George Tompkins, a young Black man living in Indianapolis, was the victim of a racial terror lynching in 1922. His death was declared a suicide by white authorities, and no further investigation of the death was undertaken by authorities at the time. In March 2022, Tompkins was memorialized by the Indiana Remembrance Coalition and his death certificate was amended to reflect his death by homicide.
Life
George Tompkins was born in 1902. He migrated to Indianapolis from Frankfort, Kentucky in 1920. Prior to this move, he had resided with his great aunt and great uncle, Fannie and Robert Smith, since he had been placed in their care at nine months old. Upon moving to Indianapolis, Tompkins and his family first lived on Colton Street and eventually moved to Holborn Street, both locations now on the current IUPUI campus. Tompkins was employed at the Fairmount Glass Works.
Lynching
George Tompkins was found dead in Riverside Park around twelve o’clock in the afternoon on March 16, 1922. He was discovered bound to a tree by his neck with a length of rope, and had his hands bound behind his back. There was also evidence that Tompkins may have been dragged due to dirt on his body. “Four or five small limbs” from the tree Tompkins was found on had been removed “apparently with a small pen knife,” a sign that Tompkins' killers had possibly taken them as souvenirs of their crime.
The Indianapolis Star reported that Tompkins was a victim of lynching in their initial coverage of the incident, and police investigators and the coroner were inclined to agree. However, some detectives investigating the crime suggested that Tompkins had died by suicide. After an autopsy on March 18, 1922, the deputy coroner, George R. Christian, stated the cause of death as “strangulation by hanging from the neck” and ruled the death a suicide. Tompkins was then buried at Floral Park Cemetery on the near west side of Indianapolis, Indiana.
Memorialization
On March 12, 2022, George Tompkins was memorialized by the Indiana Remembrance Coalition, a group of Indianapolis community members working to "address and acknowledge" the history of lynching in the city. At the event, Marion County Chief Deputy Coroner Alfie McGinty unveiled an updated death certificate for Tompkins, which showed the manner of death as homicide. The ceremony included the dedication of a headstone at Tompkins' grave. The grave had previously been unmarked.
References
- "Indianapolis Times". Hoosier State Chronicles. March 17, 1922.
- Fenwick, Tyler (2022-12-29). "Year in review: Man whose 1922 lynching was written off as suicide got new death certificate". Indianapolis Recorder. Retrieved 2023-01-03.
- ^ Mullins, Paul (2016-11-01). "Forgotten Memorials and Ignored Tragedy: Inside Memorial Grove". Invisible Indianapolis. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
- ^ Mullins, Paul R. (2021). Revolting Things: An Archaeology of Shameful Histories and Repulsive Realities. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. pp. 66–67. ISBN 9780813066714.
- Fenwick, Tyler (2022-03-16). "Lynching victim remembered 100 years later with headstone, corrected death certificate". Indianapolis Recorder. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
- "About Us". Indiana Remembrance Coalition. 2021-06-29. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
- ^ Kaufman, Michelle (2022-03-13). "Man's 1922 lynching death ruled homicide, local group provides headstone". WRTV. Retrieved 2022-05-06.