Louis I of Spain - Misplaced Pages

Louis I (Spanish: Luis Felipe Fernando José de Borbón y Saboya; 25 August 1707 – 31 August 1724) was King of Spain from 15 January 1724 until his death in August the same year. His reign is one of the shortest in history, lasting for just over seven months.

Infante of Spain (1707–1709)

Louis was born at Palacio del Buen Retiro, in Madrid as the eldest son of the reigning King Philip V of Spain and his wife Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy. He was named after his great-grandfather Louis XIV of France.

Prince of Asturias (1709–1721)

At birth he was the heir apparent but was not given the traditional title of "Prince of Asturias" until April 1709. In 1714, when Louis was seven, his mother died, leaving him and his brothers, Infante Philip and Infante Ferdinand. On 24 December 1714, Louis' father remarried to Elisabeth Farnese, the young heiress to the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza.

Marriage (1722)

As heir not only to the vast Spanish Empire, but also to a new dynasty, it was decided that Louis would take a wife as soon as possible. On 20 January 1722, at Lerma, he met and married Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, a daughter of Philippe, Duke of Orléans, cousin of Louis' father and then the Regent of France. The dowry of this marriage was an enormous 4 million livres.

King of Spain (1724)

Louis ruled for a short period between the time his father Philip V abdicated in his favour (14 January 1724) and his death from smallpox, just over seven months. King Philip sent him a letter informing him of his decision. He calls his son a great king. Louis sent his father a humble reply, thanking him. Louis signed his letter as Prince of Asturias. His marital problems dominated during his reign. His father kept tabs on him from San Ildefonso. To counter his father's influence, he surrounded himself with officials who had not served under Philip. His plans were to focus more on the American colonies rather than the lost Italian territories. On his death, his father returned to the throne, and reigned 22 more years until his own death in 1746. Louis was buried in the Cripta Real del Monasterio de El Escorial part of the El Escorial complex.

Appearance and personality

Louis was tall and thin, with blonde hair. He was considered unattractive and the similarity between him and his maternal grandfather, Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, was notable. Apart from this, Louis had weak arms, which emphasized his delicacy.

Not much is known about Louis' personality. According to Vicente Bacallar, Marquis de San Felipe, he was "extremely liberal, magnanimous and into making people to feel comfortable next to him". However, neither his liberty as king nor gentilism eclipsed his strong religiosity. Other contemporaries allegedly pointed out that Louis had inherited his father's intelligence and charm and his mother's morality and submission.

Sexuality

Apart from these attributes, many have argued that Louis also inherited his father's sexual appeal. He was reputedly bisexual, being initiated into such a practice by a servant, originally from Versailles. Historians believe that Lacotte, who was Louis' servant and who had a reputation of being a pedophile, was sent into the Spanish royal court to seduce the prince, whose impotence was known. W. Clarke writes: "the Spanish heir was as into boys as girls during the parties that he had, playing erotic games with both sexes"; a line about Louis' sexual life was sung across streets of Madrid: "Fiery as his mother, lascivious as his father, flaming as his stepmother and onanist as a pedophile".

Ancestry

Ancestors of Louis I of Spain

8. Louis XIV of France

4. Louis, Dauphin of France

9. Maria Theresa of Austria

2. Philip V of Spain

10. Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria

5. Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria

11. Henriette Adelaide of Savoy

1. Louis I of Spain

12. Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy

6. Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia

13. Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy

3. Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy

14. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans

7. Anne Marie of Orléans

15. Henrietta Anne of England

References

González Cremona 1998, p. 35
Aquino de Belén, Gaspar (1709). Leales demostraciones, amantes finezas, y festivas aclamaciones de la... Ciudad de Manila... en accion de gracias por el dichoso, y feliz Nacimiento de Nuestro Principe... D. Luis Phelipe Fernando Ioseph. Manila: Imprenta de la Compañia de Jesús. p. 7. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Pérez de Guzmán y Gallo, Juan (1880). El Principado de Asturias: bosquejo histórico-documental. Madri: Imprenta de Manuel G. Hernández. p. 271.
Réimpression de l'ancien Moniteur, seule histoire authentique et inaltérée
Ulloa Cisneros, Luis; Camps Llopis, Federico (1983). Historia de España volumen V: La casa de Borbon. p. 45. ISBN 9788475057255.
Quevedo, José Quevedo (1849). Historia del Real Monasterio de El Escorial. p. 364.
Martín & Cuervo 1998, p. 1678
^ González Cremona 1998, p. 36
González Cremona 1998, p. 41
Vidal Sales 1994, p. 65
Vidal Sales 1994, p. 61
Vidal Sales 1994, p. 62

Sources

Danvila, Alfonso. El reinado relámpago, Luis I y Luisa Isabel de Orleáns, 1707–1724. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1952. Reprinted as Luis I y Luisa Isabel de Orleans: el reinado relámpago. Madrid: Alderabán, 1997.
Martín, Ricardo Martín Tobías; Cuervo, Ignacio (1998). Historia de España (in Spanish). Barcelona: Salvat. ISBN 84-345-9913-9. OCLC 432782119.
González Cremona, Juan Manuel (1998). Anecdotario real : de Felipe V a Alfonso XIII (in Spanish). Barcelona: Plaza & Janés Editores. ISBN 84-01-55014-9. OCLC 44057661.
Vidal Sales, José Antonio (1994). Crónica íntima de los reyes de España (in Spanish). Barcelona, España: Planeta. ISBN 84-08-01139-1. OCLC 31314142.

External links

Luis I Spanish
A royal suit of armor housed in The Met Museum made for him at age five by his great-grandfather, Louis XIV of France

Regnal titles
Louis I of Spain House of BourbonCadet branch of the Capetian dynastyBorn: 25 August 1707 Died: 31 August 1724
Preceded byPhilip V	King of Spain 1724	Succeeded byPhilip V
Spanish royalty
Preceded byCharles (II)	Prince of Asturias 1709–1724	Succeeded byFerdinand (VI)

v t e Infantes of Spain
The generations indicate descent from Carlos I, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
1st generation	Felipe II
2nd generation	Carlos, Prince of Asturias Fernando, Prince of Asturias Diego, Prince of Asturias Felipe III
3rd generation	Felipe IV Infante Carlos Infante Fernando Infante Alonso
4th generation	Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias Carlos II
5th generation	None
6th generation	None
7th generation	Luis I Infante Felipe Pedro Fernando VI Carlos III Felipe I, Duke of Parma Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón
8th generation	Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria Carlos IV Fernando I of the Two Sicilies Infante Gabriel Infante Antonio Pascual Infante Francisco Javier Fernando I, Duke of Parma
9th generation	Fernando VII Infante Carlos Infante Francisco de Paula Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal Luis I of Etruria
10th generation	Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin Infante Juan, Count of Montizón Infante Fernando Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville Infante Sebastián, Infante of Portugal Carlos II, Duke of Parma
11th generation	Alfonso XII Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti Infante Luis Fernando Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera Carlos III, Duke of Parma
12th generation	Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans Roberto I, Duke of Parma
13th generation	Alfonso, Prince of Asturias Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona Infante Gonzalo Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera
14th generation	Juan Carlos I Infante Alfonso Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
15th generation	Felipe VI
16th generation	None
title granted by Royal Decree consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante

v t e Princes of France
The first generation are the children of Henri IV; these males held the rank of Son of France or Grandson of France;
1st generation	King Louis XIII Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans Gaston, Duke of Orléans
2nd generation	King Louis XIV Philippe I, Duke of Orléans Prince Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois
3rd generation	Louis, Dauphin of France Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou Prince Louis François, Duke of Anjou Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
4th generation	Louis, Dauphin of France King Philip V of Spain* Prince Charles, Duke of Berry
5th generation	Prince Louis, Duke of Brittany Louis, Dauphin of France King Louis XV Louis, Prince of Asturias* Infante Philip of Spain*
6th generation	Louis, Dauphin of France Prince Philippe, Duke of Anjou
7th generation	Prince Louis, Duke of Burgundy Prince Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine King Louis XVI King Louis XVIII King Charles X
8th generation	Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France King Louis XVII Prince Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
9th generation	Prince Henri, Count of Chambord
* until 1713

v t e Princes and Princesses of Asturias
Henry (1388–90) Maria (1402–05) John (1405–06) Catherine (1423–24) Eleanor (1424–25) Henry (1425–54) Joanna (1462–64) Alfonso (1464–68) Isabella (1468–70) Isabella (1470–78) John (1478–97) Isabella (1497–98) Michael (1498–1500) Joanna (1502–04) Charles (1504–16) Philip (1527–56) Charles (1556–68) Ferdinand (1571–78) Diego (1578–82) Philip (1582–98) Philip (1605–21) Balthasar Charles (1629–1646) Philip Prospero (1657–1661) Charles (1661–1665) Louis (1709–24) Ferdinand (1724–46) Charles (1759–88) Ferdinand (1788–1808) Isabella (1830–33) Isabella (1851–57) Alfonso (1857–68) Emanuele Filiberto (1871–73) Isabella (1875–80) Mercedes (1881–1904) Alfonso (1907–38) Felipe (1977–2014) Leonor (2014– )

v t e Monarchs of Spain
List of monarchs \| Monarchs' family tree
Dynastic union	Isabella I & Ferdinand V Joanna & Philip I
Personal union	Charles I Philip II Philip III Philip IV Charles II
Real union	Philip V Louis I Philip V Ferdinand VI Charles III Charles IV Joseph Ferdinand VII Isabella II Amadeo Alfonso XII Alfonso XIII Juan Carlos I Felipe VI

v t e Monarchs of Navarre
House of Íñiguez	Íñigo Arista García Íñiguez Fortún Garcés
House of Jiménez	Sancho I Jimeno Garcés García Sánchez I Sancho II García Sánchez II Sancho III García Sánchez III Sancho IV Sancho V Peter I Alfonso I García Ramírez Sancho VI Sancho VII
House of Champagne	Theobald I Theobald II Henry I Joan I
House of Capet	Philip I Louis I John I Philip II Charles I Joan II
House of Évreux	Philip III Charles II Charles III Blanche I
House of Trastámara	John II Charles IV Blanche II Eleanor
House of Foix	Francis Phoebus Catherine
House of Albret	John III
House of Albret - Lower Navarre	Henry II Joan III
House of Bourbon - Lower Navarre	Antoine Henry III Louis II Louis III Louis IV Louis V Louis VI Charles V
House of Trastámara - Upper Navarre	Ferdinand I Joan III
House of Habsburg - Upper Navarre	Charles IV Philip IV Philip V Philip VI Charles V
House of Bourbon - Upper Navarre	Philip VII Louis II Ferdinand II Charles VI Charles VII Ferdinand III Isabella I
Also King of Aragon. Also King of France. Also King/Queen of Spain.

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