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List of reptiles of Spain

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This is a list of all reptiles living in Spain, both in the Iberian Peninsula and other territories such as Ceuta, Melilla, the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands (including marine reptiles that can be found on its shores). Both native and introduced species are included.

Order Testudines

Family Testudinidae

Testudinidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Testudo graeca Spur-thighed tortoise  VU  Tortuga mora
Testudo hermanni Hermann's tortoise  EN  Salamandra común

Family Emydidae

Emydidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Emys orbicularis European pond turtle  LC 
Trachemys scripta Pond slider  NT 

Family Geoemydidae

Geoemydidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Mauremys leprosa Spanish pond turtle  NE 

Family Dermochelyidae

Dermochelyidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback sea turtle  CR 

Family Cheloniidae

Cheloniidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Caretta caretta Loggerhead sea turtle Distribution de C. caretta. Los círculos rojos representan los mayores anidamientos. Los amarillos son los de menor cuantía.  EN 
Chelonia mydas Green sea turtle Distribution de C. mydas. Los círculos rojos son sitios importantes de cría. Los círculos amarillos representan ubicaciones de menor importancia.  EN 
Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill sea turtle  CR 

Order Squamata

Family Chamaeleonidae

Chamaeleontidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Chamaeleo chamaeleon Common Chameleon  NE 

Family Blanidae

Blanidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Blanus cinereus Iberian Worm Lizard  LC  Culebrilla ciega
Blanus tingitanus -  LC 

Family Agamidae

Agamidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Agama impalearis Bibron's agama  NE 

Family Anguidae

Anguidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Anguis fragilis Slowworm  NE  Lución

Gekkota (families Gekkonidae, Sphaerodactylidae, Phyllodactylidae)

Gekkonidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Hemidactylus turcicus Mediterranean house gecko  LC 
Saurodactylus mauritanicus -  LC 
Tarentola angustimentalis East Canary Gecko  LC 
Tarentola boettgeri Boettger's Wall Gecko  LC 
Tarentola delalandii Tenerife Gecko  LC 
Tarentola gomerensis Gomero Wall Gecko  LC 
Tarentola mauritanica Common or Moorish Wall Gecko, Salamanquesa, Crocodile gecko, European common gecko, Maurita naca gecko  LC 

Family Scincidae

Scincidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Chalcides bedriagai Bedriaga's Skink  NT  Eslizón ibérico
Chalcides coeruleopunctatus -  NE 
Chalcides colosii Riffian Skink, Colosi's Cylindrical Skink  LC 
Chalcides mauritanicus Two-Fingered Skink  EN 
Chalcides minutus Small Three-Toed Skink  VU 
Chalcides ocellatus Ocellated Skink, Eyed Skink, gongilo  NE 
Chalcides parallelus Doumergue's Skink  EN 
Chalcides pseudostriatus Moroccan Three-toed Skink  NT 
Chalcides sexlineatus Gran Canaria Skink  LC 
Chalcides simonyi -  EN 
Chalcides striatus Western Three-toed Skink  LC 
Chalcides viridanus West Canary Skink, Lisa Dorada  LC 
Eumeces algeriensis Algerian Orange-Tailed Skink, Eumece D'Algerie, Bulán  LC 

Family Lacertidae

Lacertidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Acanthodactylus erythrurus Red-tailed Spiny-footed Lizard  LC 
Algyroides marchi Spanish Algyroides  EN 
Gallotia atlantica Atlantic Lizard  LC 
Gallotia auaritae La Palma Giant Lizard  CR 
Gallotia bravoana La Gomera Giant Lizard  CR 
Gallotia caesaris Boettger's Lizard  LC 
Gallotia galloti Tenerife Lizard, Western Canaries Lizard  LC 
Gallotia intermedia Tenerife Speckled Lizard  CR 
Gallotia simonyi El Hierro Giant Lizard  CR 
Gallotia stehlini Gran Canaria Giant Lizard  LC 
Iberolacerta aranica Aran Rock Lizard  EN 
Iberolacerta aurelioi Aurelio's Rock Lizard  EN 
Iberolacerta bonnali Pyrenean Rock Lizard  NT 
Iberolacerta cyreni -  EN 
Iberolacerta galani Lagartija leonesa  NT 
Iberolacerta martinezricai -  CR 
Iberolacerta monticola Iberian Rock Lizard  VU 
Lacerta agilis Sand Lizard  NE 
Lacerta bilineata Western Green Lizard Distribution de L. bilineata  LC 
Lacerta schreiberi Iberian Emerald Lizard, Schreiber's Green Lizard  NT  Lagarto verdinegro
Podarcis atrata -  NE 
Podarcis bocagei Bocage's Wall Lizard  LC 
Podarcis carbonelli -  EN 
Podarcis hispanicus Iberian Wall Lizard  LC 
Podarcis lilfordi Lilford's Wall Lizard  EN 
Podarcis muralis Wall lizard  LC 
Podarcis pityusensis Ibiza Wall Lizard  NT 
Podarcis siculus Italian wall lizard, Ruin lizard  LC 
Podarcis vaucheri -  LC 
Psammodromus algirus Large Psammodromus  LC 
Psammodromus blanci Blanc's Sand Racer  NT 
Psammodromus hispanicus Spanish Psammodromus  NT 
Psammodromus jeanneae -  LC 
Psammodromus manuelae -  LC 
Scelarcis perspicillata Moroccan rock lizard  LC 
Timon lepidus Ocellated Lizard  NT  Lagarto ocelado
Timon tangitana -  LC 
Zootoca vivipara Viviparous lizard, common lizard  LC 

Family Trogonophidae

Trogonophidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Trogonophis wiegmanni Checkerboard worm lizard  LC 

Serpentes

Family Colubridae

Colubridae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Coronella austriaca Smooth snake  NE 
Coronella girondica Southern smooth snake, Riccioli's snake  LC  Culebra lisa meridional
Hemorrhois hippocrepis Horseshoe whip snake  LC 
Hierophis viridiflavus Green Whip Snake, Western Whip Snake  LC 
Macroprotodon abubakeri -  DD 
Macroprotodon brevis False smooth snake  NT 
Macroprotodon mauritanicus -  NE 
Malpolon monspessulanus Montpellier snake  LC 
Natrix maura Viperine water snake, viperine snake  LC  Culebra viperina
Natrix natrix Grass snake, ringed snake, water snake  LC  Culebra de collar
Zamenis scalaris Ladder snake  LC  Culebra de escalera
Zamenis longissimus Aesculapian Snake  LC 

Family Viperidae

Viperidae
Species Common name Distribution Conservation status Image
Vipera aspis Asp, asp viper, European asp, aspic viper, European viper, Jura viper  LC 
Vipera latastei Lataste's viper, snub-nosed viper, snub-nosed adder  VU 
Vipera seoanei Baskian viper, Iberian cross adder, Portuguese viper  LC  Víbora cantábrica

Notes

  1. Worldwide conservation status (not exclusive to the Iberian Peninsula) according to IUCN Red List:
  2. Listed as Vulnerable  VU  in Spain
  3. Listed as Near Threatened  NT  on national level, and Vulnerable  VU  on local level
  4. Listed as Least Concern  LC  in Spain
  5. Listed as Least Concern  LC  in Spain
  6. Listed as Data Deficient  DD  in Spain
  7. Listed as Least Concern  LC  in Spain
  8. Listed as Near Threatened  NT  in Spain
  9. Listed as Vulnerable  VU  in Spain
  10. Listed as Least Concern  LC  in Spain
  11. Listed as Data Deficient  DD  in Spain
  12. Listed as Data Deficient  DD  in Spain

References

  1. Tortoise.; Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Testudo graeca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21646A9305693. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21646A9305693.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. European Reptile.; Amphibian Specialist Group (1996). "Testudo hermanni ssp. hermanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21650A9306703. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21650A9306703.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. Tortoise.; Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. (2016) . "Emys orbicularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T7717A97292665. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T7717A12844431.en. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  4. van Dijk, P.P.; Harding, J.; Hammerson, G.A. (2016) . "Trachemys scripta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T22028A97429935. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T22028A9347395.en. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  5. Wallace, B.P.; Tiwari, M.; Girondot, M. (2013). "Dermochelys coriacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T6494A43526147. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T6494A43526147.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  6. Casale, P.; Tucker, A.D. (2017). "Caretta caretta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T3897A119333622. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T3897A119333622.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  7. Seminoff, J.A.; et al. (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, U.S.) (2004). "Chelonia mydas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T4615A11037468. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T4615A11037468.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  8. Mortimer, J.A.; Donnelly, M.; et al. (IUCN SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group) (2008). "Eretmochelys imbricata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T8005A12881238. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T8005A12881238.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  9. Juan M. Pleguezuelos, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Rafael Marquez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Blanus cinereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61469A12490902. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61469A12490902.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Ulrich Joger, Juan Pleguezuelos, Tahar Slimani (2009). "Blanus tingitanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61471A12472331. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61471A12472331.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. Atlas y libro rojo de los Anfibios y Reptiles de España. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.
  12. Anguis fragilis, en el Atlas de la biodiversidad del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (MMA). Archivo en pdf.
  13. Aram Agasyan, Aziz Avci, Boris Tuniyev, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Petros Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, Uğur Kaya, Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Sherif Baha El Din, C. Varol Tok (2009). "Hemidactylus turcicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T157261A5063993. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T157261A5063993.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. Ulrich Joger, Tahar Slimani, El Hassan El Mouden, Philippe Geniez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Saurodactylus mauritanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61569A12517583. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61569A12517583.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Tarentola angustimentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61572A12518158. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61572A12518158.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. Paulo Sá-Sousa, Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Tarentola boettgeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61574A12494311. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61574A12494311.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Tarentola delalandii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61575A12494692. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61575A12494692.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Tarentola gomerensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61577A12495165. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61577A12495165.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. Vogrin, M.; Corti, C.; Pérez Mellado, V.; Baha El Din, S.; Martínez-Solano, I. (2017). "Tarentola mauritanica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T61578A63716927. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T61578A63716927.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  20. Juan M. Pleguezuelos, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Rafael Marquez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Chalcides bedriagai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61472A12472701. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61472A12472701.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Ulrich Joger, Juan Pleguezuelos, Tahar Slimani, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Chalcides colosii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61474A12474024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61474A12474024.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Ulrich Joger, Juan Pleguezuelos, Tahar Slimani, El Hassan El Mouden, Philippe Geniez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Chalcides mauritanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61479A12475632. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61479A12475632.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. Mateo, J.A.; Joger, U.; Pleguezuelos, J.; Slimani, T.; El Mouden, E.H.; Geniez, P.; Martinez Solano, I. (2016) . "Chalcides minutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61481A86153110. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61481A12476589.en. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
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  26. Philippe Geniez, Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Ulrich Joger, Juan Pleguezuelos, Tahar Slimani, El Hassan El Mouden, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Chalcides pseudostriatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61486A12478575. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61486A12478575.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Chalcides sexlineatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61487A12479057. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61487A12479057.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Chalcides simonyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61488A12479483. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61488A12479483.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. Bowles, P. (2024). "Chalcides striatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T61489A137849177. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  30. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Chalcides viridanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61490A12480456. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61490A12480456.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. Geniez, P.; Mateo, J.A.; Joger, U.; Pleguezuelos, J.; Slimani, T.; El Mouden, E.H.; Martinez Solano, I. (2016) . "Eumeces algeriensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61499A86441435. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61499A12483547.en. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  32. Tahar Slimani, Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Ulrich Joger, El Hassan El Mouden, Philippe Geniez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Acanthodactylus erythrurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61456A12470495. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61456A12470495.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Rafael Marquez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Algyroides marchi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T840A13082975. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T840A13082975.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  35. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Gallotia auaritae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61501A12492629. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61501A12492629.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  36. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Gallotia bravoana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61502A12493034. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61502A12493034.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Gallotia caesaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61503A12493473. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61503A12493473.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  40. Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Gallotia stehlini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61506A12494509. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61506A12494509.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  41. Baha El Din, S. (2021). "Hemidactylus foudaii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T61507A22565961. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T61507A22565961.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  42. Crochet, P.-A.; Carretero, M. (2024). "Iberolacerta aranica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T61512A137851481. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  43. Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Marc Cheylan, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Iberolacerta aurelioi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61513A12497596. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61513A12497596.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  44. Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Marc Cheylan, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Iberolacerta bonnali". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61447A12486917. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61447A12486917.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  45. Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Marc Cheylan, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Iberolacerta cyreni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61514A12498292. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61514A12498292.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  46. Oscar Arribas (2009). "Iberolacerta galani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T157271A5066930. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T157271A5066930.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  47. Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Rafael Marquez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Iberolacerta martinezricai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61516A12499291. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61516A12499291.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Rafael Marquez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Iberolacerta monticola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61448A12487278. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61448A12487278.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  49. Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Marc Cheylan, Philippe Geniez, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Benedikt Schmidt, Richard Podloucky, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano (2009). "Lacerta bilineata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61519A12501065. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61519A12501065.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  50. Paulo Sá-Sousa, Rafael Marquez, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009). "Lacerta schreiberi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T11113A3251580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T11113A3251580.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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