Lobanov (Russian: Лобанов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Lobanova. It may refer to:
- Alexander Lobanov (1924–2003), Russian outsider artist
- Alexander Lobanov (footballer) (born 1986), Uzbekistani football goalkeeper
- Alexander Lobanov (serial killer) (1979-2002), Russian serial killer and rapist
- Andrey Lobanov (born 1972), Kazakhstani archer
- Dmitri Lobanov (born 1990), Russian football player
- Elena Lobsanova, Russian-Canadian ballet dancer
- Evgeny Lobanov (born 1984), Russian ice hockey goaltender
- Igor Lobanov (born 1969), Russian Olympic luger and rock musician
- Liliya Lobanova (born 1985), Ukrainian runner
- Mikhail Lobanov (born 1984), Russian mathematician and left-wing politician
- Nikita Lobanov (art collector) (born 1935), Russian art collector
- Nataliya Kuznetsova-Lobanova (1947–1998), Russian diver
- Sergei Lobanov (born 1984), Russian football player
- Sergei Lobanov (born 2001), Russian chess player
- Valentīns Lobaņovs (born 1971), Latvian football midfielder
- Vasily Lobanov (born 1947), Russian composer and pianist
- Vladimir Lobanov (1953–2007), Russian speed skater
- Yuri Lobanov (1952–2017), Tajik sprint canoer
- Lobanov-Rostovsky family
- Alexey Lobanov-Rostovsky (1824–1896), Russian statesman
- Andrei Lobanov-Rostovsky (1892–1979), Russian-American historian
- Dmitry Lobanov-Rostovsky (1758–1838), Russian Prince and statesman
- Yakov Lobanov-Rostovsky (1660–1732), Russian statesman and civil servant
- Yakov Lobanov-Rostovsky (1760–1831), Russian statesman
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