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List of metonyms

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The following is a list of common metonyms. A metonym is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. For instance, "Westminster", a borough of London in the United Kingdom, could be used as a metonym for the country's government.

Objects

Word or phrase Original / literal use Metonymic use
bar The bar in a courtroom that separates judges and lawyers from laypeople All the lawyers licensed to practise law in a certain court or jurisdiction
bed Furniture used for sleeping or reclining Sexual relations between individuals
bench The location in a courtroom where a judge sits when presiding over a court All the judges of a court or jurisdiction; members of a judiciary; the presiding officer (judge) in a court
boots on the ground   Footwear worn by soldiers Combat troops deployed in a geographic area (as opposed to those awaiting deployment and/or in aircraft or ships offshore)
box office A place where tickets are sold, in this example, for movies. A term to describe how well a film is doing. "The film is a hit at the box office."
brass A metal alloy (used for or in the manufacture of e.g. buttons, insignia and a family of musical instruments) Military and police officers, often also referring to managers/bosses outside the uniformed
bullpen The area of a baseball field used by relief pitchers to warm up for a game A baseball team's roster of relief pitchers
cap White silk hats given to players each time they played for the England national football team A player's appearance in a game at the international level
china The country China Chinese porcelain or other types of ceramic
city hall A city's chief administrative building Local government or, more pejoratively, government in general
corner office An office on a building corner with more windows Corporate leadership, or the Governor of Massachusetts (see below)
crown / Crown A type of monarchical headwear Monarchy, especially the British monarchy (as "The Crown")
dish An item used for serving food A course of a meal, or the foundation of a course (usually the main course)
gun A firearm An assassin, mercenary or soldier (as in "hired gun")
lead A heavy metal used to manufacture ammunition Bullets
mortal Subject to death Human
pink slip A discharge notice (historically, a pink coloured slip of paper in an employee's pay envelope) A layoff or termination of employment
press A machine used to print newspapers Journalists, reporters, or others who write or announce the news
record label The circular label in the center of a vinyl record displaying the manufacturer's name A music company involved in producing, marketing, and distributing music recordings and music videos
red tape Tape that is coloured red An over-bureaucratic process
shovels in the ground   Digging in the soil using a variety of tools or machines Commencement of a construction project – usually one that is major or infrastructural
slate a writing tablet made of slate a written record of a debt, particularly in a small shop or public house
suits Business attire (plural) Business executives and lawyers
sweat Perspiration Hard (physical) work
tongue Oral muscle A language or dialect

Places

Africa

Word or phrase Original / literal use Metonymic use
Ikulu The official residence of the president of Tanzania The State House and its administration

Asia

Word or phrase Original / literal use Metonymic use
Bangalore A city in Southern India The Indian technology industry
Beijing The capital of China The Chinese government, particularly the leadership
Fukushima A city in Japan The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and subsequent Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
Hiroshima and Nagasaki Two cities in southwestern Japan The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the Allied forces in August 1945
Malacañang Official Residence of the President of the Philippines The Philippine Government, particularly the President, the Cabinet and his advisers, and the officials under Office of the President of the Philippines.
Raisina Hill A Hill in Lutyens' Delhi, New Delhi The seat of the Government of India
Zhongnanhai A former imperial garden adjacent to an eponymous lake in central Beijing, now used as residences The leadership of the Chinese government
Zion A mountain located in Israel The city of Jerusalem or the people associated with it

Europe

Word or phrase Original / literal use Metonymic use
10 Downing Street
("Number 10") 		The official residence of the prime minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister and his/her staff, often meaning more broadly the UK Government
Brussels The capital of Belgium The government of the European Union
Buckingham Palace or the Palace A large building in London that is the official residence of the reigning British sovereign The British royal family and its staff
The City The City of London, the part of Central London, England, that has the longest continuous recorded history The financial (and related) institutions in the United Kingdom
Davos A town in Switzerland The World Economic Forum
Fleet Street A street in the City of London The British national press
The Hague A city in the Netherlands The International Criminal Court or International Court of Justice, both of which have their seat in the city
Hillsborough Hillsborough an area of Sheffield, United Kingdom and location of Hillsborough Stadium. The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 where 97 Liverpool F.C. fans died in a human crush. Also used as a word for police corruption and cover-up.
Holyrood An area in Edinburgh The Scottish Parliament, which is located in that area, or more generally the Scottish Government
Horse Guards A cavalry barracks at Whitehall, London Commander-in-chief of the British army and his staff before 1857
Hrad ("The Castle") The Prague Castle and official residence and office of the president of the Czech Republic The president of the Czech Republic and his or her staff, and also the Czech Republic as a whole
Kastilja or Castile Auberge de Castille, an 18th-century auberge in the Maltese capital Valletta The Office of the Prime Minister of Malta
The Kremlin A historic type of Russian fortress or citadel The Moscow Kremlin and/or the Russian presidential administration; historically, any Russian or Soviet government (e.g. Kremlinology)
M25 A motorway circling the London conurbation London, or the Greater London urban area, though the two boundaries do not precisely coincide
North of Watford Watford Gap, a low point in a hill range used as a divide between North and South England The North of England
Quai d'Orsay A wharf and adjoining street in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development, which is located at 37 Quai d'Orsay
Savile Row A short street in central London The high-quality bespoke men's suits made by tailors' shops on the street
Scotland Yard The original public entrance (via "Great Scotland Yard") to the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police Service London or British police, especially detectives
Stormont An estate in County Down, east of Belfast The Northern Ireland Assembly
Sublime Porte A gate giving access to a block of government buildings in Istanbul, Turkey The Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire (sometimes, more specifically, its foreign policies and relations)
Tamminiemi A villa in Helsinki and a former official residence of the president of Finland Historically the president of Finland, mostly associated with Urho Kekkonen
Threadneedle Street A street in the City of London The Bank of England and/or its directors
The Vatican A small sovereign state located in Rome, Italy The Holy See, and the Roman Catholic Church in general
Westminster A part of Central London, England The Parliament of the United Kingdom
Whitehall A street in the City of Westminster borough of London The Civil Service of the United Kingdom, or more generally the Government of the United Kingdom; the term is often used in a similar context to "Westminster" (above)

North America

Word or phrase Original / literal use Metonymic use
Armonk Armonk, New York, where the headquarters of IBM is located IBM
Bay Street A street in downtown Toronto The Canadian financial sector, since the Toronto Stock Exchange, and the headquarters of the five major Canadian banks, are located there
Beacon Hill A neighborhood in Boston The state government of Massachusetts
Beverly Hills Beverly Hills, California, a rich enclave of Los Angeles Rich and famous people
Broadway A street in Manhattan, New York City Broadway theatre; sometimes, although less accurately, commercial American theatre in general
Capitol Hill or the Hill A neighborhood in Washington, D.C. The United States Congress
Cooperstown A village in upstate New York The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, located in Cooperstown, New York
Columbine An unincorporated community in Colorado The Columbine High School massacre, or school shootings generally
Corner office An office on a building corner with more windows Corporate leadership (see above) or the office of the Governor of Massachusetts in the Massachusetts State House
Cupertino A city in California Apple Inc., whose headquarters are located there
Detroit The largest city in Michigan The American automobile industry
Fifth Avenue A street in Manhattan, New York City The upscale retailers that are generally located along it
The fifth floor The floor of a building above the fourth floor The Mayor of Chicago and his or her staff, since their offices are on that floor of city hall
Foggy Bottom A neighborhood in Washington, D.C. The United States Department of State
Hollywood A district of Los Angeles, California The American film industry
Houston A city in Texas NASA's Johnson Space Center, its Mission Control Center within, or NASA in general (from the call sign used by astronauts to contact Mission Control)
K Street A street in downtown Washington, D.C. The American lobbying industry
Langley A small suburb of Washington, D.C., in Virginia The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency
Madison Avenue A street in Manhattan, New York City The American advertising industry
Main Street Shopping street of a town, traditionally the site of shops, banks, and local businesses Local businesses or the "middle class" generally
Menlo Park A city in California Facebook (now Meta), whose headquarters are located there
Mountain View A city in California Google, whose headquarters are located there
Nashville The capital of the U.S. state of Tennessee The country music industry
Ottawa The capital of Canada The Government of Canada
Pearl Harbor The natural harbor on the coast of Oahu island, Hawaii The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on 7 December 1941
Redmond A town near Seattle, Washington Microsoft, whose headquarters are located there
The Pentagon A pentagonal building in Arlington County, Virginia The United States Department of Defense (whose headquarters is housed by the Pentagon building)
Queen's Park An urban park in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada The Ontario Legislative Building (which is located within the park) and/or the provincial government of Ontario
Sand Hill Road A street in Menlo Park, California The venture capital firms that fund startups in the American high-tech industry
Sandy Hook An elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut The mass shooting at the school on 14 December 2012
Selma Selma, Alabama The U.S. civil rights movement or backlash against the movement
Seventh Avenue A street in Manhattan, New York City The American fashion industry
Silicon Valley San Jose and its suburbs on the southwest side of San Francisco Bay The American high-tech industry
Tin Pan Alley A block along 28th Street in Manhattan The American popular music industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Wall Street A street in Manhattan, New York City The American financial markets or "big business" more generally
Washington Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States The federal government of the United States
Watergate The Watergate Hotel and Office Building in Washington, D.C. The political scandal exposed after a burglary at the Watergate Hotel
The White House The official residence of the president of the United States The Executive Office of the President of the United States (the president of the United States and staff)

South America

Word or phrase Original / literal use Metonymic use
Itamaraty Itamaraty Palace in Brasília, former headquarters of the Ministry of External Relations of Brazil. The Brazilian ministry of Foreign Affairs and its diplomats
Jonestown A remote settlement established by the Peoples Temple cult in northwestern Guyana The massacre which occurred on 18 November 1978 in which 918 people died

Oceania

Word or phrase Original / literal use Metonymic use
Canberra The capital of Australia The Government of Australia

Numbers

Word or phrase Original / literal use Metonymic use
9/11 The date September 11 (in American date format) The September 11 attacks

Notes

  1. Since metonymy – the process by which metonyms are formed – is a productive process, new metonyms can always be created. This list cannot include all metonyms, but only some of those that are identified as common.
  2. Technically, 10 Downing Street is the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, not the prime minister. However, the two offices have been held by the same person since the early 20th century.

References

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