Misplaced Pages

This list is of prehistoric mammals known from the fossil record of the Japanese archipelago. For extant mammals from the area, see List of mammals of Japan (which includes the recently extinct species on the IUCN Red List and its domestic counterpart the Ministry of the Environment Red List). Other species that have gone extinct in historic times and extant species that have been locally extirpated and no longer form part of the fauna of Japan but are known from the fossil or subfossil record are additionally listed at the bottom of this page.

Mesozoic

Cenozoic

Order	Clade	Family	Genus	Species	Synonyms	Image	Age
†Cimolesta	†Pantodonta	†Coryphodontidae		†Coryphodontidae sp.			Early–Middle Eocene
			†Asiocoryphodon [es]	†Asiocoryphodon sp.
	†Tillodontia	†Esthonychidae [ru]	†Trogosus	†Trogosus cf. T. latidens
			†Higotherium	†H. hypsodon Miyata & Tomida, 1998			Middle Eocene
Proboscidea	†Gomphotherioidea	†Gomphotheriidae	†Gomphotherium	†G. annectens [species]	Hemimastodon annectens Matsumoto, 1924		Early Miocene
					Bunolophodon yokotii Makiyama, 1938
			†Sinomastodon	†S. sendaicus [it]	Trilophodon sendaicus Matsumoto, 1924		Early Pliocene
	Elephantoidea	†Stegodontidae	†Stegolophodon	†S. pseudolatidens	Eostegodon pseudolatidens Yabe, 1950		Miocene
					Stegolophodon tsudai Shikama & Kirii, 1956
					Stegolophodon miyokoae Hatai, 1959
			†Stegodon	†S. miensis [ja]	Stegodon clifti miensis Matsumoto, 1941		Pliocene
					Stegolophodon shinshuensis Fossil Elephant Research Group, 1979
					Stegodon bombifrons Itsukaichi Stegodon Research Group, 1980
					Stegodon cf. elephantoides
				†S. protoaurorae [ja] Aiba, Baba & Matsukawa, 2010			Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene
				†S. aurorae	Elephas aurorae Matsumoto, 1918		Early Pleistocene
					Parastegodon? kwantoensis Tokunaga, 1934
					Parastegodon sugiyamai Tokunaga, 1935
					Parastegodon akashiensis Takai, 1936
					Parastegodon infrequens Shikama, 1937
					Stegodon shodoensis (partim)
				†S. orientalis	Stegodon orientalis shodoensis Matsumoto, 1924		Middle Pleistocene
		Elephantidae	†Palaeoloxodon	†P. naumanni	Elephas namadicus naumanni Makiyama, 1924		Middle–Late Pleistocene
					Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) tokunagai Matsumoto, 1924
					Elephas indicus buski Matsumoto, 1927
					Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) namadica yabei Matsumoto, 1929
					Palaeoloxodon yokohamanus Tokunaga, 1934
					Palaeoloxodon aomoriensis Tokunaga & Takai, 1936
					Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) namadicus setoensis Makiyama, 1929
			†Mammuthus	†M. trogontherii	Euelephas protomammonteus Matsumoto, 1924		Early Pleistocene
					Parelephas protomammonteus proximus Matsumoto, 1926
					Parelephas protomammonteus typicus Matsumoto, 1926
					Elephas primigenius matsumotoi Dietrich, 1927
					Parelephas proximus uehataensis Shikama, 1937
					Archidiskodon paramammonteus shigensis Matsumoto & Ozaki, 1959
				†M. primigenius			Late Pleistocene
Sirenia		Dugongidae	†Dusisiren	†D. dewana [species] Takahashi, Domning & Saito, 1986			Late Miocene
				†D. takasatensis [species] Kobayashi, Horikawa & Miyazaki, 1995
			†Hydrodamalis	†H. spissa Furusawa, 1988			Late Pliocene
Lagomorpha		Ochotonidae	†Alloptox [es]	†A. japonicus Tomida, 2012			Early Miocene
Rodentia	Hystricomorpha			Ctenodactyloidea sp.			Early–Middle Eocene
		Diatomyidae	†Diatomys	†D. shantungensis			Early Miocene
	Castorimorpha	Castoridae	†Steneofiber	†Steneofiber sp.			Late Oligocene
			†Youngofiber	†Y. sinensis	Trogontherium sinensis Young, 1955		Early Miocene
			†Minocastor	†M. godai Mörs, Tomida & Kalthoff, 2016
			†Euroxenomys	†E. nanus Mörs & Tomida, 2018
	†Eomyoidea	†Eomyidae	†Megapeomys	†M. repenningi Tomida, 2011			Early Miocene
			†Japaneomys [zh]	†J. yasunoi Kimura et al., 2019
	Myomorpha	Cricetidae	Microtus	†M. epiratticepoides Kawamura, 1988			Middle–Late Pleistocene
			Clethrionomys	†C. japonicus Kawamura, 1988			Middle Pleistocene
			Cricetulus	Cricetulus sp.
		Muridae	Niviventer	Niviventer sp.			Late Pleistocene-Holocene
			Rattus	†R. miyakoensis Kawaguchi, Kaneko & Hasegawa, 2009			Late Pleistocene
Primates	Haplorhini	Cercopithecidae	†Kanagawapithecus	†K. leptopostorbitalis [species]	Dolichopithecus (Kanagawapithecus) leptopostorbitalis Iwamoto, Hasegawa & Koizumi, 2005		Pliocene
	Strepsirrhini	†Sivaladapidae		†Sivaladapidae sp.			Early–Middle Eocene
Eulipotyphla		†Plesiosoricidae [pt]	†Plesiosorex [it]	†P. fejfari Oshima, Tomida & Orihara, 2017			Early Miocene
		Soricidae	†Shikamainosorex	†S. densicingulata [species] Hasegawa, 1957			Middle Pleistocene
			Anourosorex	†A. japonicus Shikama & Hasegawa, 1958			Late Pleistocene
Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	Vespertilionidae	†Pleistomyotis	†P. longihumeralis			Middle Pleistocene
			Myotis	†M. okafujii
				†M. beppuensis
†Desmostylia			†Behemotops	†B. katsuiei Inuzuka, 2000			Late Oligocene
		†Desmostylidae	†Ashoroa	†A. laticosta Inuzuka, 2000
			†Desmostylus	†D. japonicus Tokunaga & Iwasaki, 1914			Miocene
		†Paleoparadoxiidae	†Paleoparadoxia	†P. tabatai	Cornwallius tabatai Tokunaga, 1939
				†P. media Inuzuka, 2005
Artiodactyla	Suina	Suidae		Suidae indet.	Palaeochoerus japonicus Takai, 1954		Early Miocene
			†Hyotherium	†H. shanwangense			Middle Miocene
	Cetancodontamorpha	†Entelodontidae	†Entelodon	†E. gobiensis			Late Eocene
				†Dichobunoidea sp.			Middle–Late Eocene
		†Anthracotheriidae	†Bothriogenys	†Bothriogenys sp.			Late Eocene
			†Bothriodon	†B. sandaensis Tsubamoto et al., 2007			Middle–Late Eocene
			†Elomeryx	†E. japonicus	Brachyodus japonicus Matsumoto, 1925		Middle Oligocene
	Cetacea		†Sinanodelphis	†S. izumidaensis [species] Makiyama, 1936			Miocene
		Delphinidae	†Eodelphinus	†E. kabatensis	Stenella kabatensis Horikawa, 1977
			†Norisdelphis	†N. annakaensis [uk] Kimura & Hasegawa, 2020
			Pseudorca	†P. yokoyamai Matsumoto, 1926			Pliocene
			Orcinus	†O. paleorca	Orca paleorca Matsumoto, 1937		Early Pleistocene
		†Kentriodontidae	†Kentriodon	†K. sugawarai [species] Guo & Kohno, 2021			Early–Middle Miocene
				†K. hobetsu [species] Ichishima, 1994			Middle Miocene
		Monodontidae	†Haborodelphis	†H. japonicus [species] Ichishima et al., 2018			Early Pliocene
		Phocoenidae	†Miophocaena	†M. nishinoi Murakami et al., 2012			Late Miocene
			†Archaeophocaena	†A. teshioensis Murakami et al., 2012
			†Pterophocaena	†P. nishinoi Murakami et al., 2012
			†Haborophocoena	†H. toyoshimai [species] Ichishima & Kimura, 2005			Early Pliocene
				†H. minutus [species] Ichishima & Kimura, 2009
			†Numataphocoena	†N. yamashitai [species] Ichishima & Kimura, 2000
		Ziphiidae	Berardius	†B. kobayashii Kawatani & Kohno, 2021			Middle–Late Miocene
		†Allodelphinidae	†Ninjadelphis	†N. ujiharai [species] Kimura & Barnes, 2016			Early Miocene
			†Awadelphis	†A. hirayamai Murakami, 2016			Late Miocene
			†Miophyseter	†M. chitaensis Kimura & Hasegawa, 2022			Early Miocene
			†Brygmophyseter	†B. shigensis	Scaldicetus shigensis Hirota & Barnes, 1994		Middle Miocene
		†Eomysticetidae	†Yamatocetus	†Y. canaliculatus Okazaki, 2012			Late Oligocene
		Balaenidae	†Idiocetus	†I. tsugarensis Matsumoto, 1926			Late Miocene
			†Archaeobalaena	†A. dosanko [species] Tanaka, Furusawa & Kimura, 2020			Early Pliocene
			†Taikicetus	†T. inouei Tanaka, Ando & Sawamura, 2018			Middle Miocene
			†Isanacetus	†I. laticephalus [species] Kimura & Ozawa, 2002			Early Miocene
			†Diorocetus	†D. chichibuensis [ja] Yoshida, Kimura & Hasegawa, 2003			Miocene
				†D. shobarensis [ja] Otsuka & Ota, 2008			Middle Miocene
			†Parietobalaena	†P. yamaokai [species] Otsuka & Ota, 2008
		Cetotheriidae	†Hibacetus	†H. hirosei [species] Otsuka & Ota, 2008
			†Joumocetus	†J. shimizui Kimura & Hasegawa, 2010			Late Miocene
		Balaenopteridae	Eschrichtius	†E. akishimaensis Kimura, Hasegawa & Kohno, 2018			Early Pleistocene
	Ruminantia			Cervoidea indet.	Amphitragulus minoensis Matsumoto, 1918		Early Miocene
		Cervidae	†Dicrocerus	†D. tokunagai Matsumoto, 1927
			†Cervavus	†C. oweni hirabayashii Tokunaga, 1926			Late Miocene
			†Metaplatyceros	†M. sequoiae Shikama, 1941			Late Pliocene
			Axis	†A. japonicus	Cervus (Axis) japonicus Otsuka, 1967		Early Pleistocene
					Axis kyushuensis
			Elaphurus	†E. akashiensis	Cervus akasiensis Shikama, 1941		Late Pliocene
				†E. bifurcatus shikamai	Elaphurus shikamai [ja] Otsuka, 1968		Early Pleistocene
				†E. davidianus tamaensis	Elaphurus (Elaphurus) tamaensis Shikama & Hasegawa, 1976
				†E. davidianus menziesianus	Capreolus (Capreolina) mayai Tokunaga & Takai, 1936		Middle–Late Pleistocene
					Elaphurus mayai
			Cervus	†C. (Nipponicervus) kazusensis	Cervus (Sika) kazusensis Matsumoto, 1926		Pleistocene
					Cervus (Deperetia) trassaerti Shikama, 1941
					Cervus (Deperetia) urbanus Shikama, 1941
					Cervus (Anoglochis) praenipponicus [ja] Shikama, 1936
					Cervus (Deperetia) naorai Shikama, 1936
					Cervus (Nipponicervus?) takaoi Otsuka & Shikama, 1977
					Cervus (Deperetia) shimabarensis Otsuka, 1967
				†C. astylodon	Muntiacus astylodon Matsumoto, 1926
					Cervus (Rucervus) riukiuensis Matsumoto, 1926
				†C. greyi katokiyomasai	Cervus (Rucervus) katokiyomasai Shikama & Hasegawa, 1965
					Cervus (Sika) natsumei Matsumoto, 1938
					Cervus (Sika) paleoezoensis Otsuka & Shikama, 1977
				†C. kyushuensis	Cervus (Rusa) kyushuensis Otsuka, 1966		Early Pleistocene
				†C. akiyoshiensis	Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensis Otsuka, 1977		Late Pleistocene
			†Sinomegaceros	†S. yabei [ja]	Cervus (Sinomegaceros) yabei Shikama, 1938		Pleistocene
					Megaceros kinryuensis Matsumoto & Mori, 1956
Megaceros (Sinomegaceros) ordosianus minor Kamei, 1958
Giraffa (Orasius?) nipponica Matsumoto, 1926
Capreolus			†C. tokunagai [species] Otuka, 1941	Capreolus miyakoensis Hasegawa, Otsuka & Nohara, 1973		Pleistocene–Holocene
Bovidae		Bubalus	Bubalus sp.			Middle Pleistocene
		Bison	†B. hanaizumiensis [species]	Leptobison hanaizumiensis Matsumoto & Mori, 1956		Late Pleistocene
			†B. priscus
		Capricornis	†C. (?) nikitini	Naemorhedus nikitini Shikama, 1949		Pleistocene
Perissodactyla		†Hyopsodontidae	†Hyopsodus	†Hyopsodus sp.			Early–Middle Eocene
	Hippomorpha	†Brontotheriidae		†Brontotheriidae sp.
		Equidae	†Anchitherium	†Anchitherium aff. A. gobiense	Anchitherium hypohippoides Matsumoto, 1921		Early Miocene
	†Ancylopoda	†Isectolophidae	†Isectolophus [it]	†Isectolophus sp.			Early–Middle Eocene
		†Chalicotheriidae		†Schizotheriinae sp.			Early Miocene
	Tapiroidea	†Helaletidae	†Plesiocolopirus	†P. grangeri	Desmatotherium grangeri Tokunaga, 1933		Middle Eocene
				†P. kushiroensis [ja]	Colodon kushiroensis Tomida, 1983		Middle Eocene–Early Oligocene
		Tapiridae	†Plesiotapirus	†P. yagii [species]	Palaeotapirus yagii Matsumoto, 1921		Early Miocene
	Rhinocerotoidea	†Hyrachyidae [nl]	†Hyrachyus	cf. †Hyrachyus sp.			Early–Middle Eocene
		†Amynodontidae	†Zaisanamynodon	†Zaisanamynodon cf. Z. protheroi			Middle–Late Eocene
				cf. †Z. borisovi			Late Eocene
			†Amynodon [it]	†A. watanabei	†Amynodon (?) watanabei Tokunaga, 1926		Middle–Late Eocene
		Rhinocerotidae	†Brachypotherium	†B. pugnator	Teleoceras (Brachypotherium) pugnator Matsumoto, 1921		Early Miocene
					Chilotherium pugnator
					Teleoceras (?) kaniensis Tokunaga, 1926
					Teleoceras (?) tokiensis Tokunaga, 1926
			†Plesiaceratherium	†Plesiaceratherium sp.
			†Stephanorhinus	†S. kirchbergensis	Dicerorhinus nipponicus Shikama, 1967		Middle Pleistocene
					Rhinoceros shindoi Tokunaga, 1931
Carnivora		†Miacidae		†Miacidae sp.			Early–Middle Eocene
	Feliformia	Felidae	Panthera	†P. youngi	Felis youngi		Middle Pleistocene
			Felis	†F. microtus			Pleistocene
	†Amphicyonoidea	†Amphicyonidae	†Ysengrinia	†Ysengrinia sp.			Middle Miocene
	Canoidea	Canidae	Canis	†C. falconeri			Early Pleistocene
			Cuon	Cuon sp.			Middle Pleistocene
			Nyctereutes	†N. viverrinus nipponicus Shikama, 1949			Pleistocene
	Musteloidea	Ailuridae	†Parailurus	†Parailurus sp.			Early–Middle Pliocene
		Mustelidae	Meles	†M. mukasianakuma Shikama, 1949			Middle Pleistocene
				†M. leucurus kuzuuensis Shikama, 1949
			Martes	†M. ten [species] Shikama, 1949			Pleistocene
			†Enhydrictis	†E. (Oriensictis) nipponica	Lutra nipponica Naora, 1968		Middle Pleistocene
					Oriensictis nipponica
			Mustela	†M. constricta
				†M. kuzuuensis	Putorius kuzuuensis Shikama, 1949		Late Pleistocene
	Pinnipedia	†Desmatophocidae	†Allodesmus	†A. uraiporensis [species] Tonomori et al., 2018			Middle Miocene
				†A. naorai [species] Kohno, 1996
				†A. sinanoensis	Eumetopias sinanoensis Nagao, 1941
					Megagomphos sinanoensis
					Allodesmus megallos Hirota, 1995
					Allodesmus sadoensis Hirota, 1995
				†Allodesmus sp.
		Otariidae	†Thalassoleon	†T. inouei Kohno, 1992			Pliocene
			†Oriensarctos	†O. watasei [species]	Eumetopias watasei Matsumoto, 1925		Early Pleistocene
			Callorhinus	†C. gilmorei			Pliocene
				Otariidae sp.	Eumetopias ojiyaensis [species] Horikawa, 1981		Late Pleistocene
		Odobenidae	†Prototaria	†P. planicephala Kohno, 1994			Middle Miocene
				†P. primigena Takeyama & Ozawa, 1984
			†Pseudotaria	†P. muramotoi [species] Kohno, 2006			Miocene
			†Archaeodobenus	†A. akamatsui Tanaka & Kohno, 2015			Late Miocene
			†Protodobenus	†P. japonicus [species] Horikawa, 1995			Early Pliocene
			Odobenus	†O. mandanoensis [species] Tomida, 1989			Middle Pleistocene

Historical extinctions and local extirpations

Fossil species synonymized with extant or recently extinct species

See also

• List of prehistoric birds of Japan
• Land bridges of Japan

References

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• Mammals of Japan
• Fossils of Japan
• Prehistoric mammals of Asia
• Lists of biota of Japan
• Lists of mammals of Asia