Grand Paris

(Redirected from Métropole du Grand Paris) Métropole covering Paris and its nearest surrounding suburbs

It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles, because the renovation and the "métropole", which both bear the same name, are not the same thing. (discuss) (March 2024)

This article is about Greater Paris ("métropole") and not the Paris Region or the City of Paris. For other uses, see Paris (disambiguation). This article is about the modern renovation of Paris. For the Victorian renovation of Paris, see Haussmann's renovation of Paris. For the rapid transit system, see Grand Paris Express. Métropole in Île-de-France, France

Métropole du Grand Paris
Métropole
Clockwise from top: Montmartre and the Sacré-Cœur, La Défense business district, Notre-Dame Cathedral, Seine with the Eiffel Tower in the background
Location within the Île-de-France region
Country	France
Region	Île-de-France
Department	Paris, Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise
No. of communes	131
Established	1 January 2016
Seat	Paris
Government
• President (2020–2026)	Patrick Ollier (LR)
Area	814.2 km (314.4 sq mi)
Population	7,075,028
• Density	8,690/km (22,500/sq mi)
Website	www.metropolegrandparis.fr

The Metropolis of Greater Paris (French: Métropole du Grand Paris, pronounced [metʁopɔl dy ɡʁɑ̃ paʁi]), also known as Greater Paris, is a métropole covering the City of Paris and its nearest surrounding suburbs that was created from Sarkozy's renovation of the city.

The métropole came into existence on 1 January 2016; it comprises 131 communes, including Paris and all 123 communes in the surrounding inner-suburban departments of the Petite Couronne (Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne), plus seven communes in two of the outer-suburban departments, including the communes of Argenteuil in Val-d'Oise, Savigny-sur-Orge, Juvisy-sur-Orge, Viry-Châtillon and Paray-Vieille-Poste in Essonne, the last of which covers part of Orly Airport. Part of the métropole comprises the Seine department, which existed from 1929 to 1968.

Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometers (314 square miles), and has a population of over 7 million. The métropole is administered by a metropolitan council of 210 members, not directly elected, but chosen by the councils of the member communes. Its responsibilities include urban planning, housing, as well as environment protection.

History

The idea of Greater Paris was originally proposed by French President Nicolas Sarkozy as "a new global plan for the Paris metropolitan region" It first led to a new transportation master plan for the Paris region and to plans to develop several areas around Paris. The "Métropole du Grand Paris" was defined by the law of 27 January 2014 on the modernization of public territorial action and affirmation of cities as part of Act III of decentralization. The plans were considerably modified in December 2015, and the passage into action in two competences, economic development and protection of the environment was delayed from 2016 to 2017.

The plan was first announced on 17 September 2007 during the inauguration of "La Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine", when Sarkozy declared his intent to create a "new comprehensive development project for Greater Paris". The project was organized by the French state, with the Minister of Culture and Communication charged with coordinating the consultation process.

In 2008 an international urban and architectural competition for the future development of metropolitan Paris was launched. Ten teams gathering architects, urban planners, geographers, landscape architects will offer their vision for building a Paris metropolis of the 21st century in the post-Kyoto era and make a prospective diagnosis for Paris and its suburbs that will define future developments in Greater Paris for the next 40 years.

The architects leading the ten multi-disciplinary teams were: Jean Nouvel, Christian de Portzamparc, Antoine Grumbach, Roland Castro, Yves Lion, Djamel Klouche, Richard Rogers, Bernardo Secchi, Paola Viganò, Finn Geipel, Giulia Andi, and Winy Maas.

Early versions of the plan proposed reforms to the local government structure of the Paris region by creating an integrated urban community encompassing the City of Paris and the surrounding Petite Couronne, However, these were largely abandoned due to strong opposition from the socialist Mayor of Paris, Bertrand Delanoë, and the socialist head of the Île de France region, Jean-Paul Huchon.

Objectives

The original plan for the Métropole declared these objectives: "The Métropole of Grand Paris is established in order to define and implement metropolitan action to improve the quality of life of its residents, reduce inequalities between regions within it, to develop an urban, social and economic sustainability model, tools to improve attractiveness and competitiveness for the benefit of the entire national territory. The Métropole of Grand Paris is developing a metropolitan project. The residents are associated with its development according to the guidelines determined by the metropolitan council as laid down by the development council.

This metropolitan project defines the general guidelines of the policy pursued by the Métropole of Grand Paris. It forms part of the implementation of the overall scheme of the Ile-de-France region. It includes a general, social, economic and environmental analysis of the metropolitan area, the strategic guidelines for the development of the metropolis as well as priority areas for intervention. The Metro project can be developed with the support of the Land and Technical Agency of the Paris Region, the International Workshop on Greater Paris, the Urban Planning Agencies and any other useful body."

Transportation

Main article: Grand Paris Express

Independently to the process described above, a position of Minister for Le Grand Paris was created and Christian Blanc was appointed to occupy it. Blanc and his team prepared a transportation plan, announced on April 29, 2009. The Île-de-France region had already published its own transportation plan. Later, the architects of the consultation joined together to present a third transportation plan. After much negotiation, a compromise between the national government and the Île-de-France regional government was announced in January 2011 and the final plan subsequently approved.

The transport plan will be carried out in ten years, at a cost of 35 billion euros funded by the state, local governments and new debt. An important part of the project is a driverless subway linking important business and residential poles such as Versailles and the Charles de Gaulle airport but also banlieues like Montfermeil and Clichy-sous-Bois through a figure-eight track 140 km long and operating 24-hour, which will alone cost 21 billion euros. Another 14 billion euros will be spent in the extension and re-equipment of existing metro, regional and suburban lines.

Criticism

The way Le Grand Paris has been handled was criticized by the architects themselves, especially by Jean Nouvel who wrote several virulent editorials against the Minister in charge of Le Grand Paris until June 2010, Christian Blanc.

Politically, the President of the Île-de-France region, Jean-Paul Huchon, and the Mayor of Paris, Bertrand Delanoë, both members of the French Socialist Party, opposed the initiatives taken by the national government, which they said were against the devolution of urban planning matters to local governments. In October 2011, Delanoë stated that the President "is trying to claim for himself an urban dynamic begun long ago by the local governments". Although Huchon had reached an agreement with the national government earlier in the year on the transportation network, he also declared that Grand Paris "is not a generic term to cover everything that is going on on the territory of the Île-de-France region (...) and even less a national certificate created to relabel local policies that were already in existence." Political opposition was also strong from the Green Party, led in the Île-de-France region by Cécile Duflot.

Établissements Publics Territoriaux of the Grand Paris

The 131 communes of the Métropole du Grand Paris are grouped in 12 établissements publics territoriaux (EPT) or territoires, which replaced the existing inter-communal public institutions and inherited their competences such as sport and socio-cultural amenities, water supply, sanitation, waste management and some urban and social policies.

T1 – City of Paris (not an établissement public territorial since there is only one commune) T2 – Établissement public territorial Vallée Sud Grand Paris T3 – Établissement public territorial Grand Paris Seine Ouest T4 – Établissement public territorial Paris Ouest La Défense T5 – Établissement public territorial Boucle Nord de Seine T6 – Établissement public territorial Plaine Commune T7 – Établissement public territorial Paris Terres d'Envol T8 – Établissement public territorial Est Ensemble T9 – Établissement public territorial Grand Paris - Grand Est T10 – Établissement public territorial Paris-Est-Marne et Bois T11 – Établissement public territorial Grand Paris Sud Est Avenir T12 – Établissement public territorial Grand-Orly Seine Bièvre

Communes

The Métropole du Grand Paris consists of the following 131 communes:

Notes

There is an English translation.

References

^ Comparateur de territoire Intercommunalité-Métropole de Métropole du Grand Paris (200054781), INSEE
^ "Décret n° 2015-1212 du 30 septembre 2015 constatant le périmètre fixant le siège et désignant le comptable public de la métropole du Grand Paris | Legifrance". Retrieved 2017-06-28.
Inauguration de la Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine (Speech). Presidency of the French Republic. 2007-09-17. Archived from the original on 2012-04-01. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
^ "Ten Scenarios for 'Grand Paris' Metropolis Now Up for Public Debate". Bustler. 2009-03-13. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
"Big Plans for Grand Paris". 2009-06-11. Archived from the original on 2009-06-23. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
"Sarkozy relance le projet d'un " Grand Paris "". 20 Minutes. 2007-07-06. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
Erlanger, Steven (2009-06-11). "A Paris Plan, Less Grand Than Gritty". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
Excerpt of the article L. 5219-1 of the Code général des collectivités territoriales.
Excerpt of the article L. 5219-1 of the Code général des collectivités territoriales.
Discours de M. le Président de la République (PDF) (Speech). French Ministry of Culture. 2009-04-09. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
Le Grand Paris, 4 ans après (Speech). Presidency of the French Republic. 2011-10-10. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
Lichfield, John (2009-04-29). "Sarko's €35bn rail plan for a 'Greater Paris'". The Independent. London. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
Jean Nouvel (2010-05-19). "Mais enfin, Monsieur Blanc!". Le Monde.
^ Sibylle Vincendon (2011-10-11). "Pour Delanoë, Sarkozy n'est pas propriétaire du Grand Paris!". Libération. Archived from the original on 2011-10-13. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
Métropole du Grand Paris (N° SIREN : 200054781), BANATIC. Accessed 4 November 2024.
Intercommunalité : Métropole du Grand Paris, INSEE

External links

Official Website (in French)

v t e Paris
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Grand Paris Paris metropolitan area Île-de-France France

v t e Administrative division of Île-de-France (on 1 January 2022) Prefecture: Paris
Essonne (91)	Prefecture: Évry-Courcouronnes Three arrondissements 21 cantons 194 communes 10 legislative constituencies 10 intercommunalities
Hauts-de-Seine (92)	Prefecture: Nanterre Three arrondissements 23 cantons 36 communes 13 legislative constituencies 4 EPTs
Paris (75)	Prefecture: Paris One departmental arrondissement 1 commune 20 municipal arrondissements 80 administrative quarters 18 legislative constituencies 1 intercommunality
Seine-et-Marne (77)	Prefecture: Melun Five arrondissements 23 cantons 507 communes 11 legislative constituencies 21 intercommunalities
Seine-Saint-Denis (93)	Prefecture: Bobigny Three arrondissements 21 cantons 40 communes 12 legislative constituencies 4 EPTs
Val-de-Marne (94)	Prefecture: Créteil Three arrondissements 25 cantons 47 communes 11 legislative constituencies 3 EPTs
Val-d'Oise (95)	Prefecture: Pontoise Three arrondissements 21 cantons 184 communes 10 legislative constituencies 10 intercommunalities
Yvelines (78)	Prefecture: Versailles Four arrondissements 21 cantons 259 communes 12 legislative constituencies 10 intercommunalities

v t e Métropoles in France
Intercommunality metropolis with special status	Aix-Marseille Paris
Intercommunality metropolis	Bordeaux Brest Clermont-Ferrand Dijon Grenoble Lille Metz Montpellier Nancy Nantes Nice Orléans Rennes Rouen Saint-Étienne Strasbourg Toulon Toulouse Tours
Territorial collectivity metropolis	Lyon

v t e Intercommunalities of France
Metropolitan departments of France	01 Ain 02 Aisne 03 Allier 04 Alpes-de-Haute-Provence 05 Hautes-Alpes 06 Alpes-Maritimes 07 Ardèche 08 Ardennes 09 Ariège 10 Aube 11 Aude 12 Aveyron 13 Bouches-du-Rhône 14 Calvados 15 Cantal 16 Charente 17 Charente-Maritime 18 Cher 19 Corrèze 2A Corse-du-Sud 2B Haute-Corse 21 Côte-d'Or 22 Côtes-d'Armor 23 Creuse 24 Dordogne 25 Doubs 26 Drôme 27 Eure 28 Eure-et-Loir 29 Finistère 30 Gard 31 Haute-Garonne 32 Gers 33 Gironde 34 Hérault 35 Ille-et-Vilaine 36 Indre 37 Indre-et-Loire 38 Isère 39 Jura 40 Landes 41 Loir-et-Cher 42 Loire 43 Haute-Loire 44 Loire-Atlantique 45 Loiret 46 Lot 47 Lot-et-Garonne 48 Lozère 49 Maine-et-Loire 50 Manche 51 Marne 52 Haute-Marne 53 Mayenne 54 Meurthe-et-Moselle 55 Meuse 56 Morbihan 57 Moselle 58 Nièvre 59 Nord 60 Oise 61 Orne 62 Pas-de-Calais 63 Puy-de-Dôme 64 Pyrénées-Atlantiques 65 Hautes-Pyrénées 66 Pyrénées-Orientales 67 Bas-Rhin 68 Haut-Rhin 69D Rhône 70 Haute-Saône 71 Saône-et-Loire 72 Sarthe 73 Savoie 74 Haute-Savoie 75 Paris 76 Seine-Maritime 77 Seine-et-Marne 78 Yvelines 79 Deux-Sèvres 80 Somme 81 Tarn 82 Tarn-et-Garonne 83 Var 84 Vaucluse 85 Vendée 86 Vienne 87 Haute-Vienne 88 Vosges 89 Yonne 90 Territoire de Belfort 91 Essonne 92 Hauts-de-Seine 93 Seine-Saint-Denis 94 Val-de-Marne 95 Val-d'Oise
Overseas departments	971 Guadeloupe 972 Martinique 973 French Guiana 974 Réunion 975 Mayotte
Metropoles with territorial collectivity	69M Lyon Metropolis
Lists of communes of France Regions of France

48°51′36″N 2°20′40″E / 48.8600°N 2.3444°E / 48.8600; 2.3444

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