Philosophers born in the 18th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:
- Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
A
- Jacob Friedrich von Abel, (1751–1829)
- John Abercrombie, (1780–1844)
- Johann Heinrich Abicht, (1762–1816)
- John Adams, (1735–1826)
- Francesco Algarotti, (1712–1764)
- Archibald Alison, (1757–1839)
- John Allen, (1771–1843)
- Anton Wilhelm Amo, (1703 – c. 1759)
- Robert Aspland, (1782–1845)
- Georg Anton Friedrich Ast, (1778–1841)
- John Austin, (1790–1859)
- Pierre Hyacinthe Azais, (1766–1845)
B
- Franz Xaver von Baader, (1765–1841)
- Charles Babbage, (1791–1871)
- Samuel Bailey, (1791–1870)
- Pierre-Simon Ballanche, (1776–1847)
- John Ballantyne, (1778–1830)
- Christoph Gottfried Bardili, (1761–1808)
- Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, (1714–1762)
- James Beattie, (1735–1803)
- Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria, (1738–1794)
- Jacob Sigismund Beck, (1761–1840)
- Charles Bell, (1774–1842)
- Thomas Belsham, (1750–1829)
- William Belsham, (1752–1829)
- Friedrich Eduard Beneke, (1798–1854)
- Jeremy Bentham, (1748–1832)
- William Blackstone, (1723–1780)
- Hugh Blair, (1718–1800)
- William Blake, (1757–1827)
- Robert Blakey, (1795–1878)
- Bernard Bolzano, (1781–1848)*
- Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald, (1754–1840)
- Charles Bonnet, (1720–1793)
- Rudjer Boscovich, (1711–1787)
- David Brewster, (1781–1868)
- Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, (1755–1826)
- Benjamin Collins Brodie, (1783–1862)
- Henry Brougham, (1778–1868)
- Thomas Brown, (1778–1820)
- Robert Buchanan, (1786–1873)
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, (1707–1788)
- William Burdon, (1764–1818)
- Edmund Burke, (1729–1797)
- Lawrence Butterworth, (1740–1828)
C
- Pierre Jean George Cabanis, (1757–1808)
- George Campbell, (1719–1796)
- Thomas Carlyle, (1795–1881)
- Petr Iakovlevich Chaadev, (1794–1856)
- Heinrich Moritz Chalybäus, (1796–1862)
- Chang Hsueh-ch'eng (or Zhang Xuecheng), (1738–1801)
- Tasan Chông Yagyong, (1762–1836)
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge, (1772–1834)
- Auguste Comte, (1798–1857)
- Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, (1715–1780)
- Marquis de Condorcet, (1743–1794)
- Benjamin Constant, (1767–1830)
- Victor Cousin, (1792–1867)
- Johann Ulrich von Cramer, (1706–1772)
- Christian August Crusius, (1715–1775)
D
- Jean le Rond d'Alembert, (1717–1783)
- Joseph de Maistre, (1753–1821)
- Emerich de Vattel, (1714–1767)
- Denis Diderot, (1713–1784)
- Émilie du Châtelet, (1706–1749)
E
- Johann Augustus Eberhard, (1739–1809)
- Jonathan Edwards, (1703–1758)
F
- Adam Ferguson, (1723–1816)
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte, (1762–1814)
- Immanuel Hermann Fichte, (1797–1879)
- David Fordyce, (1711–1751)
- Charles Fourier, (1772–1837)
- Benjamin Franklin, (1706–1790)
- Jakob Friedrich Fries, (1773–1843)
G
- Alexander Gerard, (1728–1795)
- Giacinto Sigismondo Gerdil, (1718–1802)
- Thomas Gisbourne, (1758–1846)
- William Godwin, (1756–1836)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, (1749–1832)
- George Grote, (1794–1871)
H
- Johann Georg Hamann, (1730–1788)
- Sir William Hamilton, (1788–1856)
- Renn Dickson Hampden, (1793–1868)
- David Hartley, (1705–1757)
- Julius Charles Hare, (1795–1855)
- Graves Chamney Haughton, (1788–1849)
- Laetitia Matilda Hawkins, (1759–1851)
- David Ramsay Hay, (1798–1866)
- Mary Hays, (1760–1843)
- Francis Haywood, (1798–1858)
- William Hazlitt, (1778–1830)
- G.W.F. Hegel, (1770–1831)
- Claude Adrien Helvétius, (1715–1771)
- Johann Friedrich Herbart, (1776–1841)
- Johann Gottfried Herder, (1744–1803)
- John Herschel, (1792–1871)
- Samuel Heywood, (1753–1828)
- Laurens Perseus Hickok, (1798–1888)
- Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs, (1794–1861)
- Thomas Hodgskin, (1787–1869)
- Josef Hoëné-Wronski, (1778–1853)
- Baron d'Holbach, (1723–1789)
- Friedrich Hölderlin, (1770–1843)
- John Hoppus, (1789–1875)
- Wilhelm von Humboldt, (1767–1835)*
- David Hume, (1711–1776)
I
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J
- Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, (1743–1819)
- Thomas Jefferson, (1743–1826)
- Alexander Bryan Johnson, (1786–1867)
- Dr. Samuel Johnson, (1709–1784)
- Théodore Simon Jouffroy, (1796–1842)
K
- Theophilos Kairis (1784–1853)
- Immanuel Kant, (1724–1804)*
- Heinrich von Kleist, (1777–1811)
- Richard Payne Knight, (1750–1824)
- Martin Knutzen, (1713–1751)
- Hugo Kołłątaj, (1750–1812)
- Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, (1781–1832)
- Nachman Krochmal, (1785–1840)
- Wilhelm Traugott Krug, (1770–1842)
L
- Julien Offray de La Mettrie, (1709–1751)
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, (1744–1829)
- Johann Heinrich Lambert, (1728–1777)
- Lamennais, (1752–1854)
- Pierre-Simon Laplace, (1749–1827)
- Pierre Laromiguière, (1756–1837)
- Giacomo Leopardi, (1798–1837)
- Pierre Leroux, (1798–1871)
- Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, (1729–1781)
- Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, (1742–1799)
- Carl Linnaeus, (1707–1778)
M
- Gabriel Bonnot de Mably, (1709–1785)
- Salomon Maimon (or Salomon ben Joshua), (1753–1800)
- Maine de Biran, (1766–1824)
- Moses Mendelssohn, (1729–1786)
- James Mill, (1773–1836)
- John Millar, (1735–1801)
- Lord Monboddo (or James Burnett), (1714–1799)
- Motoori Norinaga, (1730–1801)
N
- Novalis, (1772–1801)
O
- Lorenz Oken, (1779–1851)
- James Oswald, (1703–1793)
P
- Thomas Paine, (1737–1809)
- William Paley, (1743–1805)
- Thomas Percival, (1740–1804)
- Issac de Pinto, (1715–1787)
- Richard Price, (1723–1791)
- Joseph Priestley, (1733–1804)
Q
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R
- Daniel Raymond, (1786–1849)
- August Wilhelm Rehberg, (fl. late 18th century)*
- Thomas Reid, (1710–1796)
- Karl Leonhard Reinhold, (1757–1823)
- David Ricardo, (1772–1823)
- Antonio Rosmini-Serbati, (1797–1855)
- Jean Jacques Rousseau, (1712–1778)
- Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, (1760–1825)
- Pierre Paul Royer-Collard, (1763–1845)
S
- Mulla Hadi Sabzevari, (1797–1873)
- Marquis de Sade, (1740–1814)
- Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, (1760–1825)
- Friedrich Carl von Savigny, (1779–1861)
- Friedrich Schelling, (1775–1852)
- Friedrich Schiller, (1759–1805)
- Friedrich von Schlegel, (1772–1829)*
- Friedrich Schleiermacher, (1768–1834)
- Arthur Schopenhauer, (1788–1860)
- Gottlob Ernst Schulze, (1761–1833)
- Shah Wali Allah (or Qutb al-Din Ahmad al-Rahim or Waliullah), (1703–1762)
- Lady Mary Shepherd, (1777–1847)
- Heinrich Christoph Wilhelm Sigwart, (1789–1844)
- Hryhori Skovoroda, (1722–1794)
- Adam Smith, (1723–1790)
- Jan Sniadecki, (1756–1830)
- Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger, (1780–1890)
- Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, (1766–1817)
- Stanisław Staszic, (1755–1826)
- Dugald Stewart, (1753–1828)
T
- Tai Chen (or Dai Zhen or Tai Tung-Yuan), (1724–1777)
- Johannes Nikolaus Tetens, (1736–1807)
- William Thompson, (1775–1833)
- Tominaga Nakamoto, (1715–1746)
- Abraham Tucker, (1705–1774)
U
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V
- Emerich de Vattel, (1714–1767)
- Vauvenargues, (1715–1747)
W
- William Whewell, (1794–1866)
- John Witherspoon, (1723–1794)
- Mary Wollstonecraft, (1759–1797)
X
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Y
- Yü Cheng-hsieh, (1775–1840)
Z
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See also
- List of philosophers
- 18th-century philosophy
- List of philosophers born in the centuries BC
- List of philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries
- List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries
- List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries
- List of philosophers born in the 17th century
- List of philosophers born in the 19th century
- List of philosophers born in the 20th century
Notes
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8
- The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0
- The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 2005. ISBN 0-19-926479-1
- Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge; 2000. ISBN 0-415-22364-4
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century British Philosophers. Thoemmes Press; 2002. ISBN 1-85506-955-5