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List of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War II

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List of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War II is located in Occupied YugoslaviaList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War IIList of mass executions and massacres in 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(pink). Larger marker sizes indicate larger massacres.

The following is a list of massacres and mass executions that occurred in Yugoslavia during World War II. Areas once part of Yugoslavia that are now parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Serbia, Slovenia, North Macedonia, and Montenegro; see the lists of massacres in those countries for more details.

Perpetrators

The majority of massacres were committed by Yugoslav factions during the civil war, while a number were committed by invading Axis forces.

Ustaše

See also: Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

After the invasion of Yugoslavia, puppet-state Independent State of Croatia (NDH) was created by Axis powers in the areas of most of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Ustaše sought to create an ethnically clean state by eradicating Serbs, Jews and Romani through genocidal policies. According to Ustaše officials, the creation of an ethnically pure Greater Croatian state would ensure the safety of the Croats from the Serbs. From the data calculated by the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs, during the creation of the state the population of Serbs was approximately 1,925,000. The Ustaše's largest genocidal massacres were carried out in Bosanska Krajina and in places in Croatia where Serbs constituted a large proportion of the population including Banija, Kordun, Lika, and northern Dalmatia. Between 300 000– 350 000 Serbs were killed in massacres and in concentration camps like Jasenovac and Jadovno. Some 100,000 Serbs, Jews, and anti-fascist Croat were killed at Jasenovac alone.

Chetniks

See also: Chetnik war crimes in World War II

The Chetniks wanted to forge an ethnically pure Greater Serbia claiming it was to ensure the survival of Serbs in Axis/Ustaše-controlled areas by violently "cleansing" these areas of Croats and Muslims. Several historians view Chetnik actions against Muslim and Croats as constituting genocide. Estimates of the number of deaths caused by the Chetniks in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina range from 50,000 to 68,000, while more than 5,000 victims are registered in the region of Sandžak. About 300 villages and small towns were destroyed, along with a large number of mosques and Catholic churches. Chetnik massacres of the Bosniak population took place in eastern Bosnia which, according to historian Marko Attila Hoare, had been "relatively untouched" by the Ustaše until the spring of 1942. Bosnian historian Enver Redžić has a different opinion and claims that eastern Bosnia was not in relative peace at all during the period 1941–1942. He writes that in the summer of 1941, killings of Serbs had already started and acquired broader proportions in eastern Bosnia and that anti-Serb propaganda by Ustaše, by that time, had success among local Muslim and Croats. Bosniak Muslims, particularly in Eastern Bosnia, comprised a large contingent of Ustashe units in the region and played a large role in the genocide of ethnic Serbs in the area that began in 1941. Bosniaks, later in the war, also joined the Waffen SS units that were notorious for their cruelty to the Serbian population. The Serbian population in the Podrina region (Eastern Bosnia) declined significantly as a result of these massacres and ethnic cleansing. Hoare argues that the latter-referenced massacres were not acts of revenge, but "an expression of the genocidal policy and ideology of the Chetnik movement."

Yugoslav Partisans

Yugoslav Partisans committed various massacres, notably as part of the so-called "leftist errors" against ideological opponents and suspected collaborators. At the end of the war, the Partisans "purged" in Serbia (1944–45), and massacred tens of thousands of suspected collaborators during the Bleiburg repatriations at the end and immediate aftermath of the war. Ethnic minorities, such as Italians (namely Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians), were persecuted during the Foibe massacres in Julian March, Kvarner and Dalmatia, while ethnic Germans were also massacred during the Flight and expulsion of Germans in Yugoslavia.

Axis occupying forces

German, Italian, Hungarian and Bulgarian occupying forces engaged in atrocities against the Yugoslavian population, in the form of mass-killings of civilians and hostages in retaliation for Partisan attacks and resistance. Infamous examples include the Kragujevac massacre, committed by German forces, as did the Albanian Waffen-SS units, which murdered more than 400 Orthodox Christian civilians at Andrijevica, the Novi Sad raid, committed by Hungarian forces and crimes committed by Italian forces, such as in Podhum.

List

Name Date Location Deaths Perpetrator(s) Description
Alibunar and Selište massacre April 1941 Alibunar and Selište 254  Nazi Germany Massacre of Royal Yugoslav Army POWs and civilians by the 2nd SS Panzer Division in Alibunar and the nearby settlement of Selište.
Sušica massacre April 1941 Sušica, North Macedonia 7 Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946) Kingdom of Bulgaria Seven Turkish civilians were executed. The victims' houses were burned down and some women were raped.
Donji Mosti massacre 10 April 1941 Donji Mosti 11  Kingdom of Yugoslavia Croat civilians killed by the cavalry regiment "Car Dušan Silni" of the Royal Yugoslav Army in response to a Croat fifth column insurrection in Bjelovar.
Derventa massacre 11–13 April 1941 Derventa 17  Kingdom of Yugoslavia Croat civilians killed by retreating Royal Yugoslav Army soldiers.
Slavonska Požega executions 19–23 April 1941 Slavonska Požega 38  Ustaše Executions of Serbs by Ustaše.
Kacenštajn executions 1941–1945 Kacenštajn Castle, Begunje na Gorenjskem 849  Nazi Germany Mass-executions of Slovene hostages by the Gestapo throughout World War II.
Dotrščina executions 1941–1945 Dotrščina, Zagreb 7,000  Ustaše Mass-executions of Serbs, Jews, Roma and Croat Anti-fascist hostages (including 2,000 members of the KPJ and the SKOJ) during the Ustaše occupation of Zagreb. About 90% (c. 6,300) of those executed were Croat civilians and Anti-fascists, due to the fact that most of Zagreb's Serbian, Jewish and Roma populations had either been killed or deported to Jasenovac or Auschwitz by 1942.
Mijajlova Jama massacres 1941–1945 Mijajlova Jama, near Ravna Reka 1,000+  Chetniks Chetniks, led by Mihailo Čačić, executed more than 1,000 people in killings throughout the occupation in the Mijajlova Jama (Mijail's pit). The victims included captured Partisans, local civilians accused of collaborating with Partisans, captured Allied pilots and civilian prisoners of various nationalities (Russians, Greeks, Poles, Czechs, Italians) who had escaped from nearby German labour camps.
Pančevo executions 21–22 April 1941 Pančevo, Vojvodina 36  Nazi Germany Execution of Serbs by Wehrmacht and Volksdeutsche.
Gudovac massacre 28 April 1941 Gudovac near Bjelovar, Croatia proper 184–196  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Kosinj massacre 30 April 1941 Kosinj, Lika c. 600  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Dubrovnik executions May–December 1941 Dubrovnik 58  Ustaše Execution of captives, primarily Serbs, by subordinates under Ivo Rojnica including 13 who were killed on 1 July 1941.
Sanski Most executions 9 May 1941 Sanski Most 27  Nazi Germany Shooting of Serbs by Germans following a revolt.
Blagaj massacre 9 May 1941 Blagaj, Croatia proper c. 400  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs from Veljun and surroundings by Ustaše.
Glina massacre 11–13 May 1941 Glina 260–417  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Otočac massacre May 1941 Otočac 331  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Nevesinje massacre late May–June 1941 Nevesinje, Herzegovina 173  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Doljani massacre June 1941 – 1942 Doljani, Donji Lapac 1,186  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Gacko massacre 3 June 1941 Korita 133–180  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše; corpses thrown into the Koritska Jama pit.
Knin massacre 15 June 1941 Knin c. 60  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Rašića Gaj massacres 22 June–20 July 1941 Rašića Gaj, Vlasenica 70–200  Ustaše Muslim militia Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše Muslim militia.
Popovo Polje massacre 23 June 1941 Popovo Polje, Ljubinje, Herzegovina 140-164  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše in the villages of Popovo Polje in the district of Ljubinje.
Metković massacre 25 June 1941 Metković 280  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Dračevo massacre 25 June 1941 Dračevo 70  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Avtovac massacre 28 June 1941 Avtovac 47  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetniks.
Bileća massacre June 1941 Bileća, Herzegovina c. 600 Serb rebels Massacre of Muslims by Serb rebels.
Kostajnica massacre 29 June - July 1941 Hrvatska Kostajnica 280  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Ličko Petrovo Selo and Melinovac massacre June - August 1941 Ličko Petrovo Selo and Melinovac 890  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Pecka massacre July 1941 Pecka 250  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Perna massacre July 1941 – 1942 Perna 427  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Rakovica massacre July 1941 – 1942 Rakovica 2,019  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Vojnić massacre July 1941 – 1942 Vojnić 3,849  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Čelebić massacre (1941) July 1941 Čelebić 104  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Garavice massacre July – September 1941 Garavice, near Bihac 10,000-12,000  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs, Jews and Roma by Ustaše.
"Leftist error"

massacres

July 1941 – early 1942 Mostly areas of Serbia, Montenegro and East Herzegovina 1,000+  Partisans Partisan massacres of suspected enemy collaborators, political opponents, "class enemies" and other "fifth columnists".
Kerestinec prisoner escape massacre 9–17 July 1941 Kerestinec prison 75  Ustaše A group of political prisoners (mostly Croatian communists and other anti-fascists) were to be executed in retaliation for Partisan attacks. On 9 July 1941, the first group of ten, including Božidar Adžija, Otokar Keršovani, Ognjen Prica, Zvonimir Richtmann and Viktor Rosenzweig, was executed. The KPH and local Partisans responded by organising a mass-escape on the 13 July 1941, the escape failed for all but 14 of the prisoners; 31 were shot whilst escaping, while 44 were recaptured and summarily executed at Dotrščina by 17 July, including August Cesarec.
Banski Grabovac massacre 24–25 July 1941 Grabovac, near Petrinja c. 1,200  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Drvar massacre 27 July 1941 Drvar 550  Chetniks and Serb rebels Massacre of 350 Croats and 200 Muslims after the capture of Drvar.
Brotnja massacre 27 July 1941 Brotnja 37  Chetniks Massacre of 37 Croats in the village of Brotnja by Chetniks during the Srb uprising.
Bosansko Grahovo massacre 27 July 1941 Bosansko Grahovo c. 100  Chetniks and Serb rebels Massacre of Croats in Bosansko Grahovo by Chetniks and other Serb rebels, led by Branko Bogunović, during the Srb uprising.
Obljaj massacre 27 July 1941 Obljaj, Korita, Luka, Ugarci and Crni Lug 250+  Chetniks Chetnik massacre of Croats across several villages near Bosansko Grahovo during the Srb uprising.
Trubar massacre 27 July 1941 Trubar [sh], Bosanska Krajina 200+ Serb rebels Massacre of Croats, members of a Catholic pilgrimage, who were ambushed near Drvar by Serb rebels.
Ličko Petrovo Selo massacre 27 July 1941 Ličko Petrovo Selo 313  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše in Ličko Petrovo Selo.
Velika Kladuša massacre 29 July 1941 Velika Kladuša and surroundings c. 4,000  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše near Velika Kladuša, under the Ičungar Hill.
Glina massacre 30 July–3 August 1941 Glina c. 1,200–2,000  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Gospić massacre (1941) Late July - Early August 1941 District of Gospić c. 3,000  Ustaše Large-scale massacres of Serbs by Ustaše in the district of Gospić.
Boričevac massacre 2 August 1941 Boričevac 179  Chetniks Massacre of Croats in the village of Boričevac by Chetniks during the Srb uprising
Kruščica camp massacre 5 August 1941 Kruščica concentration camp 74  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs from Pale at the Kruščica concentration camp by Ustaše.
Višegrad massacre (1941) July–August 1941 Višegrad, Herzegovina c. 500 Serb villagers Massacre of Muslims by Bosnian Serbs at Višegrad and environs.
Divoselo massacre 2 August 1941 Near Divoselo 170  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše, including 120 children.
Sanski Most massacre 2-3 August 1941 Sanski Most and surrounding areas 2,862-5,500  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Prebilovci massacre 4–6 August 1941 Prebilovci c. 650  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Mlakva massacre 6 August 1941 Mlakva 280  Ustaše massacre of Serbs by Ustaše, including 191 children.
Slunj massacre 4 August 1941 Slunj 800  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Krnjeuša massacre 9–10 August 1941 Krnjeuša 240  Chetniks Massacre of Croat civilians in the parish of Krnjeuša by Chetniks.
Lastve and Zelinovac massacre 9–10 August 1941 Lastve and Zelinovac 130  Chetniks Massacre of Croats by Chetniks.
Vrtoče massacre 9–10 August 1941 Vrtoče, near Bosanski Petrovac 70  Chetniks Massacre of Croats by Chetniks.
Bosanska Dubica massacre 20–21 August 1941 Bosanska Dubica c. 300  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Čitluk and Strigova massacres 22 August 1941 Čitluk and Strigova 26  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Berkovići massacre 26–28 August 1941 Berkovići 200–300  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetniks.
Novoselci massacre Early August 1941 Novoselci 31  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše at Novoselci.
Zaklopača massacre August 1941 Srebrenica 81  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetniks under the command of Jezdimir Dangić; a group of Muslims barricaded in a local mekteb (Muslim religious school) at Zaklopača which was then set alight.
Plana massacre 3 September 1941 Plana 425  Chetniks Muslims massacred by Chetniks in Plana and surrounding villages.
Varcar Vakuf massacre 5 September 1941 Varcar Vakuf 56  Chetniks Massacre of 44 Muslims and 12 Croats by Chetniks.
Kulen Vakuf massacre 5–8 September 1941 Kulen Vakuf 1,000-3,000  Partisan Drvar Brigade, local Serb rebels,

 Chetniks

Massacre of Muslims and Croats by the Partisan Drvar Brigade, Chetniks and local Serb peasants at Kulen Vakuf.
Jošan massacre 1941 Jošan 338  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Javor massacre 1941 Javor 100+  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše at Javor, near Srebrenica and Ozren.
Kruševac executions 23 September 1941 – 12 June 1944 Slobodište, near Kruševac 1,642  Nazi Germany Mass-shootings of Chetnik and Partisan POWs and local civilians by German forces.
Mačva massacres 24 September – 9 October 1941 Mačva region c. 6,000  Nazi Germany

 Ustaše  Kingdom of Hungary

Serbian civilians killed in reprisals during anti-Partisan operations led by German, Ustaše and Hungarian forces.
Ibarski Kolašin massacre 30 September 1941 Ibarski Kolašin 150 Albanians Massacre of Serbs civilians by Albanian Vulnetari commanded by Shaban Polluzha.
Dvor massacre September 1941 Dvor 1,556  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Grubišno Polje massacre September 1941 Grubišno Polje 1,486  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Rogatica massacre October 1941–January 1942 Rogatica district 2,000  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetniks after the capture of the town.
Extraordinary Tribunal for Dalmatia 11 October-13 November 1941 Zadar, Šibenik, Kotor, Vodice 500+  Kingdom of Italy Established by Italian governor Giuseppe Bastianini on 11 October 1941, it held four trials, against alleged Communists (mostly Croats), suspected of responsibility for recent Partisan attacks. The trials were characterized by a hasty procedure without any guarantee for the accused, imposing forty-eight death sentences, of which thirty-five were executed, as well as thirty-seven prison sentences of different lengths. On 24 October 1941, the Extraordinary Tribunal was replaced with the Special Court for Dalmatia, under these courts, another 500 death sentences were imposed until 13 November 1941.
Draginac massacre 14 October 1941 Draginac, near Loznica 2,950  Nazi Germany Massacre of Suspected Serb partisan sympathizers, Roma and Jewish civilians in reprisals.
Kraljevo massacre 15-20 October 1941 Kraljevo 1,755  Nazi Germany Wehrmacht murder almost 1,800 civilians in reprisal shootings.
Kragujevac massacre 20–21 October 1941 Kragujevac 2,778  Nazi Germany More than 2,000 Serb, Roma and Jewish civilians arrested and killed by the Wehrmacht in reprisal shootings.
Prača massacre mid-November 1941 Prača and surrounding villages 63  Chetniks Chetniks massacred Muslim civilians in the Prača area.
Valjevo executions 27 November 1941 Valjevo c. 300  Nazi Germany Execution of at least 261 out of 365 Partisan POWs by Wehrmacht and Serbian collaborators. The Partisans were handed over to Germans by Mihailović's Chetniks with Pećanac Chetniks serving as intermediary.
Koraj massacre 28 November 1941 Koraj, near Brčko 100+  Chetniks Massacre of Muslim peasants by Chetniks. The massacre was in response to the 1941 anti-Communist Tuzla Rebellion.
Novi Pazar massacre November–December 1941 Novi Pazar 176  Chetniks, Vulnetari, Sandžak Muslim militia 115 Serb civilians massacred by Albanian Vulnetari forces and local units of the Sandžak Muslim militia; 61 Muslim civilians massacred by Chetniks during and after the Battle of Novi Pazar.
Čajniče massacre December 1941 Čajniče 418  Chetniks Massacre of Muslim civilians by Chetniks.
Divin massacre December 1941 Divin 423  Chetniks Massacre of Muslim civilians by Chetniks.
Sopotnik massacre December 1941 Sopotnik, near Zvornik 86  Chetniks Massacre of Muslim civilians by Chetniks.
Vlasenica massacre December 1941–February 1942 Vlasenica 2,000–3,000  Chetniks Massacre of Muslim civilians by Chetniks.
Visuć massacre 1941 Visuć 85  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše at Visuć.
Pljevlja massacre 2 December 1941 Pljevlja 74  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of Montenegrin civilians and captured Partisans by Italian forces during the Uprising in Montenegro.
Foča massacre (1941) 5 December 1941–January 1942 Foča 2,000+  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims at Foča by Chetnik forces who received the town of Foča from the Royal Italian Army.
Crljevice massacre 5 December 1941–January 1942 Crljevice near Pljevlja 38  Kingdom of Italy Killing of villagers of all ages and burning down the village in retaliation for Yugoslav Partisan attack on Pljevlja.
Brčko massacre 10 December 1941 Brčko 350  Ustaše Massacre of Jews, half of whom were Austrian refugees.
Babina Vlaka massacre 14 December 1941 Babina Vlaka, Jabuka and Mihailovici, near Pljevlja 120  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of Montenegrin civilians by Italian forces during the Uprising in Montenegro.
Brezije massacre 21 December 1941 Brezije, Slavonia 880  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Prkos massacre 21 December 1941 Prkos, Central Croatia 478  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Gornje Taborište massacre 27-28 December 1941 Gornje Taborište At least 254  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Goražde massacre (1941-1942) 30 December 1941 – 26 January 1942 Goražde 1,370–2,050  Chetniks Massacre of mainly Bosniak Muslims and some Croats by Chetnik forces; corpses left hanging in the town or thrown into the Drina river.
Žepa massacre late 1941 Žepa c. 300  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetnik forces at Žepa.
Voćin massacre 14 January 1942 Voćin 350  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Čelebić massacre (1942) January 1942 Čelebić 54  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetnik forces at Čelebić; village later torched.
Žabalj massacre Christmas at January 1942 Žabalj 700  Kingdom of Hungary Massacre of Serbs by Hungarian forces at Žabalj.
Gospođinci massacre Christmas at January 1942 Gospođinci 100  Kingdom of Hungary Massacre of Serbs by Hungarian forces at Gospođinci
Čurug massacre 4–9 January 1942 Čurug 900  Kingdom of Hungary Massacre of Serbs by Hungarian forces at Čurug
Đurđevo massacre January 1942 Đurđevo 300  Kingdom of Hungary Massacre of Serbs by Hungarian forces at Đurđevo
Titel massacre January 1942 Titel 60–80  Kingdom of Hungary Massacre of Serbs by Hungarian forces at Titel
Temerin massacre January 1942 Temerin 48  Kingdom of Hungary Massacre of Jews by Hungarian forces at Temerin
Pridvorica massacre 7 January 1942 Pridvorica 180  Muslim Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Muslim Ustaše units.
Novi Sad raid 22–23 January 1942 Novi Sad 3,300-3,800  Kingdom of Hungary Massacre of Jews and Serbs driven onto the frozen Danube by Hungarian forces at Novi Sad.
Bečej raid 27 January 1942 Bečej 250  Kingdom of Hungary Massacre of Jews and Serbs driven onto the frozen Tisa River by Hungarian forces at Bečej.
Srebrenica massacre January 1942 Srebrenica and environs c. 1,000  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetniks in Srebrenica and nearby villages.
Višegrad massacre (1942) January 1942 Višegrad 1,000+  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetniks at Višegrad.
Žitkovac executions 5 January 1942 Žitkovac 43  Nazi Germany 11 captured and 32 Romani civilians executed by German soldiers. Executed Romani were arrested by Serbian Volunteer Corps
Melovo and Mijovac massacres 5-6 January 1942 Melovo and Mijovac 48  Pećanac Chetniks Killing of Romani civilians including women and children, 4 in Melovo and 44 in Mijovac by Pećanac Chetniks
Dražgoše massacre 11–12 January 1942 Dražgoše 41  Nazi Germany Slovene hostages executed by the Wehrmacht in Dražgoše.
Draksenić massacre 13–15 January 1942 Draksenić c. 360  Ustaše Massacre of approximately 360 Serbs by Ustaše and Home Guard at Draksenić.
Pljeva executions February 1942 Pljeva, Central Bosnia 41  Partisans Captured Croatian Home Guards executed by Partisans.
Piskavica and Ivanjska massacre 5, 12 February 1942 Piskavica and Ivanjska 520  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše at Piskavica and Ivanjska
Banja Luka massacre 7 February 1942 Drakulić, Šargovac, Motike, near Banja Luka 2,315  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše at Drakulić, Šargovac, and Motike, including some 500 children.
Bojnik massacre 17 February 1942 Bojnik 476  Kingdom of Bulgaria Serb civilians massacred by Bulgarian forces in response to the alleged sheltering of Partisans.
Dubrave massacre March 1942 — February 1943 Dubrave, near Nikšić 300  Partisans Massacre of civilians suspected of collaboration with Chetniks.
Drakan massacre 3 March 1942 Drakan 42  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetniks at Drakan
Resnik massacre 5 March 1942 Resnik 51  Chetniks Muslims killed by Chetniks after being forced into the Drina river, where they were drowned.
Stari Brod massacre 22 March–May 1942 Stari Brod and Miloševići, near Višegrad 6,000+  Ustaše Massacre of more than 6,000 Serbs committed by the Black Legion and Ustaše Muslim militia.
Begovo Brdo massacre 3 April 1942 Begovo Brdo, near Cetingrad 121  Ustaše Massacre of Serb civilians, mainly children, by Ustaše the under the command of Ante Moškova. Most of the victims were slaughtered at the Latićki forest.
Krstinja massacre April 1942 Krstinja 759  Ustaše Massacre of Serb civilians, mainly children, women and the elderly.
Kolarić massacre 17 April 1942 Kolarić, near Vojnić 99  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Ljubljana executions 24 April–24 July 1942 Province of Ljubljana 1,000+  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of more than 1,000 Slovene hostages by Italian forces across the Province of Ljubljana.
Pristina killings Late June 1942 Pristina area 100 Albanians Killings of Serbs by Albanians in Pristina and vicinity.
Čabar massacre July 1942 Čabar 132  Kingdom of Italy Italian forces massacred Croats.
Hrib massacre July 1942 Hrib [fr], near Gerovo 40-60  Kingdom of Italy Italian forces massacred 40-60 Croats.
Podhum massacre 12 July 1942 Podhum 118  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of Croat men and boys by Italian forces in the village Podhum
Sadilovac massacre 31 July 1942 Sadilovac 580  Ustaše Massacre of Serb inhabitants of the villages surrounding Sadilovac, including 270 children.
Rog massacre July–August 1942 Rog, near Kočevje 300  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of Slovenian civilians by Italian forces during anti-Partisan operations.
Jermendol massacre July–August 1942 Jermendol, near Babno Polje 40  Kingdom of Italy Slovenian civilians massacred by Italian forces
Syrmia massacre August 1942 Region of Syrmia c. 3,000-7,000  Ustaše,
 Nazi Germany 		Massacre of between 3,000-7,000 Serbs following a joint military anti-partisan operation in the Syrmia by Ustaše and the German Wehrmacht.
Foča massacre (1942) August 1942 Foča c. 2,000–3,000  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetniks in Foča region.
Ustikolina massacre August 1942 Ustikolina 2,500  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims by Chetniks.
Dragljane massacre August 1942 Dragljane, near Vrgorac 150  Chetniks,  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of 150 Croats by Chetnik and Italian forces
Kusonje massacre 13 August 1942 Kusonje 463  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs who were thrown into pits by Ustaše.
Zabiokovlje massacre 29 August 1942 Zabiokovlje region, near Makarska 141–160  Chetniks Massacre of 141-160 Croats from several villages in the Zabiokovlje, Biokovo and Cetina areas of southern Croatia by Chetniks, under the command of Petar Baćović, that had been participating in the Italian anti-Partisan "Operation Albia".
Makarska massacre September 1942 Makarska 900  Chetniks Chetniks, under the command of Petar Baćović, massacre Croats around the town of Makarska.
Dabnica massacre 19 September 1942 Dabnica 18  Kingdom of Bulgaria Massacre of Macedonian civilians by Bulgarian forces.
Gata massacre 1 October 1942 Gata 100+  Chetniks Croat civilians killed by Chetniks for pro-Yugoslav Partisan sympathies and in retaliation for the destruction of the Split-Omiš road.
Maribor prison massacre 2 October 1942 Maribor 143  Nazi Germany Massacre of Slovene hostages held in the Maribor prison.
Drežnica massacre 3 October 1942 Drežnica 62–142  Chetniks Massacre of Croat civilians by Chetniks.
Dugopolje massacre (1942) 5 October 1942 Dugopolje, Kotlenice and neighbouring settlements 120  Chetniks,  Kingdom of Italy Croats killed by Chetniks, supported by Italian forces.
Španovica massacre 8 October 1942 Španovica 143  Partisans Massacre of Croat civilians by Partisans.
Kriva Reka massacre 11–14 October 1942 Kriva Reka and neighbouring areas 690  Nazi Germany,

 Kingdom of Bulgaria

Serb civilians massacred in reprisals by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen and Bulgarian forces during and after Operation Kopaonik.
Prozor massacre 14–15 October 1942 Prozor area 543–2,500  Chetniks Massacre of Croats and Bosnian Muslims by Chetniks due to suspected harboring and aiding the Partisans. It took place during Operation Alfa.
Nova Krivaja massacre 29 October 1942 Nova Krivaja 28  Ustaše Following battle with local Partisans, Ustaše massacred Serbs in Nova Krivaja. Most victim's bodies were thrown down the well after the killing.
Primošten massacre 16 November 1942 Primošten 150  Kingdom of Italy Croats killed by Italian forces by deliberately shelling the town of Primošten in retaliation for an earlier Partisan attack.
Popovac massacre 20 December 1942 Popovac near Voćin 36  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše. 12 victims were killed by cold weapons, rest killed by firing squad.
Gospić massacres (1943) January 1943 Several villages in the Gospić district 635  Kingdom of Italy Italian forces, belonging to the "Lombardia" and "Re" divisions, killed 635 civilians from several villages near Gospić, during anti-Partisan operations.
Vrlika massacre January 1943 Vrlika and surrounding areas 103  Chetniks Massacre of Croats by Chetniks, under the command of Petar Baćović and Momčilo Đujić.
Široka Kula massacre (1943) January 1943 Široka Kula 185  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of 185 Croat civilians in the village of Široka Kula by Italian forces
Bijelo Polje massacre January 1943 Bijelo Polje c.1,000  Chetniks Chetniks, led by Pavle Đurišić, razed 33 Muslim villages in the area around Bijelo Polje, killing Muslim civilians.
Turkanj massacre January–February 1943 Turkanj, near Slunj 208  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of Croat hostages and civilians by Italian forces
Maovice massacre 26 January 1943 Maovice 60 - 80  Chetniks Massacre of Croats by Chetniks of the Dinara Division, led by Momčilo Đujić.
Kijevo massacre 27 January 1943 Kijevo 45  Chetniks Massacre of Croats by Chetniks in the village of Kijevo.
Massacres in Pljevlja, Priboj, Čajniče and Foča January–February 1943 Pljevlja, Priboj, Čajniče and Foča districts and surrounding villages 9,200  Chetniks Massacre of Muslims (including 8,000 civilians) by Chetniks, led by Pavle Đurišić, across several districts and villages in southeastern Bosnia and Sandžak.
Bukovica massacre 4–7 February 1943 Bukovica, Pljevlja 576+  Chetniks Massacre of more than 576 Muslim civilians during Chetnik attack on positions held by Sandžak Muslim militia.
Kasidoli massacre 5 February 1943 Kasidoli, Priboj 227  Chetniks Massacre of 227 Muslim civilians in village of Kasidoli by Chetniks of Vuk Kalaitović.
Mekinjar massacre 17 February 1943 Mekinjar, near Udbina 30  Chetniks,  Kingdom of Italy Croats killed by Chetniks and Italian forces.
Goražde massacre (1943) March 1943 Goražde 500  Chetniks Massacre of Muslim civilians by Chetniks.
Breza massacre March and April 1943 Breza 74  Chetniks Massacre of suspected Communists and Partisan sympathisers by Chetniks.
Kninsko Polje massacre April 1943 Kninsko Polje, near Knin 1,000  Chetniks Massacre of 1,000 Croats at a makeshift execution site near Knin.
Šibenik executions 23 April–15 June 1943 Šibenik and its environs 240  Kingdom of Italy Execution of 240 Croat hostages in the Šibenik district by Italian forces, in retaliation for Partisan attacks
Vrpolje and Perković massacre 22 May 1943 Vrpolje and Perković 66  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of Croat civilians, rounded up from the villages of Vrpolje and Perković, in retaliation for a Partisan attack on the Šibenik-Split railway
Međeđe massacre May–June 1943 Međeđe, near Nikšić 72  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of Montenegrin and Serb civilians by Italian forces.
Bar massacre (1943) June 1943 Bar, Montenegro 180  Kingdom of Italy Massacre of Montenegrin prisoners being held in the Bar concentration camp
Komin massacre June 1943 Komin, near Ploče 228  Kingdom of Italy Croats massacred by Italian forces.
Bijeljina massacre (1943) June 1943 Bijeljina 1,139  Nazi Germany Massacre of Serb civilians by German forces during anti-Partisan reprisals.
Vareška Reka massacre June 1943 Vareška Reka–Ibar confluence 15 Vulnetari and gendarmerie Massacre of Serbs by Albanian paramilitaries.
Trepča mine executions 3 June 1943 Trepča mine, Mitrovica 37 Albanians Mass shooting of 37 Serbs by Albanians, Albanian gendarmerie and prison guards at the Trepča mine prison, most of whom were workers that had fallen ill, and among whom several were peasants from the Mitrovica vicinity.
Trepča mine executions 7 June 1943 Trepča mine, Mitrovica 27 Albanians Mass shooting of 27 Serbs by Albanians, Albanian gendarmerie and prison guards.
Doli Pivski massacre 7 June 1943 Doli Plivski, Montenegro 522  Ustaše,
 Nazi Germany 		Massacre of 522 Serb civilians by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen, along with the Ustaše and the SS Handschar Division.
Vataša massacre 16 June 1943 Vataša 12  Kingdom of Bulgaria Massacre of 12 Macedonian civilians (suspected to have been members of the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia) by Bulgarian forces.
Kolašin executions 25 June 1943 Kolašin 180  Kingdom of Italy Hostages shot by Italian forces.
Žrnovica massacre July 1943 Žrnovnica and surrounding villages 97  Kingdom of Italy Croat civilians killed by Italian forces during anti-Partisan reprisals.
Lovreć massacre 10 July 1943 Lovreć and surrounding areas 112  Chetniks, Kingdom of Italy,
 Nazi Germany 		Croats (Partisan POWs and civilians) killed by Chetniks, 7th SS Division, and Italian forces, victims were burned alive in houses.
Rotimlja massacre 12 July 1943 Rotimlja, near Stolac 66  Nazi Germany Muslims massacred in reprisals the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.
Košutica massacre 12 July 1943 Košutica, near Sokolac 68  Nazi Germany Muslims massacred in reprisals by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.
Dugopolje massacre (1943) September 1943 Dugopolje 40  Nazi Germany Croat civilians massacred by 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.
Zrin massacre 9-10 September 1943 Zrin 270  Partisans Massacre of 270 Croat civilians in Zrin by Partisans
Foibe massacres 9 September 1943 – 1946 Julian March, Kvarner and Dalmatia Between 3,000–5,000 or c.11,000–20,000  Partisans and OZNA Massacres of reprisals against local ethnic Italian population (Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians), as well against anti-communists in general (even Croats and Slovenes) and against real, potential or presumed opponents of Tito communism.
Tićan massacre 11 September 1943 Tićan, near Višnjan 84  Nazi Germany Croats massacred by the 71st Infantry Division, during anti-Partisan reprisals.
Uroševac massacre 11–12 September 1943 Uroševac area 60 Albanians Massacre of Serbs by Albanians, commanded by Amdija Jašarević
Imotski massacre 17-30 September 1943 Imotski, Sinj and neighboring villages 230  Nazi Germany Croats massacred by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.
Mravince and Majdan massacre 27 September 1943 Mravince and Majdan, near Split 69  Nazi Germany Croat civilians massacred by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.
Košute massacre 29 September 1943 Košute and neighbouring villages 102  Nazi Germany Croat civilians massacred in reprisals by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.
Rakoš massacre October 1943 Rakoš 63 Albanians Shooting of Serb villagers
Massacres in Mužini, Cere and Feštini 2 October 1943 Mužini, Cere and Feštini, near Žminj 44  Nazi Germany Croats massacred by German forces; 28 in Mužini, 10 in Cere and 6 in Feštini.
Višegrad massacre (1943) 5 October 1943 Višegrad 2,000+  Chetniks Muslim civilians massacred by Chetniks after the capture of Višegrad.
Gornji Hrastovac massacre 6-7 October 1944 Gornji Hrastovac 1,256  Ustaše Massacre of Serbs by Ustaše.
Kresini massacre 7 October 1943 Kresini, near Žminj 57  Nazi Germany Croats massacred by German forces of the II SS Panzer Corps during the anti-Partisan offensive (Unternehmen Istrien).
Peć killings November–December 1943 Peć district 230 Albanians killings of Serbs
Baćina massacre 2 November 1943 Baćina and neighbouring areas 107  Nazi Germany Croat civilians massacred in reprisals by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.
Ivanci massacre 30 November 1943 Ivanci 73  Nazi Germany Serb civilians (suspected Partisan sympathisers) killed by German forces in reprisals.
Lug and Kuk massacre 16 December 1943 Lug and Kuk, near Tomislavgrad 81  Nazi Germany Massacre of 81 Croats by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen in retaliation for nearby Partisan attacks
December Victims 20 December 1943 Zagreb 16  Ustaše 16 anti-Fascists (14 Croats, 2 Slovenes), notably Bogdan Ogrizović, hanged on 20 December 1943 on butcher hooks on a public street at the western end of Dubrava in retaliation for the killing of an Ustaše agent, Ljudevit Tiljak, by the Partisans
Vranić massacre 20–21 December 1943 Vranić 68  Chetniks Serb civilians killed by Chetniks at Vranić under suspicion of harbouring and/or supporting the Partisans
Kopljare massacre 25 December 1943 Kopljare 22  Chetniks 19 Romani and 3 Serbs were killed by Chetniks of Nikola Kalabić in the night of 25 December and all Romani houses as well as two houses of villagers were razed.
Šajini and Bokordići massacre 8-9 January 1944 Šajini and Bokordići 76  Nazi Germany Croat civilians killed (54 in Šajini and 22 in Bokordići) by Wehrmacht forces of the 71st Infantry Division.
Bosut massacre 9–12 March 1944 Bosut, Sremska Rača, Jamena 645  Nazi Germany/ Ustaše (SS-Handschar Division) Massacre of Serb civilians by the SS-Handschar Division during Operation "Wegweiser". [sh]
Massacre of villages under Kamešnica 26–30 March 1944 Several villages between Kamešnica and Mosor near Split 1,525–3,000  Nazi Germany,
 Chetniks 		Croatian civilians massacred by members of the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen and the 369th Infantry Division, supported by Dinara Chetniks, across several Croat villages in the Kamešnica and Mosor region, near Split.
Drugovac massacre 29 April 1944 Drugovac near Smederevo 72  Chetniks Largest Chetnik masacre in any Serb village. Chetniks killed 72, burnt down around 120 and plundered 200 houses in pro-Partisan village Drugovac.
Lipa massacre 30 April 1944 Lipa, near Rijeka 269  Nazi Germany,
 Chetniks,
 RSI 		Massacre of Croat civilians in Lipa, near Rijeka by the SS Police Regiment Bozen, Chetniks and local Italian Fascists, in retaliation for a Partisan ambush near Rupa
Dobranje massacre May 1944 Dobranje 136  Partisans Massacre of Domobrani POWs and Croat civilians by Partisans.
Goražde massacre (1944) May 1944 Goražde c.50  Chetniks Muslims massacred by Chetniks.
Štrpce massacre 30 June 1944 Štrpce 50  Kingdom of Bulgaria Mass execution of Serbs in retaliation for the death of a Bulgarian soldier.
Velika massacre 28 July 1944 Velika, near Plav 428+  SS-"Skanderbeg" Massacre of Serbs, mostly children, women and elderly, by Albanian SS members during Operation Draufgänger.
Zagniezde and Udora massacre 11 September 1944 Zagniezde (Zagnježđe) and Udora (near Bjelojevići, Burmazi and Stolac) ~100+  Nazi Germany On 11 September 1944, under orders from General Fritz Neidholdt, the 369th "Devil's Division" destroyed the Croatian-Muslim villages of Zagniezde (Zagnježđe) and Udora (near Bjelojevići, Burmazi and Stolac), hanging all the men and driving away all the women and children.
Hrvatska Dubica massacre 18–19 September 1944 Hrvatska Dubica c. 55  Ustaše Massacre of mostly Serb victims by Ustaše at Hrvatska Dubica.
Beličica massacre 19 September 1944 Beličica 36 Balli Kombëtar Massacre of Macedonian civilians and captured Partisans by Albanian Balli Kombëtar forces.
Blatec executions September 1944 Blatec 15 Bulgaria Kingdom of Bulgaria 15 Turkish men were executed for resisting to fight in Srem. А ban was imposed on talking about the execution.
Bošnjane massacre 2 October 1944 Bošnjane near Paraćin 55  Chetniks Massacre of Partisan prisoners of war by Chetniks. Victims were tortured before execution.
Prždevo and Besvica massacres 6 October 1944 Demir Kapija municipality 60 Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946) Kingdom of Bulgaria Massacre of the local Turkish and Macedonian population from the villages of Prždevo and Besvica.
Istibanje-Teranci massacres October 1944 Istibanja and Teranci 17 Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Local Turkish population was massacred
Daksa executions October 1944 Daksa c. 53  Partisans Partisans executed around 53 Croat prisoners suspected of being collaborationists
Srijemska Kamenica massacre October 1944 Sremska Kamenica 196  Partisans Massacre of Croat and Šokci men after their arrest by the Partisans.
Communist purges in Serbia October 1944–May 1945 Central Serbia and Vojvodina at least 55,973  Partisans Massacres against people perceived as war criminals, quislings, ideological opponents and ethnic minorities by Partisans. In 2009, the government of Serbia formed a State Commission to investigate the secret burial places of victims. The Commission compiled a registry of names, basic biographical data, and details of persecution. The registry contains a total of 55,973 names, including 27,367 Germans, 14,567 Serbs and 6,112 Hungarians.
Radolišta massacre 28 October 1944 Radolišta 84  Nazi Germany Massacre of Albanian civilians by German forces during an anti-Partisan reprisal.
Flight and expulsion of Germans in Yugoslavia November 1944-March 1948 German-speaking areas of Yugoslavia, especially Banat and other areas c.58,000  Partisans Massacres and killings of German civilians. A total of 48,447 people died in camps; 7,199 were massacred or executed by Partisans, and another 1,994 perished in Soviet labour camps after being deported by Yugoslav authorities.
Zalug massacre December 1944 Zalug near Prijepolje 30  Nazi Germany Massacre of 30 people (17 Serbs and 13 Bosniaks) of all ages by German forces during the retreat through Sandžak
Tovarnik massacre December 1944 Tovarnik 51  Partisans Massacre of 51 Croat and Germans (Volksdeutsche) civilians by Partisans
Bribir massacre December 1944 Bribir 33  Chetniks Croats massacred by Chetniks from the Dinara Division. The village was razed to the ground.
Bloody Christmas 7–9 January 1945 North Macedonia 1,200  Partisans Massacres of ethnic Bulgarians and pro-Bulgarian Macedonians by Yugoslav Partisans.
Široki Brijeg massacre 7–15 February 1945 Široki Brijeg 28  Partisans Massacre of Croatian Franciscan Friars by Partisans, twelve of whom were burned alive.
Frankolovo massacre 12 February 1945 Frankolovo 100  Nazi Germany Slovene hostages shot or hanged in retaliation for a Partisan ambush that fatally wounded the Nazi district administrator of Celje, Anton Dorfmeister.
Kozara massacres 17–22 February 1945 Kozara 140+  Ustaše Massacre of mostly Serb victims by Ustaše at Kozara
Villa Luburić massacre February–April 1945 Sarajevo 323  Ustaše Mass executions of Serbs by Ustaše at the Villa Luburić headquarters in Sarajevo.
Bar massacre March 1945 Bar, Montenegro 400–450 to 1,500–2,000  Partisans Massacre of Albanians by Partisans.
Hrastina massacre 24 April 1945 Hrastina 43  Ustaše Massacre of German Sinti civilians found in hiding.
Jakljan executions May 1945 Jakljan 214  Partisans German prisoners executed by Partisans at Jakljan.
Gračani massacre May 1945 Zagreb 295 (excavated bodies)  Partisans Execution of NDH prisoners of war and local civilians by Partisans.
Kucja Dolina massacre May 1945 Kucja Dolina 800+  Partisans Killing of Slovene and Croat Home Guard prisoners and civilians by Partisans.
Fiume Autonomists purge May 1945 Rijeka and surrounding areas 650  Partisans Partisan and OZNA liquidations of prominent members and supporters of the Rijeka Autonomist Party and the Liburnian Autonomist Movement after the liberation of Rijeka.
Sisak massacre 4 May 1945 Sisak, Croatia c. 500  Ustaše Executions of Serbs a few hours before the town was liberated.
Pečovnik massacre 8–9 May 1945 Pečovnik 12,000  Partisans Killing of Croat POWs and civilians by Partisans.
Tezno massacre 19–26 May 1945 Tezno, near Maribor 15,000  Partisans Execution of NDH prisoners of war and civilians by Partisans.
Kočevski Rog massacre Late May 1945 Kočevski Rog 10,000–12,000  Partisans Execution of Slovene Home Guard members, Croat, Serb and Montenegrin collaborationists, Italian and German troops, by the Partisans.
Macelj massacre May–June 1945 Macelj 1,163 (excavated bodies)  Partisans Execution of NDH prisoners and local civilians by Partisan forces
Barbara Pit massacre 25 May–6 June 1945 Huda Jama 1,416  Partisans Croat and Slovene POWs with their families killed by Partisans for reprisal.

See also

References

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  244. Paul Mojzes (2011). Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 127–28. ISBN 978-1-4422-0663-2. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  245. "Macelj - gora zločina!". Večernji list (in Croatian). 16 May 2012. Archived from the original on 6 June 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  246. "Reburial of Huda Jama victims concluded". Slovenian Press Agency. 26 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  247. "Stratišta: "U iskapanju Hude jame Hrvati nam moraju pomoći, tamo su oni ubijali svoje"". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2015.

Sources

Books
Reports
  • Nedeljković, Dušan (1946). Report on Italian crimes against Yugoslavia and its peoples (Report). Državna komisija za utvrđivanje zločina okupatora i njihovih pomagača.
  • United States. Department of State; United States. War Department; International Military Tribunal (1946). Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression (Report). Vol. 1. U.S. Government Printing Office.
Journals
Conference papers and proceedings
  • Matović, Ivan, ed. (2012). Zločini četničkog pokreta u Srbiji 1941-1945: Zbornik radova sa okruglog stola održanog 25.9.2012. godine.
  • SANU (1995). Genocid nad Srbima u II svetskom ratu. Muzej žrtava genocida i Srpska književna zadruga. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
Web
Lists of massacres
By past country
or territory
By country
or territory
By war
By group
See also

Categories: