| Silk Exchange | |
|---|---|
| Native names | |
 | |
| Location | Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain |
| Coordinates | 39°28′27.9″N 0°22′42.4″W / 39.474417°N 0.378444°W / 39.474417; -0.378444 |
| Architect | Pere Compte |
| Architectural style(s) | Valencian Gothic |
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| Official name | Lonja de la Seda de Valencia |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, iv |
| Designated | 1996 (20th session) |
| Reference no. | 782 |
| Region | Europe and North America |
| Spanish Cultural Heritage | |
| Official name | Lonja de la Seda |
| Type | Real property |
| Criteria | Monument |
| Designated | 3 June 1931 |
| Reference no. | (R.I.) - 51 - 0000968 - 00000 |
The Lonja de la Seda (Spanish: [ˈloŋxa ðe la ˈseða]; Valencian: Llotja de la Seda [ˈʎɔdʒa ðe la ˈseða], English "Silk Exchange") is a late Valencian Gothic-style civil building in Valencia, Spain. It is a principal tourist attraction in the city.
History
Built between 1482 and 1533, la Lonja is composed of three parts (plus the Orange Garden - a walled courtyard). The main hall, Sala de Contratación (The Trading Hall), is a large lavishly decorated space supported by gorgeous twisted columns. This was the financial centre of La Lonja, where the merchants work out contracts. The side-wing is named the Pavilion of the Consulate, and this was the seat of the Tribunal del Mar - the first marine merchant tribunal to ever be formed in Spain. The first two floors were the main function rooms, with the upper one hosting a richly decorated ceiling. These rooms are still maintained original furnishings. On occasion, the Tribunal would imprison merchants for debts in the central tower of La Lonja - the third part of the structure.
Behind the current building, there was an earlier one from the 14th century, which was called the Oil Exchange (Llotja de l’Oli, in Valencian, or Lonja del Aceite, in Spanish). It was used not only for trading with agricultural oils, but for all kind of business. Where in 1348 was traded perxal (percale) as some kind of silk.
Valencia's commercial prosperity reached its peak during the 15th century, and led to the construction of a new building. The design of the new Lonja of Valencia was derived from a similar structure in the Lonja of Palma de Majorca, built by the architect Guillem Sagrera in 1448. The architect in charge of the new Lonja was Pere Compte, who built the main body of the building – the Trading Hall (or Sala de Contractació in Valencian) – in only fifteen years (1483–1498). So is written in a blue band that runs along all four walls of the Trading Hall, also called "Hall of Columns". It proclaims in golden letters the following inscription:
Inclita domus sum annis aedificata quindecim. Gustate et videte concives quoniam bona est negotiatio, quae non agit dolum in lingua, quae jurat proximo et non deficit, quae pecuniam non dedit ad usuram eius. Mercator sic agens divitiis redundabit, et tandem vita fructur aeterna.
According to the local Valencian scholar Joan Francesc Mira, this inscription showed that it was not a necessary to be a Protestant or a foreigner to establish the basis of a good trade; it also showed the union of ethics and economy. Other construction and decoration works lumbered on until 1548, such as the Consolat del Mar (Consulate of the Sea), a Renaissance building adjoined to La Lonja.
During subsequent centuries, La Lonja functioned as a silk exchange. The honesty of its traders is honored by the inscription that runs around the main contract hall.
In 1996 UNESCO listed it as a World Heritage Site. Its listing states that "the site is of outstanding universal value as it is a wholly exceptional example of a secular building in late Gothic style, which dramatically illustrates the power and wealth of one of the great Mediterranean mercantile cities."
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Fisheye view of The Hall of Columns ceiling
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Royal arms of Kingdom of Valencia in the Llotja
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View of the Orange Garden courtyard
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The Hall of Columns
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Some Gargoyles of Llotja de la Seda
See also
References
- "La Lonja de la Seda - Sight-seeing / Attractions in Valencia, Spain". www.valenciavalencia.com. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
- Diccionari Aguiló: materials lexicogràfics / aplegats per Marià Aguiló i Fuster; revisats i publicats sota la cura de Pompeu Fabra i Manuel de Montoliu, page 134, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona 1929.
- "I am an illustrious house built in fifteen years. Try and See, fellow-citizens, how negotiation is such a good thing when there is no lie in the speech, when it swears to the neighbour and does not deceive him, when it does not lend money with an interest charge for its use. The merchant who acts this way will prosper galore and at the end he will enjoy the eternal life.
- "La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
External links
- Materials from the World Heritage website
- La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture
