A macrofamily (also called a superfamily or superphylum) is a term often used in historical linguistics to refer to a hypothetical higher order grouping of languages.
Metonymically, the term became associated with the practice of trying to group together various languages and language families (including isolates) in a larger scale classification. However, some scholars view this term as superfluous if not outright redundant as there is no real tangible linguistic divide the same way there is between a linguistic isolate and a language family proper.
Lyle Campbell, professor at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, had famously said that he is preferring to use the terms "language family" for those classifications for which there is consensus and "distant genetic relationship" for those for which there is no, or not yet, consensus, whether due to lack of documentation or scholarship of the constituent languages, or to an estimated time depth thought by many linguists to be too great for reconstruction.
Examples of proposed macro-families range from relatively recent such as East Asian, Macro-Jê, Macro-Waikurúan, Macro-Mayan, Macro-Siouan, Penutian, Dené–Yeniseian and Congo-Saharan (Niger-Saharan) to older ones such as Austric, Dené–Caucasian, Eurasiatic, Nostratic, Borean or Ural-Altaic.
Sometimes the term has also been applied to very old, large and diverse language families, such as Afro-Asiatic and Sino-Tibetan.
See also
- Language family
- List of language families
- List of proposed language families
- Father Tongue hypothesis
- Classification of Southeast Asian languages
- Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas
- Borean languages
References
- ^ Campbell, Lyle and Mixco, Mauricio J. (2007), A Glossary of Historical Linguistics, University of Utah Press/Edinburgh University Press.
- Matthews, P.H. (2007), Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics, Oxford University Press.
- Campbell, Lyle (2004), Historical Linguistics: An Introduction, Edinburgh University Press.
- Trask, R.L. (2000), The Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics, Edinburgh University Press.
- Diakonoff, Igor M. (1996), "Some reflections on the Afrasian linguistic macrofamily." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 55, 293–294.
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