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M81 Group

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Galaxy group in Ursa Major and Camelopardalis
M81 Group
Observation data (Epoch J2000)
Constellation(s)Ursa Major/Camelopardalis
Brightest memberM81 (pictured)
Number of galaxies34
Other designations
NGC 3031 Group

The M81 Group is a galaxy group in the constellations Ursa Major and Camelopardalis that includes the galaxies Messier 81 and Messier 82, as well as several other galaxies with high apparent brightnesses. The approximate center of the group is located at a distance of 3.6 Mpc, making it one of the nearest groups to the Local Group. The group is estimated to have a total mass of (1.03 ± 0.17)×10M☉. The M81 Group, the Local Group, and other nearby groups all lie within the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster).

Members

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The table below lists galaxies that have been identified as associated with the M81 Group by I. D. Karachentsev.

Members of the M81 Group
Name Type R.A. (J2000) Dec. (J2000) Redshift (km/s) Apparent Magnitude
Arp's Loop 09 57 32.6 +69° 17′ 00″ 99 16.1
DDO 78 Im 10 26 27.4 +67° 39′ 16″ 55 ± 10 15.8
F8D1 dE 09 44 47.1 +67° 26′ 19″ 13.9
FM1 dSph 09 45 10.0 +68° 45′ 54″ 17.5
HIJASS J1021+6842 10 21 00.0 +68° 42′ 00″ 46 20
HS 117 I 10 21 25.2 +71° 06′ 51″ -37 16.5
Holmberg I IAB(s)m 09 40 32.3 +71° 10′ 56″ 139 ± 0 13.0
Holmberg II Im 08 19 05.0 +70° 43′ 12″ 142 ± 1 11.1
Holmberg IX Im 09 57 32.0 +69° 02′ 45″ 46 ± 6 14.3
IC 2574 SAB(s)m 10 28 23.5 +68° 24′ 44″ 57 ± 2 13.2
IKN 10 08 05.9 +68° 23′ 57″ 17.0
KKH 57 dSph 10 00 16.0 +63° 11′ 06″ 18.5
Messier 81 SA(s)ab 09 55 33.2 +69° 03′ 55″ -34 ± 4 6.9
Messier 81 Dwarf A I 08 23 56.0 +71° 01′ 45″ 113 ± 0 16.5
Messier 82 I0 09 55 52 +69° 40′ 47″ 203 ± 4 9.3
NGC 2366 IB(s)m 07 28 54.7 +69° 12′ 57″ 80 ± 1 11.4
NGC 2403 SAB(s)cd 07 36 51.4 +65° 36′ 09″ 131 ± 3 8.9
NGC 2976 SAc pec 09 47 15.5 +67° 54′ 59″ 3 ± 5 10.8
NGC 3077 I0 pec 10 03 19.1 +68° 44′ 02″ 14 ± 4 10.6
NGC 4236 SB(s)dm 12 16 42 +69° 27′ 45″ 0 ± 4 10.1
PGC 28529 Im 09 53 48.5 +68° 58′ 08″ -40 17.1
PGC 28731 dE 09 57 03.1 +68° 35′ 31″ -135 ± 30 15.6
PGC 29231 dE 10 04 41.1 +68° 15′ 22″ 16.7
PGC 31286 dSph 10 34 29.8 +66° 00′ 30″ 16.7
PGC 32667 Im 10 52 57.1 +69° 32′ 58″ 116 ± 1 14.9
UGC 4459 Im 08 34 07.2 +66° 10′ 54″ 20 ± 0 14.5
UGC 4483 08 37 03.0 +69° 46′ 31″ 156 ± 0 15.1
UGC 5428 Im 10 05 06.4 +66° 33′ 32″ -129 ± 0 18
UGC 5442 Im 10 07 01.9 +67° 49′ 39″ -18 ± 14 18
UGC 5692 Sm 10 30 35.0 +70° 37′ 07.2″ 56 ± 3 13.5
UGC 6456 Pec 11 27 59.9 +78° 59′ 39″ -103 ± 0 14.5
UGC 7242 Scd 12 14 08.4 +66° 05′ 41″ 68 ± 2 14.6
UGC 8201 Im 13 06 24.9 +67° 42′ 25″ 31 ± 0 12.8
UGCA 133 dSph 07 34 11.4 +66° 53′ 10″ 15.6

Note that the object names used in the above table differ from the names used by Karachentsev. NGC, IC, UGC, and PGC numbers have been used in many cases to allow for easier referencing.

Interactions within the group

Messier 81, Messier 82, and NGC 3077 are all strongly interacting with each other. Observations of the 21-centimeter hydrogen line indicate how the galaxies are connected. The gravitational interactions have stripped some hydrogen gas away from all three galaxies, leading to the formation of filamentary gas structures within the group. Bridges of neutral hydrogen have been shown to connect M81 with M82 and NGC 3077. Moreover, the interactions have also caused some interstellar gas to fall into the centers of Messier 82 and NGC 3077, which has led to strong starburst activity (or the formation of many stars) within the centers of these two galaxies. Computer simulations of tidal interactions have been used to show how the current structure of the group could have been created.

Gallery

  • Galaxy UGC 8201 is a dwarf irregular galaxy member of the M81 galaxy group. Galaxy UGC 8201 is a dwarf irregular galaxy member of the M81 galaxy group.
  • Amateur picture Messier 81 + 82 and NGC 3077 all of the M81 group, 33 frames stacked of 1 minute each. Amateur picture Messier 81 + 82 and NGC 3077 all of the M81 group, 33 frames stacked of 1 minute each.
  • The spiral galaxies Messier 81 and 82 and the dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX from GALEX The spiral galaxies Messier 81 and 82 and the dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX from GALEX
  • Close up view of Messier 81 from GALEX Close up view of Messier 81 from GALEX
  • The spiral galaxy Messier 81 from Spitzer Space Telescope The spiral galaxy Messier 81 from Spitzer Space Telescope
  • The spiral galaxy Messier 81 from Spitzer Space Telescope The spiral galaxy Messier 81 from Spitzer Space Telescope
  • Starburst galaxy Messier 82 from Hubble Space Telescope Starburst galaxy Messier 82 from Hubble Space Telescope
  • NGC 2403 in mid-infrared view, combining the 3.6, 5.8 and 8.0 μm bands of the Spitzer Space Telescope NGC 2403 in mid-infrared view, combining the 3.6, 5.8 and 8.0 μm bands of the Spitzer Space Telescope
  • NGC 2403 in Mid-infrared view, combining the 3.6, 8.0 and 24 μm bands of the Spitzer Space Telescope NGC 2403 in Mid-infrared view, combining the 3.6, 8.0 and 24 μm bands of the Spitzer Space Telescope
  • NGC 2403 from Hubble Space Telescope NGC 2403 from Hubble Space Telescope
  • NGC 2403 from Hubble Space Telescope illustrated NGC 2403 from Hubble Space Telescope illustrated
  • Supernova SN2004DJ in the spiral galaxy NGC 2403 Supernova SN2004DJ in the spiral galaxy NGC 2403
  • Supernova 2004dj in NGC 2403 Supernova 2004dj in NGC 2403
  • NGC 4236 from GALEX NGC 4236 from GALEX
  • NGC 2366 from Hubble Space Telescope NGC 2366 from Hubble Space Telescope
  • Galaxy NGC 2976 from Spitzer Space Telescope in infrared Galaxy NGC 2976 from Spitzer Space Telescope in infrared
  • Galaxy NGC 2976 from an amateur Astronomer Galaxy NGC 2976 from an amateur Astronomer
  • Galaxy NGC 4605 from GALEX Galaxy NGC 4605 from GALEX
  • NGC 2363 from Hubble Space Telescope NGC 2363 from Hubble Space Telescope
  • NGC 2537 from GALEX NGC 2537 from GALEX
  • Holmberg II from Spitzer Space Telescope in infrared Holmberg II from Spitzer Space Telescope in infrared
  • UGC 5423 / M81 dwarf B from Spitzer Space Telescope in infrared UGC 5423 / M81 dwarf B from Spitzer Space Telescope in infrared
  • NGC 3077 from 2MASS NGC 3077 from 2MASS
  • IC 2574 IC 2574

See also

References

  1. ^ I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368. S2CID 119385141.
  2. Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics. 49 (1): 3–18. Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6. S2CID 120973010.
  3. R. B. Tully (1982). "The Local Supercluster". Astrophysical Journal. 257: 389–422. Bibcode:1982ApJ...257..389T. doi:10.1086/159999.
  4. ^ "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for various galaxies. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
  5. ^ M. S. Yun; P. T. P. Ho; K. Y. Lo (1994). "A high-resolution image of atomic hydrogen in the M81 group of galaxies". Nature. 372 (6506): 530–532. Bibcode:1994Natur.372..530Y. doi:10.1038/372530a0. PMID 7990925. S2CID 4369085.
  6. ^ Chynoweth, Katie M.; et al. (2008). "Neutral Hydrogen Clouds in the M81/M82 Group". The Astronomical Journal. 135 (2008 June): 1983–1992. arXiv:0803.3631. Bibcode:2008AJ....135.1983C. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/6/1983. S2CID 4490764.
  7. Hulst, J. M. van der (1978). "The Structure and Kinematics of the Neutral Hydrogen Bridge Between M 81 and NGC 3077". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 75 (1–2): 97–111.
  8. Yun, M. S. (1999). "Tidal Interactions in M81 Group". Galaxy Interactions at Low and High Redshift, Proceedings of IAU Symposium. 186: 81. Bibcode:1999IAUS..186...81Y. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4665-4_18. ISBN 978-0-7923-5833-6.
  9. "The mysteries of UGC 8201". Retrieved 18 June 2015.

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