Lists of supreme court justices