List of Armenian monarchs - Misplaced Pages

(Redirected from List of kings of Armenia)

King of Armenia
Flag of Bagratuni dynasty

Statue of King Leo V, last Armenian monarch


Details
First monarch	Hydarnes I (satrap) Orontes II (king)
Last monarch	Leo V
Formation	521 BC (satrapy) 336 BC (kingdom)
Abolition	1375
Residence	Armavir Yervandashat Artaxata Tigranocerta Vagharshapat Dvin Bagaran Shirakavan Kars Ani Tarsus Sis

This is a list of the monarchs of Armenia, rulers of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia (336 BC – AD 428), the medieval Kingdom of Armenia (884–1045), various lesser Armenian kingdoms (908–1170), and finally the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1198–1375). The list also includes prominent vassal princes and lords who ruled during times without an Armenian kingdom, as well as later claimants to the position.

Ancient Armenia (521 BC – AD 428)

For the rulers of Urartu, an Iron Age kingdom (858–585 BC) that preceded the Satrapy of Armenia, see list of kings of Urartu.See also: Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)

Early satraps (521–401 BC)

Orontid dynasty (401–200 BC)

Name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Orontes I	c. 401–344 BC (satrap) (c. 57 years)	Made satrap of Armenia under the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II. Governed virtually autonomously.
Orontes II	c. 344–331 BC (satrap) (c. 13 years) c. 331 BC (king) (c. less than a year)		Died fighting on the side of the Achaemenid Empire against Alexander the Great at the Battle of Gaugamela
Mithrenes	c. 331–317 BC (c. 14 years)	Son of Orontes II, defected to join Alexander the Great and named the new ruler of Armenia by Alexander after his father's death
Neoptolemus	323–321 BC (satrap) (2 years)
Orontes III	c. 317–260 BC (c. 57 years)
Sames	c. 260 BC (less than a year)
Arsames	c. 260–228 BC (c. 32 years)
Xerxes	c. 228–212 BC (c. 16 years)
Orontes IV	c. 212–200 BC (c. 12 years)

Artaxiad dynasty (200 BC–AD 2)

Non-dynastic rulers (2–61)

The first century AD was a time of intense conflict between the Roman and Parthian empires. In Armenia, this resulted in rapid appointments and depositions of Armenian client kings by both sides.

Ariobarzanes, 2–4, a Median prince and matrilineal descendant of Tigranes II
Artavasdes IV, 4–6, son of Ariobarzanes
Tigranes V, 6–12, a Herodian prince
Vonones, 12–18, former king of the Parthian Empire
Artaxias III, 18–34, a Pontic prince
Arsaces (Arshak I), 34–35, son of the Parthian king Artabanus II
Mithridates (first reign), 35–37, brother of the Iberian king Pharasmanes I
Orodes, 37–41, son of the Parthian king Artabanus II
Mithridates (second reign), 41–52
Rhadamistus, 52–54, son of the Iberian king Pharasmanes I
Tiridates I (first reign), 54–58, son of the Parthian king Vonones II
Tigranes VI, 51–61/62, nephew of Tigranes V

Arsacid dynasty (61–428)

Western Armenia (387–389)

Arshak III, 387–c. 389, former king of all of Armenia

Upon the death of Arshak III in 389, Emperor Theodosius I chose to not appoint another king, ending the western kingdom. Arshak's lands were instead incorporated into the Roman Empire.

Eastern Armenia (384–428)

Khosrov IV, 384–389, son of Varazdat?
Vramshapuh, 389/401–417, son of Varazdat?
Khosrov V, 417–418, possibly the same person as Khosrov IV
Shapur, 418–422, son of the Sasanian king Yazdegerd I, later king of the Sasanian Empire (as Shapur IV)
Artaxias IV, 422–428, son of Vramshapuh

In 428, the Sasanian king Bahram V deposed Artaxias IV, with the permission of the Armenian nobility, and annexed his lands into the Sasanian Empire.

Vassal lords and princes (428–884)

Marzbāns in Sasanian Armenia (428–646)

Presiding princes of Armenia (628–884)

In the sixth century, the Byzantine Empire established the position of presiding prince of Armenia (formally "prince of the Armenians"). This office was created in an attempt to legitimize a local vassal leader with Byzantine backing and counteract Sasanian efforts in the region. During later centuries, the princes often wavered in allegiance between Byzantium and the Islamic Caliphates, who competed over influence in the region. The princes were most often autonomous tributary vassals. The earliest known presiding prince of Armenia is Mjej II Gnuni, appointed by the Byzantines in the early seventh century.

Mjej II Gnuni, 628–635 (for the Byzantine Empire)
David Saharuni, 635–638 (for the Byzantine Empire)
Theodore Rshtuni (first time), 638–c. 645 (for the Byzantine Empire)
Varaztirots II Bagratuni, c. 645 (for the Byzantine Empire)
Theodore Rshtuni (second time), 645–653 (for the Byzantine Empire), 653–655 (for the Rashidun Caliphate)
Mushegh IV Mamikonian, 654 (for the Byzantine Empire)
Hamazasp Mamikonian, 655–657 (for the Rashidun Caliphate), 657–658 (for the Byzantine Empire)
Grigor I Mamikonian, 662–684/685 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)
Ashot II Bagratuni, 686–689/690 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)
Nerseh Kamsarakan, 689/690–691 (for the Byzantine Empire)
Smbat VI Bagratuni, 691–697; 700–711 (for the Byzantine Empire), 697–700 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)
Ashot III Bagratuni "the Blind", 732–748 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)
Grigor II Mamikonian, 748–750 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)
Mushegh VI Mamikonian, c. 750; head of insurgent members of the nobility
Sahak III Bagratuni, c. 755–761 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)
Smbat VII Bagratuni, 761–772 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)
Tatzates Andzevatsi, 780–782/785 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)
Ashot IV Bagratuni "the Carnivorous", 806–826 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)
Smbat VIII Bagratuni "the Confessor", 826–855 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)
Bagrat II Bagratuni, "Prince of Princes" 830–852 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)
Ashot V Bagratuni "the Great", 856–884 (for the Abbasid Caliphate); "Prince of Princes" in 856 and king in 884

Restored kingdom (884–1045)

Bagratuni dynasty (884–1045)

See also: Bagratuni dynasty and Bagratid Armenia

After more than four centuries of dormancy, the Armenian kingdom was restored under the Bagratuni dynasty, from which several presiding princes had hailed. The Abbasid caliphs were prominent supporters of the Bagratuni princes gaining power over other Armenian nobles due to fears of Byzantine influence in the region. In 884, Prince Ashot V Bagratuni was crowned king (as Ashot I) by his peers. Ashot's new position was recognised by both the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate; Emperor Basil I and Caliph Al-Mu'tamid each sent him a royal crown.

Ashot I "the Great", 884–890, previously prince
Smbat I "the Martyr", 890–913, son of Ashot I
Ashot II "the Iron", 914–928, son of Smbat I
- Ashot of Bagaran, c. 915–920; usurper installed by Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj
Abas I, 928–953, son of Smbat I
Ashot III "the Merciful", 953–977, son of Abas I
Smbat II "the Conqueror", 977–989, son of Ashot III
Gagik I, 989–1017/1020, son of Ashot III
Hovhannes-Smbat III, 1017/1020–1040/1041 (in Ani), son of Gagik I
Ashot IV "the Valiant", 1017/1020–1040/1041 (in Talin), son of Gagik I
Gagik II, 1042–1045, son of Ashot IV

The Bagratid kingdom and its capital of Ani was conquered by the Byzantine Empire under Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos in 1045.

Lesser medieval Armenian kingdoms

Vaspurakan, Artsruni dynasty (908–1021)

See also: Artsruni dynasty and Kingdom of Vaspurakan

The Artsruni family ruled in Vaspurakan as princes under the Bagratuni kings. The Artsruni family revolted after King Smbat ceded some of the Artsruni lands to the nearby princes of Syunik. Shortly thereafter, in 908, Vaspurakan became a separate kingdom with Gagik Artsruni's recognition as a king by Abbasid caliph.

Gagik Artsruni, 908–937/943
Derenik-Ashot Artsruni, 937/943–953, son of Gagik
Abusahl-Hamazasp Artsruni, 953–969/972, son of Gagik
Ashot-Sahak Artsruni, 969/972–991, son of Abusahl-Hamazasp
Gurgen-Khachik Artsruni, 991–1003, son of Abusahl-Hamazasp
Senekerim-Hovhannes Artsruni, 1003–1021, son of Abusahl-Hamazasp

Senekerim-Hovhannes, the last king of Vaspurakan, surrendered his crown to the Byzantine Empire in 1021 under pressure from incursions by the Seljuk Turks and resettled with his family in Cappadocia.

Vanand, Bagratuni dynasty (961–1065)

Tashir-Dzoraget, Kiurikian dynasty (982–c. 1145)

The Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget was a vassal kingdom founded in 982 by Kiuriki I, youngest son of Ashot III of Armenia, and was thereafter ruled by his descendants. It was for most of its history ruled from the fortress of Lori.

Kiurike I, 982–989, son of Ashot III of Armenia
David I "the Landless", 989–1046/1048, son of Kiurike I
Kiurike II, 1046/1048–1081/1089, son of David I
David II and Abas, c. 1089–c. 1145, sons of Kiurike II

Tashir-Dzoraget was largely conquered by the Seljuk Turks in 1081/1089. In the early 12th century, further conquests led to David II and Abas only retaining control of the fortress of Macnaberd. The kingdom was fully conquered by around 1145, though it is possible that some members of the Kiurikian dynasty retained control of fortresses and settlements in the region thereafter.

Syunik, Siunia dynasty (970–1170)

See also: Siunia dynasty and Kingdom of Syunik

The independent Kingdom of Syunik was established under the Siuni prince Smbat Sahak in 970.

Smbat I Sahak, 970–998
Vasak, 998–1019, son of Smbat I
Smbat II, 1019–1044, cousin and nephew of Vasak
Grigor I, 1044–1084, brother of Smbat II
Senekerim Sevadian, 1084–1094, adoptive son of Grigor I
Grigor II, 1094–1166, son of Senekerim
Hasan of Gerakar, 1166–1170, son-in-law of Grigor II

The Kingdom of Syunik was conquered by the Seljuk Turks in 1170.

Shah-i Armens (1100–1185; 1420–1437)

Ahlat Shah-i Armens (1100–1185)

Qara Qoyunlu (1420–1437)

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1080–1375)

See also: Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and List of monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of CiliciaFor the rulers of Georgia, who sometimes controlled large amounts of Armenian land in 1118–1476 and were related to the Bagratuni dynasty, see List of monarchs of Georgia § Georgia under Bagrationi dynasty.

The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was a state formed in the Middle Ages by Armenians who fled the Seljuk invasion of their homeland. It was initially ruled by the Rubenids, an offshoot of the Bagratuni dynasty. While the Rubenid rulers were initially regional princes, their close ties with the Western world after the First Crusade saw the principality recognised as a kingdom under Leo I by the Holy Roman Empire in 1198. The rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilia thereafter styled themselves simply as "King of Armenia".

Rubenid dynasty (1080–1252)

Hethumid dynasty (1226–1341)

Lusignan and Neghir dynasties (1342–1375)

See also: House of Lusignan and House of Neghir

After the death of Leo IV in 1341, Leo's cousin Guy de Lusignan was elected to succeed him as Constantine II, beginning the rule of the Lusignan dynasty. This dynasty ruled for just over three decades before Cilicia was captured by the Mamluks, bringing an end to the kingdom.

Constantine II, 1342–1344, cousin and chosen successor of Leo IV (House of Lusignan)
Constantine III, 1344–1363, elected by the Armenian nobility; grandnephew of Hethum I (House of Neghir)
Leo (V) "the Usurper", 1363–1365, unknown lineage; seized the throne and then abdicated after a reign of two years
Constantine IV, 1365–1373, cousin of Constantine III (House of Neghir)
- Peter de Lusignan, King of Cyprus, was invited to become king by some Armenian barons in 1368 but died in 1369 while making preparations to cross the sea to Cilicia with his forces
Marie of Korikos, regent 1373–1374, widow of Constantine III and Constantine IV; served as regent while delegations were sent to negotiate with prospective new candidates for the kingship
Leo V (or VI), 1374–1375, nephew of Constantine II (House of Lusignan)

Later claimants

Lusignan claimants (1375–1489)

Leo V continued to claim the title "King of Armenia" in exile until his death in 1393. Leo's claims were then inherited by James I, his cousin (both were great-grandsons of the Cypriot king Hugh III) who ruled as King of Cyprus. From 1393 to the end of the Cypriot kingdom in 1489, the rulers of Cyprus claimed the full title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia".

Leo V, 1375–1393, former king of Armenia
James I of Cyprus, 1393–1398, distant cousin of Leo V
Janus of Cyprus, 1398–1432, son of James I
John II of Cyprus, 1432–1458, son of Janus
Charlotte of Cyprus, 1458–1464, daughter of John II
James II of Cyprus, 1464–1473, son of John II
James III of Cyprus, 1473–1474, son of James II
Catherine Cornaro, 1474–1489, widow of James II and mother of James III

After the fall of the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, Catherine Cornaro sold her claims and titles (including her claim to Armenia) to the Republic of Venice, which at times thereafter advanced a shadowy claim to Cilicia or Armenia as a whole.

Savoyard claimants (1485–1946)

The House of Savoy claimed the titular style "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" for centuries. It was in use as late as the 20th century, for instance by Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (pictured).

Charlotte, who ruled as Queen of Cyprus 1458–1464, was deposed in 1464 but maintained claims to her titles in exile. In 1485, she ceded all her titular claims to her first cousin once removed, Charles I, Duke of Savoy. As a consequence of Charlotte's sale, the House of Savoy is often seen as the heirs of the Lusignan kings of Cyprus and Armenian Cilicia. For centuries thereafter, the heads of the family maintained the style "Duke of Savoy and titular King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia".

The title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" was maintained even after the Savoyard dynasts became kings of Italy, for instance being used by both Victor Emmanuel II and Victor Emmanuel III.

Charlotte of Cyprus, 1464–1485, former queen of Cyprus
Charles I, Duke of Savoy, 1485–1490, first cousin once removed of Charlotte, ceded titles
Charles II, Duke of Savoy, 1490–1496, son of Charles I
Philip II, Duke of Savoy, 1496–1497, uncle of Charles I
Philibert II, Duke of Savoy, 1497–1504, son of Philip II
Charles III, Duke of Savoy, 1504–1553, son of Philip II
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, 1553–1580, son of Charles III
Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, 1580–1630, son of Emmanuel Philibert
Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy, 1630–1637, son of Charles Emmanuel I
Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy, 1637–1638, son of Victor Amadeus I
Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy, 1638–1675, son of Victor Amadeus I
Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, 1675–1730, son of Charles Emmanuel II
Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, 1730–1773, son of Victor Amadeus II
Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia, 1773–1796, son of Charles Emmanuel III
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia, 1796–1802, son of Victor Amadeus III
Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia, 1802–1821, son of Victor Amadeus III
Charles Felix of Sardinia, 1821–1831, son of Victor Amadeus III
Charles Albert of Sardinia, 1831–1849, great-great-grandson of Victor Amadeus I
Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, 1849–1878, son of Charles Albert
Umberto I of Italy, 1878–1900, son of Victor Emmanuel II
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, 1900–1946, son of Umberto I
Umberto II of Italy, 1946, son of Victor Emmanuel III

Notes

It is not fully certain when Armenian rulers began to style themselves as kings in their own right. This list follows Toumanoff (1963) and Lang (2021) in considering Orontes II to be the first "king".

References

^ Baumer, Christoph (2021). History of the Caucasus: Volume 1: At the Crossroads of Empires. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 125, 142, 166, 190, 305, 310–311. ISBN 978-0-7556-3969-4.
Shahbazi, Shapur (1994). "Darius I the Great". Encyclopedia Iranica. Vol. 7. New York: Columbia University. pp. 41–50.
^ Lang 1980, p. Chapter V.
Wijlick, Hendrikus A. M. van (2020). Rome and the Near Eastern Kingdoms and Principalities, 44-31 BC: A Study of Political Relations during Civil War. BRILL. p. 242. ISBN 978-9-0044-4176-7.
Brijder, Herman (2014). Nemrud Dagi: Recent Archaeological Research and Preservation and Restoration Activities in the Tomb Sanctuary on Mount Nemrud. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-6145-1622-4.
^ Redgate, Anne Elizabeth (2000). The Armenians. Wiley. pp. 62, 67, 77, 91–95, 133, 135, 137–138. ISBN 978-0-6311-4372-7.
^ Marek, Christian (2021). In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World. Princeton University Press. p. 571. ISBN 978-0-6912-3365-9.
Vardanankʻ ew Vahaneankʻ (in Armenian). Diocese of the Armenian Church of America. 1984. p. 16.
^ Potts, Daniel T. (1988). Araby the Blest: Studies in Arabian Archaeology. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-8-7728-9051-7.
^ Russell, James R. (1987). Zoroastrianism in Armenia. Harvard University, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-0-6749-6850-9.
^ Adalian, Rouben Paul (2010). Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Scarecrow Press. pp. 174–176, xxxvii–xxxviii. ISBN 978-0-8108-7450-3.
Spuler, Bertold (1977). Rulers and Governments of the World. Bowker. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-8593-5021-1.
"ARMENIA AND IRAN ii. The pre-Islamic period – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved Sep 4, 2019.
^ Zakaria (2004). The Chronicle of Deacon Zakʻaria of Kʻanakʻer. Mazda Publishers. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-5685-9121-6.
^ Hacikyan, Agop Jack; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2000). The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the oral tradition to the Golden Age. Wayne State University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8143-2815-6.
^ Bauer-Manndorff, Elisabeth (1981). Armenia, Past and Present. Armenian Prelacy. p. 85.
^ Vacca, Alison (2017). Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam: Islamic Rule and Iranian Legitimacy in Armenia and Caucasian Albania. Cambridge University Press. pp. 123–124. ISBN 978-1-1071-8851-8.
^ Bury, John Bagnell (1966). The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume IV Part I: Byzantium and its Neighbours. University Press. pp. 780–785.
^ Chahin, Mack (2013). The Kingdom of Armenia: New Edition. Routledge. pp. 228, 230, 232. ISBN 978-1-1368-5243-5.
^ Arakelyan, Babken; Vardanyan, Vrezh; Khalpakhchyan, Hovhannes (1979). "Կարս ". Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia Volume 5 (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Encyclopedia. pp. 342–344.
^ Akopyan, Alexander; Vardanyan, Aram (2015). "A Contribution to Kiurikid Numismatics: Two Unique Coins of Gagik, King of Kakhet'i and of David II of Loři (Eleventh Century)". The Numismatic Chronicle. 175: 214. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 43859792.
^ Khachʻatryan, Hayk; Merguerian, Barbara J. (2001). Queens of the Armenians: 150 Biographies Based on History and Legend. Amaras. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-0-9648-7872-3.
Holding, Deirdre (2014). Armenia: with Nagorno Karabagh. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 317. ISBN 978-1-8416-2555-3.
^ Peacock, A. C. S.; Yildiz, Sara Nur; Yildiz, Dr Sara Nur (2012). "The World of Tutbeg b. Bahram al-Khilati". The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8577-3346-7.
Eastmond, Antony (2017). Tamta's World. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-1071-6756-8.
^ Payaslian, S. (2008). The History of Armenia: From the Origins to the Present. Springer. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-2306-0858-0.
Lynch, H. F. B. (2020). Armenia, Travels and Studies Vol 1: Volume 1. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 330. ISBN 978-3-7524-1017-4.
Güzel, Hasan Celâl; Oğuz, Cem; Karatay, Osman (2002). The Turks: Middle ages. Yeni Türkiye. p. 496. ISBN 978-9-7567-8257-6.
^ Bedirhan, Yaşar (2022). Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti Tarihi (in Turkish). Eğitim Yayinevi. pp. 123–. ISBN 978-6-2584-6842-7.
^ Dickran Kouymjian, "Armenia from the Fall of the Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Emigration under Shah Abbas (1604)," The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Richard Hovannisian, editor (New York: St. Martin Press, 1997), vol. 2, p. 5
(in Armenian) Poghosyan, S.; Katvalyan, M.; Grigoryan, G. et al. Cilician Armenia (Կիլիկյան Հայաստան). Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. vol. v. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1979, pp. 406–428
Kurdoghlian, Mihran (1996). Badmoutioun Hayots, Volume II (in Armenian). Athens, Greece: Hradaragoutioun Azkayin Oussoumnagan Khorhourti. pp. 29–56.
^ Künker, Fritz Rudolf; Kirsch, Arne; Steinbach, Sebastian. 1000 Years of European Coinage, Part III: England, Ireland, Scotland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Balkan, the Middle East, Crusader States, Jetons und Weights. Numismatischer Verlag Künker. pp. 340–341.
Bedoukian, Paul Z. (1969). "The Copper Coins of the Later Kings of Cilician Armenia". Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society). 15: 131–135. ISSN 0145-1413. JSTOR 43574131.
^ Ghazarian, Jacob G. (2000). The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia During the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins 1080–1393. Oxford: Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1418-9. Section "The seeds of Lusignan rule in Cilicia"
^ Fortescue, Adrian (1913). The Lesser Eastern Churches. London: Catholic Truth Society. OCLC 992420. p. 390
^ Arielli, Nir (2010). Fascist Italy and the Middle East, 1933–1940. London: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-3493-1204-7.
^ Hill, George (1948). A History of Cyprus. Vol. The Frankish Period, 1432–1571. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 468917323. p. 612
^ Mauvillon, Eleazar (1742). The History of Francis-Eugene, Prince of Savoy. London: James Hodges. p. 1
^ Davies, Norman (2011). Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-1410-4886-4. Section "Sabaudia".

Sources

Lang, David Marshall (1980). Armenia, Cradle of Civilization. Allen & Unwin. pp. Chapter V. ISBN 978-0-0495-6009-3.

Armenian monarchs

Antiquity
336 BC–428

Orontids	Orontes II Orontes III Sames Arsames Arsames II Xerxes Orontes IV
Artaxiads	Artaxias I Artavasdes I Tigranes I Tigranes II Artavasdes II Artaxias II Tigranes III Tigranes IV & Erato Artavades III Tigranes IV & Erato
Non-dynastic	Ariobarzanes Artavasdes IV Tigranes V Vonones Artaxias III Arshak I Mithridates Orodes Mithridates Rhadamistus Tiridates I Tigranes VI
Arsacids	Tiridates I Sanatruk Axidares Parthamasiris Vologases I Sohaemus Aurelius Pacorus Sohaemus Vologases II Khosrov I Tiridates II Hormizd-Ardashir Narseh Khosrov II Tiridates (III) Tiridates III (IV) Khosrov III Tiran Arshak II Pap Varazdat Arshak III Vologases III Khosrov IV Vramshapuh Khosrov V Shapur Artaxias IV

Bagratids
884–1045

Cilicia
1080–1198 (principality)
1198–1375 (kingdom)

Rubenids	Roupen I (prince) Constantine I (prince) Thoros I (prince) Constantine II (prince) Leo I (prince) Thoros II (prince) Roupen II (prince) Mleh (prince) Roupen III (prince) Leo II (I) (prince, later king) Isabella & Philip
Hethumids	Hethum I Leo II Hethum II Thoros Hethum II Smbat IV Constantine I Hethum II Leo III Oshin Leo IV
Lusignan	Constantine II
Neghir	Constantine III Constantine IV
Lusignan	Leo V

Categories:

Name	Reign	Succession
Artaxias I	c. 190–159 BC (c. 31 years)	Unclear succession. According to Strabo, Artaxias I was a general under the Seleucid king Antiochus III who seized power in Armenia, but according to Artaxias's own inscriptions he appears to have been part of a junior line of the Orontid dynasty.
Artavasdes	c. 160–115 BC (c. 45 years)
Tigranes I	c. 120–95 BC (c. 35 years; disputed)
Tigranes II "the Great"	c. 95–55 BC (c. 40 years)
Artavasdes II	c. 55–34 BC (c. 21 years)
Artaxias II	c. 34–20 BC (c. 14 years)
Tigranes III	c. 20–8 BC (c. 12 years)
Tigranes IV	c. 8–5 BC (first), 2–1 BC (second) (c. 5 years)
Erato (first reign)	c. 8–5 BC (first), 2–1 BC (second), 1-2 AD (c. 7 years)