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Mahabaleshwar
Hill station
MahabaleshwarShow map of MaharashtraMahabaleshwarShow map of India
Coordinates: 17°55′30″N 73°39′27″E / 17.9250°N 73.6575°E / 17.9250; 73.6575
Country	India
State	Maharashtra
District	Satara District
Area
• Total	137.15 km (52.95 sq mi)
Elevation	1,353 m (4,439 ft)
Population
• Total	12,737
• Density	93/km (240/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Marathi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
Sex ratio	90 females/ 100 males ♀/♂
Literacy Rate	78%

Mahabaleshwar (pronunciation) is a small town and a municipal council in Satara district, Maharashtra, India. It is a place of pilgrimage for Hindus because the Krishna River has its origin here. The British colonial rulers developed the town as a hill station, and it served as the summer capital of the Bombay Presidency during the British Raj.

Geography

Mahabaleshwar is located on the mountainous Sahyadri range of the Western Ghats that run North to south along the western coast of India. The coordinates of the town are 17°55′30″N 73°39′27″E / 17.9250°N 73.6575°E / 17.9250; 73.6575. Mahabaleshwar is a vast plateau measuring 150 km (58 sq mi), bound by valleys on all sides. It reaches a height of 1,439 m (4,721 ft) at its highest peak above sea level, known as Wilson/Sunrise Point. The town is about 122 km (76 mi) southwest of Pune and 285 km (177 mi) from Mumbai.

Mahabaleshwar comprises three villages: Malcolm Peth, Old "Kshetra" Mahabaleshwar, and part of the Shindola village. The Mahabaleshwar region is the source of the Krishna River that flows east across Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh towards the Bay of Bengal. Three tributaries of Krishna, namely Koyna, Venna (Veni) and Gayatri, also have their source in Mahabaleshwar region. A fourth river, the Savitri, also has its source in the region, but flows Westward via Mahad to the Arabian Sea.

The area's climate is suitable for cultivation of strawberries; Mahabaleshwar strawberry contributes to about 85 percent of the total strawberry production in the country. It also received the geographical indication (GI) tag in 2010.

Climate

Mahabaleshwar has a borderline tropical monsoon/humid subtropical climate (Köppen Am/Cwa). Very heavy rainfall is a normal occurrence during monsoons. During July, 10–12 days of continuous rains with 100 to 200 mm or 4 to 8 in each day occur each year. There were reports of ice and ground frost formation around Venna Lake in 2018. On August 7, 2019, Mahabaleshwar recorded 330 mm or 12.99 in of rain in 24 hours causing landslides. Mahabaleshwar has been described as the "New Candidate for the wettest place in the world", the title currently held by Cherrapunji.

History

Legend says that a Yadava ruler from 13th century built a small temple and water tank at the source of the river Krishna. The Valley of Jawali, the area around Mahabaleshwar, was ruled by the More (clan) who were vassals of the Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur. In 1656, the founder of Maratha empire, Chhatrapati Shivaji, killed the then ruler of Valley of Javali, Chandrarao More, and seized the area. Around that time Shivaji also built a hill fort near Mahabaleshwar called Pratapgad fort.

British colonial era

In 1819, after the demise of the Maratha empire, the British ceded the hills around Mahabaleshwar to the vassal state of Satara. Colonel Lodwick (Later General Sir Lodwick) after climbing the mountains near Mahabaleshwar, recommended the place as a sanatorium for the British forces to governor Sir John Malcolm of Bombay presidency. The Raja of Satara was granted other villages in exchange for the British getting Mahabaleshwar in 1828. In old records Mahabaleshwar was even called Malcolm Peth after the governor.

Mahabaleshwar started gaining prominence when British officials of the Bombay presidency such as Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone, Arthur Malet (for whom the seat at "Point Arthur" is named), Carnac, and many others became regular visitors. Venna Lake was constructed in 1842 to collect water from perennial springs; the Venna River flows from this lake. Bartley Frere, the commissioner of Satara in the 1850s, built the road from Satara to Mahabaleshwar. In the mid 1800s, Mahabaleshwar was made into the summer capital of the Bombay presidency. Government spending led to rapid development of the area.

Colonial officials spent part of their year in the area. Their wives spent a longer period of the year in the area to be with their children in local boarding schools in Mahabaleshwar and nearby Panchgani. The British rulers wanted to recreate the English landscape in the hill stations and to that end, European flora such as strawberries were introduced in Mahabaleshwar, and amenities such as libraries, theatres, boating lakes, and sports grounds were constructed.

Added to the scores of magnificent scenic "points", the perennial springs, streams, and waterfalls of Mahabaleshwar plateau, with its year round superb climate, drew the English and others to Mahabaleshwar. By the end of the 19th century it had become an attractive popular hill station of world renown. Raj Bhavan, the summer residence of the Governor of Maharashtra, is also located here. An older building named "The Terraces" was purchased in 1884 and rechristened as Giri Darshan in 1886.

"Babington House", is a colonial-style bungalow built in the shape of a cross with a deep veranda, elaborate metal work railing and extensive outhouses. It was formerly one of the country seats of the Dubash family, a Parsi ship chandler dynasty from Bombay, before they sold it to the Rahejas in the early 1970s. It contains a central dining room with a 24-seater table and a library pavilion with 1st edition books collected by the Dubash family, notably Jamsetjee "Jimmy" Kavasjee Dubash, a bibliophile and art collector.

Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Mahabaleshwar had a population of 12,737. Males constituted 55% of the population and females 45%. Mahabaleshwar had an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy was 84%, and female literacy was 71%. In Mahabaleshwar, 11% of the population was at that time under 6 years of age. 90% of population speaks Marathi language.

Transport

Rail

Nearest railway station to Mahabaleshwar is Satara, 60 km. Nearby major railway stations include Pune (120 km), Sangli railway station (170 km). State-run bus services are available in these locations to Mahabaleshwar. Rail station Diwan Khavati on Kokan Railway near Khed gives a route of 60 km via Poladpur to Mahabaleshwar.

Air

The nearest airport is Pune International Airport, serving the city of Pune, 120 km from Mahabaleshwar. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport of Mumbai is 270 km.

Tourism

Mahabaleshwar is a popular tourist destination in Maharashtra. Attractions include many hill side look out points with views of surrounding hills, valleys and forests such as Bombay Point, Arthur Seat, Kates Point, Lodwick-Wilson Point, and Elphinston Point. Wilson Point is the only location in Mahabaleshwar where both the sunrise and sunset can be seen. The town also has a man-made lake dating back to British era called Venna Lake. The lake is a popular place for boating. It is surrounded by a market and food stalls that are popular with the tourists. Other attractions include the Lingmala waterfall. Old Mahabaleshwar is a place of pilgrimage with its Mahadeo temple. The temple is the source of the five rivers Krishna, Koyna, Venna, Savitri and Gayatri. Being a relatively cool place, many temperate region crops such as strawberries, raspberries, and mulberries have been grown in Mahabaleshwar and surrounding hills. Principal amongst these crops is Strawberries. Strawberry plantations, and the produce they offer are also a popular tourist activity. The Mahabaleshwar strawberry was granted the geographical indication (GI) tag in 2010. As a popular tourist destination, Mahabaleshwar has hotels and accommodation to suit different budgets.

Pratapgad

A popular place to visit is the historic fort of Pratapgad built by Chatrapati Shivaji. It is the site of the encounter between Shivaji Maharaj and Bijapur general, Afzal Khan, where the latter was defeated and killed by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. There are small shops, restaurants and a handicrafts store. Many schools also arrange educational trips to the fort. The fort is also on many trekking routes of the area.

Gallery of places of interest to tourism

• Panoramic view from Savitri Point, Mahabaleshwar
• A view from Arthur seat point
• The Venna lake
• Boats on the Venna lake in Mahabaleshwar.
• Balakwadi dam viewed from Kate's Point
• Needle hole rock, viewed from the point
• Panoramic view of Lingamala waterfalls

In popular culture

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (March 2023)

Movies filmed in Mahabaleshwar include Raj Kapoor's Barsaat (1949),Hrishikesh Mukherjee's Anupama (1966) and Basu Chatterji's Chitchor (1976). In December 2020, some scenes of RRR (2022) were filmed around Mahabaleshwar, notably scenes involving Alia Bhatt. Some scenes of the Kannada film Vikrant Rona (2022), starring Sudeepa, were filmed around the hill station. Other hill stations such as Panchgani and Wai are also popular filming locations. For example, in 2021 Kartik Aaryan filmed the movie Freddy (2022) in Panchgani.

References

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External links

• Mahabaleshwar page of Maharashtra Tourism website
• Media related to Mahabaleshwar at Wikimedia Commons

Further reading

• The other Mahabaleshwar by Dhruti Vaidya

v t e Satara district topics
History	Sajjangad Ajinkyatara Kamalgad Kalyangad Kenjalgad Chandangad Jangali Jayagad Gunavantgad Prachitgad Pratapgad Pandavgad Bhairavgad Bhushangad Bhopalgad Makrandgad Machchindragad Mahimandangad Mahimangad Santoshgad Sundargad Vasota Fort Vardhangad Vandangad Vasantgad Varugad Vairatgad
Battles	Battle of Pratapgarh Battle of Satara
Rivers	Koyna River Krishna River Venna River Savitri River Gayatri River
Dams	Koyna Dam Kanher Dam Dhom Dam Mhaswad Dam Morana Dam Morna Gureghar Dam Uttarmand Dam Yeralwadi Dam
Lakes	Shivsagar Lake Venna Lake Kas Lake Bamnoli Lake
Ghats	Khambatki Ghat Amba Ghat
Caves	Wai Caves Karad Caves
Cities and towns	Karad Khatav Khandala Saal Wai Koregaon Rahimatpur Mahabaleshwar Mhaswad Man Aundh Panchgani Patan Phaltan Khed Medha Koynanagar
Villages	Awlan Kinhai Kondhawali Menawali Ninam Yerad
Places to see	Kas Plateau Reserved Forest Kanher Dam Pritisangam Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary Mayani Bird Sanctuary Nandgiri or Kalyangad Fort Sajjangad Fort Siddhanath Temple, Mhaswad Thoseghar Waterfalls Vajrai Waterfall
Monuments	Mandhradevi
Transport	NH-48 Satara Junction Karad Airport
Education	Rayat Shikshan Sanstha Sainik School, Satara
Lok Sabha constituencies	Madha Satara
Vidhan Sabha constituencies	Satara Koregaon Wai Karad North Karad South Patan Phaltan Man
Culture	Satari Kandhi Pedhe Lavani Puran poli

• Mahabaleshwar
• Cities and towns in Satara district
• Hill stations in Maharashtra
• Tourism in Maharashtra
• Talukas in Maharashtra
• 1839 establishments in British India