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Madagascar serpent eagle
Conservation status
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Accipitriformes
Family:	Accipitridae
Subfamily:	Circaetinae
Genus:	Eutriorchis Sharpe, 1875
Species:	E. astur
Binomial name
Eutriorchis astur Sharpe, 1875

The Madagascar serpent eagle (Eutriorchis astur) is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is placed in the monotypic genus Eutriorchis. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Description

The Madagascar serpent eagle is a medium-sized raptor with a long rounded tail and short rounded wings. It is dark grey on its back and a lighter grey on its belly, breast, and throat. Dark barring covers the bird's body. It has yellow eyes and a sharp, hooked beak with strong talons. It measures 57 to 66 cm (22 to 26 in) long with a wingspan of 90 to 110 cm (35 to 43 in).

Distribution and habitat

This bird inhabits dense, humid, and broadleafed evergreen forests in northeastern and east-central Madagascar. It rarely ventures above 550 meters (1800 ft).

Ecology and behavior

This serpent-eagle is diurnal. It eats lemurs both large and small, snakes, lizards, and frogs, which it hunts from high perches, swooping down from its perch and grasping its prey in its talons when it spots it.

Conservation

This species was believed to be extinct, with the last confirmed sighting being from 1930. However, sightings in 1977 and 1988 led to hope for the species' rediscovery. It was rediscovered in 1993 by the Peregrine Fund.

The Madagascar serpent eagle is listed as an endangered species on the  International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, with an estimated population of  533 adults. This species is threatened by the destruction of its specialized habitat and a presumed low rate of reproduction.

Etymology

The prefix eu- is Greek for "good". Triorchis is a Latinization (Pliny the Elder) of Greek triórkhēs (τριόρχης), which Aristotle and Theophrastus used for a kind of hawk, possibly the common buzzard. The Greek word means "having three testicles". This erroneous bit of anatomy has been connected with the ease of mistaking a bird's adrenal gland for a testicle.

Astur is Latin for a kind of hawk.

References

1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Eutriorchis astur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22695336A93503165. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22695336A93503165.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
2. Thomas M. Brooks; John D. Pilgrim; Ana S. L. Rodrigues & Gustavo A. B. Da Fonseca (2005). "Conservation status and geographic distribution of avian evolutionary history". In Andy Purvis; John L. Gittleman & Thomas Brooks (eds.). Phylogeny and Conservation. Conservation Biology. Vol. 8. Cambridge University Press. pp. 267–294. ISBN 978-0-521-82502-3.
3. ^ "Madagascar Serpent Eagle". The Official World Wildlife Fund Guide to Extinct Species of Modern Times. Vol. 1. Beacham Publishing. 1997. pp. 13–14.
4. Raptors of the World By Ferguson Lees, Christie, David A.(2001)
5. Sutton, Luke J.; Benjara, Armand; Roland, Lily-Arison Rene de; Thorstrom, Russell; McClure, Christopher J. W. (January 2023). "Extensive protected area coverage and an updated global population estimate for the Endangered Madagascar Serpent-eagle Eutriorchis astur". Bird Conservation International. 33: e48. doi:10.1017/S0959270922000508. ISSN 0959-2709.
6. Pliny the Elder, Historia Naturalis, Book 10, Chapters 9, 95, 96. English translation from the Perseus Digital Library. Both retrieved on Nov. 16, 2007.
7. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940), A Greek-English Lexicon, retrieved 2007-11-15
8. Fisher, Peter; Higgins (1998), Olaus Magnus: A Description of the Northern Peoples, 1555, translated by Humphrey, Hakluyt Society, p. 1011n, ISBN 0-904180-59-X, retrieved 2007-11-15. See Olaus Magnus and Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus
9. Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1897), A Latin Dictionary, retrieved 2009-01-15

External links

• BirdLife Species Factsheet.
• Picture of captive bird

v t e Genera of eagles, condors and their extinct allies
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Clade: Telluraves Order: Accipitriformes
Accipitriformes Cathartiformes incertae sedis †Parasarcoramphus †Teratornithidae Aiolornis Argentavis Cathartornis Oscaravis Taubatornis Teratornis Cathartidae †Aizenogyps †Brasilogyps †Breagyps Cathartes †Cathartidarum Coragyps †Diatropornis †Dryornis †Geronogyps Gymnogyps †Hadrogyps †Kuntur †Pampagyps †Phasmagyps †Perugyps †Pleistovultur †Pliogyps Sarcoramphus Vultur †Wingegyps Accipitriformes sensu stricto See below ↓
Accipitriformes sensu stricto †Horusornithidae Horusornis Pandionidae Pandion Sagittariidae †Amanuensis †Amphiserpentarius †Pelargopappus Sagittarius Accipitridae incertae sedis †Amplibuteo †Aquilavus †Apatosagittarius †Aviraptor †"Cruschedula"? †Dynatoaetus †Gigantohierax †Gobihierax †Milvoides †Mioaegypius †Miohierax †Necrastur †Palaeohierax †Palaeastur †Palaeocircus †Palaeoplancus †"Palaetus" †Pengana †Proictinia †Promilio †Qiluornis †Titanohierax †Vinchinavis Aegypiinae Aegypius †Cryptogyps †Gansugyps Gyps Necrosyrtes Sarcogyps Torgos Trigonoceps Accipitrinae Accipiter Erythrotriorchis Megatriorchis Aquilinae Aquila Clanga Hieraaetus Ictinaetus Lophaetus Lophotriorchis Nisaetus Polemaetus Spizaetus Stephanoaetus †Archaehieraxinae Archaehierax Buteoninae †Bermuteo †Garganoaetus Buteonini Busarellus Butastur Buteo Buteogallus Cryptoleucopteryx Geranoaetus Geranospiza Helicolestes Ictinia Leucopternis Morphnarchus Parabuteo Pseudastur Rostrhamus Rupornis Milvini Haliastur Milvus Circaetinae Circaetus Dryotriorchis Eutriorchis Pithecophaga Spilornis Terathopius Circinae Circus Elaninae Chelictinia Elanus Gampsonyx Gypaetinae †Anchigyps †Arikarornis Gypaetus Gypohierax †Mioneophron †Neogyps Neophron †Neophrontops †Palaeoborus Polyboroides Haliaeetinae Haliaeetus Icthyophaga Harpaginae Harpagus Kaupifalco Microspizias Harpiinae Harpia Harpyopsis Macheiramphus Morphnus Lophospizinae Lophospiza Melieraxinae Melierax Micronisus Urotriorchis Perninae Aviceda Chondrohierax Elanoides Eutriorchis Hamirostra Henicopernis Leptodon Lophoictinia Pernis

• IUCN Red List endangered species
• Circaetinae
• Endemic birds of Madagascar
• Birds of prey of Madagascar
• Birds described in 1875
• Eagles
• Fauna of the Madagascar lowland forests