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Louis of Valois (1549–1550)

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Duke of Orléans
Louis of Valois
Depiction in Catherine de' Medici's Book of Hours
Duke of Orléans
Tenure3 February 1549 – 24 October 1550
PredecessorCharles II
SuccessorCharles III
Born3 February 1549
Fontainebleau, Paris
Died24 October 1550 (age 1 year 8 months)
Mantes-la-Jolie
BurialBasilica of St Denis
HouseValois-Angoulême
FatherHenry II of France
MotherCatherine de' Medici

Louis of France (3 February 1549 – 24 October 1550), also known as Louis, Duke of Orléans was the second son and fourth child of Henry II (31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559), King of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici, daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino and his wife Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne. He died aged 1 year and 8 months.

Life

After Henry II and Catherine de' Medici were married, several years passed without the birth of any children. Though various remedies were tried, none proved to be effective. According to court sources, the royal couple then turned to the court physician Fernel for help in conceiving.

Louis was born on 3 February 1549 at the Palace of Fontainebleau, the couple's second son and fourth child. From birth he was second in line to the throne and endowed with the duchy of Orléans. He was raised under the supervision of the governor and governess of the royal children, Jean d'Humières and Françoise d'Humières, under the orders of Diane de Poitiers, and reportedly shared the same nursery with his brother and sister Francis and Elisabeth, and later with his brother Charles. Louis was present when five-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots arrived at Henry II's court to be raised as the intended bride and queen of Francis, the future king of France and king consort of Scots. There are reports that Henry II and Catherine planned for Louis to one day become the Duke of Urbino, a title which belonged exclusively to the Medici family.

Death

Freer's account

Martha Walker Freer gives the year of Louis's death as 1549.

According to Freer, the infant Duke of Orléans was given a christening of "extraordinary splendour" in St. Germain-en-Laye in 1549. However, a few days after the ceremony, Louis died from the effects of a chill caught while being handed from one state functionary to another.

Other accounts

Other accounts dismiss Freer's, stating that Louis died in 1550, one even giving a date for his baptism, 19 May 1549 and listing his godparents as John III of Portugal, Mary of Guise and Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara.

In fiction

He is briefly mentioned in the novels Madame Serpent and The Captive Queen, both by Jean Plaidy.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Louis of Valois (1549–1550)
16. John, Count of Angoulême
8. Charles, Count of Angoulême
17. Marguerite de Rohan
4. Francis I of France
18. Philip II, Duke of Savoy
9. Louise of Savoy
19. Margaret of Bourbon
2. Henry II of France
20. Charles, Duke of Orléans
10. Louis XII of France
21. Marie of Cleves
5. Claude, Duchess of Brittany
22. Francis II, Duke of Brittany
11. Anne, Duchess of Brittany
23. Margaret of Foix
1. Louis of Valois
24. Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici
12. Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici
25. Clarissa Orsini
6. Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino
26. Roberto Orsini, Count of Tagliacozzo
13. Alfonsina Orsini
27. Caterina Sanseverino
3. Catherine de' Medici
28. Bertrand VI, Count of Auvergne
14. John III, Count of Auvergne
29. Louise de La Trémoille
7. Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne
30. John VIII, Count of Vendôme
15. Jeanne of Bourbon
31. Isabelle de Beauvau

Sources

  • Livre d’Heures de Catherine de Medicis 1556. Reproduced by kind permission of Bibliothèque Nationale Paris, Département de Manuscrits, B.N. n.a.l. 82) (nouvelles acquisitions latines).
  • Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726). Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France [Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires.
  • Freer, Martha Walker (1858). Henry III, King of France and Poland. Hurst and Blackett.
  • Tomas, Natalie R. (2003). The Medici Women: Gender and Power in Renaissance Florence. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-0777-1.
  • Whale, Winifred Stephens (1914). The La Trémoille family. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. p. 43.

References

  1. Frieda, Leonie, "Catherine de Medici", Orion Books, London, 2005
  2. Freer, p. 4
  3. ^ Anselme 1726, pp. 131–132.
  4. ^ Whale 1914, p. 43.
  5. ^ Anselme 1726, pp. 210–211.
  6. ^ Anselme 1726, pp. 126–128.
  7. ^ Tomas 2003, p. 7.
  8. ^ Anselme 1726, p. 209.
  9. ^ Anselme 1726, pp. 207–208.
  10. ^ Anselme 1726, pp. 463–465.
  11. ^ Tomas 2003, p. 20.
  12. ^ Anselme 1726, p. 324.
Louis of Valois (1549–1550) House of Valois, Angoulême branchCadet branch of the Capetian dynastyBorn: 3 February 1549 Died: 24 October 1550
French nobility
Preceded byCharles II Duke of Orléans
as 'Louis III'
3 February 1549 – 24 October 1550 		Succeeded byCharles III
Dukes of Orléans
Dukes of Orléans
Current claimants
  • Jacques
Catherine de' Medici
Family
Dynasties/
Groups in her life
People in her life
Events
Places in her life
Patron of the arts
Catherine de' Medici
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