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During the history of Buchenwald concentration camp, thousands of people were imprisoned.
List of prisoners
- Roy Allen, American pilot
- Jean Améry, Austrian-Belgian writer
- Robert Antelme, French writer
- Jacob Avigdor, before World War II Chief Rabbi of Drohobych, afterward Chief Rabbi of Mexico
- Conrad Baars, psychiatrist
- Fritz Beckhardt, German-Jewish World War I fighter pilot
- Fritz Behr, German politician (SPD, SED), educator and literary scholar who would become mayor of Weimar
- Robert Benoist, French world champion motor racing driver and member of the British Special Operations Executive, executed on 9 September 1944
- Bruno Bettelheim, Jewish Austrian-American child psychologist
- Józef Biniszkiewicz, Polish socialist politician
- Jan Bissinger, German-Polish Forestry Engineer, Polish WWII Fighter
- Léon Blum, Jewish French politician, pre-and post-war long-term French prime minister
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Protestant theologian and prominent member of the Confessing Church
- Boris Braun, Croatian University professor
- Rudolf Brazda, the last known surviving homosexual deported to the camps; died in 2011
- Rudolf Breitscheid, former member of the SPD and leader of its faction in the Weimar Reichstag, died in the camp in 1944
- Christopher Burney, British officer and Special Operations Executive (SOE) operative
- Marian Ciepielowski, Polish physician
- Robert Clary, French actor, Corporal Louis LeBeau in the Hogan's Heroes television series
- René Cogny, French general
- Seweryn Franciszek Światopełk-Czetwertyński, Polish politician
- Édouard Daladier, French politician, former head of the French government
- Marcel Dassault, French aviation entrepreneur who founded the Dassault Group
- Hélie de Saint Marc, member of the French resistance, later involved in the attempted Algiers putsch of 1961
- Léon Delarbre, French artist and museum curator
- Laure Diebold, French resistant, Compagnon de la Libération
- Willem Drees, Dutch politician and prime minister, held as hostage in Buchenwald from 1940 to 1941
- Ernest Emanuel Israel Dreyfus, painter who emigrated to London and then to Chicago, Illinois
- Franz Ehrlich, German architect, designer of the Buchenwald entrance gates
- Marian Filar, Polish Jewish concert pianist and virtuoso.
- Ludwik Fleck, Polish serologist and philosopher of science.
- Henri Frager, French resistance member, second in command of CARTE, then head of DONKEYMAN network
- Josef Frank (politician), Czech communist
- Carl Simon Fried, physician, radiologist, poet
- Joseph Friedenson, writer and editor
- Frans Frison, Belgian resister, transported from Breendonk.
- August Froehlich, German Roman Catholic priest active in resistance movement against the National Socialism
- Henry P. Glass, Austrian Architect and Industrial Designer, transferred from Dachau in September 1938, released in January 1939, moved to the US
- Albin Grau, film producer (Nosferatu, 1922)
- Maurice Halbwachs French sociologist, died in the camp in 1945
- Max Hamburger [nl], Dutch psychiatrist
- Bertrand Herz, French engineer, president of IKBD (International Committee Buchenwald Dora and commandos)
- Curt Herzstark inventor of the Curta calculator, hand-held, hand-cranked mechanical calculator
- Heinrich Eduard Jacob, German writer
- Paul-Émile Janson, Belgian politician, former Prime Minister of Belgium, died in the camp in 1944
- Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt, died in Soviet custody in 1947.
- Léon Jouhaux, French trade unionist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate
- Józef Kachel, Scout leader, head of the pre-war Polish Scouting Association in Germany
- Imre Kertész writer, 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature recipient
- Eugen Kogon, anti-Nazi activist, later Christian Socialist, professor, broadcaster and author
- Phillip (Phil) J. Lamason, Squadron Leader, Royal New Zealand Air Force
- Leon Lasota, (born 1921) Polish resistance fighter and political dissident. Successfully escaped the camp after three years of internment. Subsequently assisted the Allies as a translator.
- Yisrael Meir Lau (born 1937), Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel
- Hermann Leopoldi, Austrian composer and entertainer
- Fritz Löhner-Beda, Austrian lyricist
- Artur London, senior Czech communist and writer, future government minister
- Jacques Lusseyran, blind French memoirist and professor
- Princess Mafalda of Savoy, the daughter of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, died in the camp in 1944.
- Henri Maspero, French Sinologist, pioneering scholar of Taoism, died in the camp in March 1945
- Karl Mayr, Adolf Hitler's immediate superior in an Army Intelligence Division in the Reichswehr, 1919–1920, died in the camp in 1945
- Mel Mermelstein
- Paul Morgan, Austrian actor, died in the camp in 1938
- Joseph F. Moser, American pilot
- Ferdinand Münz (1888-1969), chemist. The inventor of EDTA.
- John H. Noble, American-born gulag survivor and author; Family owner of the Praktica Camera factory, Dresden 1945
- Louis Nouveau, French, member Pat O'Leary escape line
- Andrée Peel, Member of the French resistance
- Rudolf Perth, Austrian politician and Jew 1938.
- Harry Peulevé, an agent of the SOE who managed to escape Buchenwald with F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas.
- Henri Christiaan Pieck, Dutch painter and twin brother of Anton Pieck
- Karl Plättner, Communist
- Paul Rassinier, considered the father of Holocaust denial
- Jean Riboud, French corporate executive and former chairman of Schlumberger
- Jakob Rosenfeld, minister of health under Mao
- Herbert Sandberg, artist, designer, publisher of Ulenspiegel
- Paul Schneider, German pastor, died in the camp in 1939
- Jorge Semprún, Spanish intellectual and politician and culture minister of Spain (1988–91)
- Jura Soyfer, Austrian poet and dramatist, died in the camp in 1939
- Boris Taslitzky (1911- 2005), French painter.
- Ernst Thälmann, leader of the Communist Party of Germany, died in the camp in April 1944
- Jack van der Geest, escapee
- Fred Wander, Austrian writer
- Ernst Wiechert, German writer
- Elie Wiesel, Romanian Jewish French-American writer, 1986 Nobel Peace Prize recipient
- F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas, Royal Air Force Wing Commander and British Special Operations Executive (SOE) agent, codenamed "The White Rabbit"
- Petr Zenkl, Czech National Social Party politician, deputy Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1946–1948)
- Icilio Zuliani, Italian footballer, died after liberation in 1945
- Horia Sima, imprisoned in a humane section of the camp alongside other Iron Guard members
References
- Peeraer, Jef (1946). 't Gruwelkamp Breendonk, Doorleefde nachtmerries (in Dutch). Niel: De Rupel.